Matthew Tieu

We argue that contemporary conceptualizations of “persons” have failed to achieve the moral goals of “person-centred care” (PCC, a model of dementia care developed by Tom Kitwood) and that they are detrimental to those receiving care, their families, and practitioners of care. We draw a distinction between personhood and selfhood, pointing out that continuity or maintenance of the latter is what is really at stake in dementia care. We then demonstrate how our conceptualization, which is one that privileges the lived experiences of people with dementia, and understands selfhood as formed relationally in connection with carers and the care environment, best captures Kitwood’s original idea. This conceptualization is also flexible enough to be applicable to the practice of caring for people at different stages of their dementia. Application of this conceptualization into PCC will best promote the well-being of people with dementia, while also encouraging respect and dignity in the care...

The discipline of knowledge translation (KT) emerged as a way of systematically understanding and addressing the challenges of applying health and medical research in practice. In light of ongoing and emerging critique of KT from the medical humanities and social sciences disciplines, KT researchers have become increasingly aware of the complexity of the translational process, particularly the significance of culture, tradition and values in how scientific evidence is understood and received, and thus increasingly receptive to pluralistic notions of knowledge. Hence, there is now an emerging view of KT as a highly complex, dynamic, and integrated sociological phenomenon, which neither assumes nor creates knowledge hierarchies and neither prescribes nor privileges scientific evidence. Such a view, however, does not guarantee that scientific evidence will be applied in practice and thus poses a significant dilemma for KT regarding its status as a scientific and practice-oriented disci...

The discipline of knowledge translation (KT) emerged as a way of systematically understanding and addressing the challenges of applying health and medical research in practice. In light of ongoing and emerging critique of KT from the medical humanities and social sciences disciplines, KT researchers have become increasingly aware of the complexity of the translational process, particularly the significance of culture, tradition and values in how scientific evidence is understood and received, and thus increasingly receptive to pluralistic notions of knowledge. Hence, there is now an emerging view of KT as a highly complex, dynamic, and integrated sociological phenomenon, which neither assumes nor creates knowledge hierarchies and neither prescribes nor privileges scientific evidence. Such a view, however, does not guarantee that scientific evidence will be applied in practice and thus poses a significant dilemma for KT regarding its status as a scientific and practice-oriented discipline, particularly within the current sociopolitical climate. Therefore, in response to the ongoing and emerging critique of KT, we argue that KT must provide scope for relevant scientific evidence to occupy an appropriate position of epistemic primacy in public discourse. Such a view is not intended to uphold the privileged status of science nor affirm the "scientific logos" per se. It is proffered as a counterbalance to powerful social, cultural, political and market forces that are able to challenge scientific evidence and promote disinformation to the detriment of democratic outcomes and the public good.

When a person with dementia (PwD) makes a specific request or behaves in a particular way that is inappropriate or dangerous and based on a false understanding of reality, there is a particular technique that caregivers may use to try and manage the situation. The technique is known as 'diversion' and it works by af

The aim of this study was to (a) investigate community women's knowledge and experiences of women's health community services in northern rural and regional New South Wales, Australia; (b) identify any existing gaps in community women's health programs in this region and (c) to contribute to service provision, strategic planning, and industry professional development of community nurse researchers in collaboration with industry. The research took place in Northern New South Wales Local Health District (NNSWLHD) Australia, which is comprised of Tweed/Byron, Richmond and Clarence Health Service Groups, during May to September 2019. Participants comprised 13 women's health service clients over the age of 18 years and less than 74 years, attending health services clinics within NNSWLHD. The research was undertaken as a partnership between three senior healthcare professionals (Clinical Nurse Consultants), one from each Health Service Group, and academic researchers, who provided the key senior healthcare professionals with research training and guidance. Key themes related to primary healthcare experiences and needs of women living in NNSWLHD, and the quality of women's primary healthcare services in that region. Thematic analysis revealed four key themes and several sub-themes. These were (1) Knowledge and Awareness of Services, (2) Barriers to Access, (3) Personal Issues and (4) A Need for Women-Centred Care. The major issues women experienced were deficits in services, lengthy wait times and poor access. Additional funding is necessary to uphold community women's health nurse positions in rural health to improve women's health outcomes in these locations.

Reproductive medicine is a field that aims to deliver novel “reproductive health” measures for humans all over the world. Ever since the first in vitro fertilisation (IVF) baby was born in 1978, childless couples, unable to conceive children, would have some hope of having children of their own. Reproductive technology now means that some couples, despite their infertility, can potentially have a child that is genetically related to them, even in cases where the mother has a non-functional uterus (i.e. IVF-surrogacy). This book by Ivo Brosens begins with an historical account of reproductive physiology beginning with discussions of menstruation, ovulation, fertilisation and reproductive ecology. Much of the first few chapters reads like a textbook, providing a very comprehensive summary of the relevant biology and the history of reproductive medicine. There is an abundance of anecdotal accounts of research outcomes and case studies to ground the historical facts, which allows the re...

RATIONALE The proportion of older adults living with long-term conditions (LTCs) is increasing. Self-care and self-management approaches are seen as valuable in helping older people with LTCs to manage their health and care, yet the theoretical overlaps and divergences are not always clear. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this review were to: (1) systematically identify and appraise studies of self-care or self-management of LTCs by community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥60 years) either informed by, applying, creating, or testing theory; (2) explore similarities or points of convergence between the identified theories; and (3) use a meta-ethnographic approach to synthesise the theories and group related concepts into core constructs. METHODS We conducted a systematic theory synthesis, searching six electronic databases. Three reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts followed by full texts and two reviewers appraised study quality. Theoretical data were synthesised within and across individual theories using meta-ethnographic line-of-argument synthesis. RESULTS A total of 141 articles (138 studies) and 76 theories were included in the review. Seven core constructs were developed: (1) temporal and spatial context; (2) stressors; (3) personal resources; (4) informal social resources; (5) formal social resources; (6) behavioural adaptations; and (7) quality of life outcomes. A line of argument was developed that conceptualised older adults' self-care and self-management as a dynamic process of behavioural adaptation, enabled by personal resources and informal and formal social resources, aimed at alleviating the impacts of stressors and maintaining quality of life. CONCLUSION This synthesis provides an overview of theories used in research on older adults' LTC self-care and self-management. Our synthesis describes the complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing self-care and self-management behaviours and provides considerations for future research, intervention design, and implementation. The utility of the constructs in research and practice requires further attention and empirical validation.

One of the major concerns about surrogacy is the potential harm that may be inflicted upon the surrogate mother and the child after relinquishment. Even if one were to take the liberal view that surrogacy should be presumptively allowed on the basis of autonomy and/or compassion, evidence of harm must be taken seriously. In this paper I review the evidence from psychological studies on the effect that relinquishing a child has on the surrogate mother and while it appears that many surrogates are able to cope with relinquishment, I argue that there are good reasons, grounded in empirical evidence, to support the view that the subsequent management of the relinquishment necessarily objectifies the surrogate mother.

3 Statement of Originality 5 Acknowledgements 6 Introduction and Aims 7 a) Background 7 b) Aims 11 c) Chapter Structure 13 Chapter 1 – Dimensions of Moral Competence 16 1.1 Emotional/Intuitive Dimensions of Moral Cognition 16 1.2 Sentimentalist/Intuitionist Theories 21 1.3 Rationalist Dimensions of Moral Cognition 26 1.4 Moral Rationalism and Practical Reason 30 1.5 Summary 32 Chapter 2 – Distinguishing Moral Competence from Moral Agency 37 2.