Materiau A Changement de Phase Au Service de La Bi
Materiau A Changement de Phase Au Service de La Bi
Materiau A Changement de Phase Au Service de La Bi
1. INTRODUCTION
Dans le contexte actuel de la demande en énergie croissante, la dépendance aux
énergies fossiles conduira à une crise énergétique dans un futur proche. Actuellement,
bien que les ressources énergétiques renouvelables soient utilisées à grande échelle,
l’acceptabilité sociale reste un défi à relever. La faible densité du rayonnement solaire à
la surface terrestre et ses fluctuations encourage à l’introduction d’un moyen de
stockage d’énergie par chaleur latente.
Les études effectuées dans le passé ont montré que la première application d’un
matériau à changement de phase portait sur le chauffage et la climatisation dans les
bâtiments [1, 2]. Vers les années 40, Telkes a conçu un système de chauffage solaire
résidentiel et en 1948, l’étude expérimentale sur le changement de phase a débuté à
Dover, dans le Massachusetts.
La maison expérimentale de 4 m3 de sel de Glauber, emballés dans des fûts en acier
disposés dans des zones vitrées ensoleillées et ventilées mécaniquement pour déplacer
l'air chaud dans l'espace de vie pendant l'hiver. Mais, ce matériau perdait de sa capacité
de changement de phase au cours de la seconde saison en se désintégrant. Au début des
années 70, la crise du carburant à encourager la communauté scientifique à reprendre
leurs investigations sur les MCP pour conserver le combustible et développer des
*
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647
648 N. Madjoudj et al.
sources d'énergie alternatives. Dès lors, la recherche et le développement sur les MCP
n’a cessé de progresser [3-10].
Fig. 2: Critères de sélection d’un MCP pour le stockage de la chaleur latente [20]
5. CONCLUSION
L’intégration des MCP réduit l'empreinte énergétique des bâtiments. Un large
éventail de recherche montre le potentiel d'intégration des MCP dans les bâtiments. De
nombreuses études ont balayé un champ très large, allant de la caractérisation des MCP
à leur incorporation dans les bâtiments, ainsi que des économies potentielles en énergie.
Les MCP ont la capacité de réduire la température maximale de l’environnement
intérieur, de réduire les températures excédentaires au-delà de la gamme de confort
thermique, d’améliorer les performances énergétiques globales du bâtiment et
d’augmenter la résistance thermique comme une couche isolante.
Les matériaux de stockage de chaleur latente avec un changement de phase liquide-
solide fournissent une solution prometteuse pour le développement des systèmes de
stockage thermique efficaces dans les bâtiments. La masse thermique des structures du
656 N. Madjoudj et al.
bâtiment peut être augmentée par l'incorporation du MCP dans les matériaux de
construction en vue d’améliorer le confort des occupants et de réduire la consommation
énergétique.
L’incorporation d’un MCP appropriée dans l’enveloppe, constitue une solution
efficace pour la réduction de la consommation énergétique pour le chauffage et le
refroidissement des bâtiments. Dans un travail futur, nous comptons appliquer le MCP à
un plancher chauffant et développer un module sous Matlab pour l’introduire dans la
plate-forme de simulation Trnsys.
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