History

The Catholic Church in Cuba faced unique challenges from 1959 through 1962 during the Cuban Revolution. This paper examines the social and political roles of the Catholic episcopal hierarchy and Catholic lay organizations, during the Batista regime and the first months of the Cuban Revolution. The Church unsuccessfully attempted to compete with the revolutionary ideology through the use of religious and cultural symbolism, processions, mass meetings and pastoral circulars.

The Cuban case served as a benchmark and a warning for the Catholic Church in other nations. The lesson of the Cuban Catholic Church’s ambivalence and eventual fate under the Revolutionary regime was not lost on the Vatican hierarchy. What began as a call for an ecumenical council under Pope John XXIII, was transformed into a major shift of paradigms for the Catholic Church in the Second Vatican Council in the light of the Cuban Revolution and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

The Catholic Church in Cuba faced unique challenges during the Batista dictatorship from 1952 to 1959. The Church in Cuba found itself challenged by the macro-historical process of expansive modernity and growing religious pluralism in the first part of the twentieth century. By mid-century the Church found itself caught on the horns of a dilemma: to support the authoritarian regime in order to maintain some level of influence with the state, or to consciously assume a role of moral and political opposition. A key element of the Church hierarchy’s strategic response to its diminishing social influence in the face of both modern pluralism and state authoritarianism was the mobilization of lay organizations collectively known as Catholic Action

This paper examines the social and political roles of the Catholic episcopal hierarchy and Catholic lay organizations, during the Batista regime and the first months of the Cuban Revolution.

... other personal papers throughout the southeast. Kirsten Wood, "Fictive Mastery: Slaveholding Widows in the American South, 1790-1860" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1998), chap. 2. See also Lebsock, Free Women ...

A Republic for the Ages: The United States Capitol and the Political Culture of the Early Republic. by KIRSTEN E. WOOD A Republic for the Ages: The United States Capitol and the Political Culture of the Early Republic. Edited by Donald R. Kennon.

In the last three decades, gender has become an indispensable category of analysis in the study of slavery in the Americas, illuminating both the day-to-day lives of enslaved and enslaving peoples and ideas about race and slavery. While studying gender means much more than studying women, the literature on enslaved women is especially influential, in part because of gender analysis's origins in women's history and in part because of women's central importance in slavery: women and ideas about them shaped slavery from beginning to end. This article discusses the origins of slavery, the gendered division of slave labour, reproduction in slavery, sexuality, enslaved families, black femininity and masculinity, mastery and white gender identities, and politics.

Abstract:

By focusing on the case of the Gurupí River region on the border between the Brazilian states of Maranhão and Pará, this paper will argue for the importance of territoriality and geography in the strategies of fugitive slave communities both before and after abolition. Quilombo inhabitants (quilombolas) in Pará accumulated a knowledge of the land, access to gold deposits, and renowned skill in gold extraction. These assets became a valuable currency and source of political power in their dealings with political and economic actors. Such contacts were crucial for the quilombolas to maintain a certain territorial and political autonomy after abolition. The activities of quilombolas shaped the geographical and political landscape of many rural communities in Brazil well after the abolition of slavery, and they continued to challenge extractive capitalism in defense of their traditional territory. The example of the Gurupí River suggests the importance of understanding the politics of rural black communities through a careful consideration of the role of space and geography.

Resumo:

Com uma ênfase no caso do Rio Gurupí na fronteira Maranhão-Pará, o presente artigo argumenta pela importância da territorialidade e geografia nas estratégias dos quilombolas antes e depois da abolição. Quilombolas no Pará adquiriram saberes da terra, acesso as jazidas auríferas, e uma habilidade reconhecida na extração do ouro. Acesso à riqueza mineral do Gurupí tornou-se para os quilombolas uma moeda de valor em relacionamentos com potencias politicas e econômicas na região. As atividades dos quilombolas formaram a paisagem geográfica bem como política, e os quilombolas continuavam a contestar o capitalismo extrativo na defesa do seu território tradicional. O exemplo do Gurupí sugere a importância de entender a política das comunidades negras rurais através de uma consideração cuidadosa do papel de espaço e geografia.

Resumen:

Al enfocarse en el caso de la región del Río Gurupi en la frontera de los estados de Maranhão y Pará, este artículo argumen-tara la importancia de la territorialidad y geografía en las estrategias de comunidades de esclavos fugitivos antes y después de la abolición. Los habitantes de Quilombos (quilombolas) en Pará acumularon sabiduría de la tierra, acceso a depósitos de oro, y agilidades de renombre en la extracción de oro. Estos activos se volvieron divisas valiosas y fuentes de poder político en sus tratos con actores políticos. Dados contactos fueron cruciales para que las quilombolas mantuvieran un tipo de autonomía territorial y política después de la abolición. Las actividades de las quilombolas dieron forma al panorama político de varias comunidades rurales en Brasil más allá de la abolición de la esclavitud, y continuaron a retar el capitalismo extractivo en defensa de su territorialidad tradicional. El ejemplo del Río Gurupí sugiere la importancia de la entender la política de las comunidades negras rurales por medio de una consideración cuidadosa del rol del espacio y la geografía.