Salix fursaevii, a species endemic to the Volga River flood plain, was described by E. Mavrodiev ... more Salix fursaevii, a species endemic to the Volga River flood plain, was described by E. Mavrodiev and co-authors in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. in 2012. It differs from the closely related and widespread S. triandra by a few quantitative morphological characters and, most of all by its much later flowering time. This late-flowering willow was known and studied before as an ecotype of S. triandra. Our study of a large sample of S. triandra s. l. revealed that 1) S. triandra s. str. and S. fursaevii could not be clearly distinguished using several morphological characters and the time of flowering; 2) specimens morphologically corresponding to S. fursaevii are with a single exception strictly confined to the Volga River flood plain; 3) the populations of S. triandra and S. fursaevii do not differ by nrITS sequences; 4) the populations of S. triandra and S. fursaevii are poorly differentiated by chloroplast atpB-rbcL sequences; 5) representatives of both taxa are tetraploids 2n ...
Moscow University, the places where Alexey Konstantinovich worked for most of his life. The Confe... more Moscow University, the places where Alexey Konstantinovich worked for most of his life. The Conference talks were presented in three oral sessions. The first session was mainly devoted to the problems of plant invasions, but also some topics in such areas as palinology and plant morphology. An exciting historical investigation into Prof. Skvortsov's field studies on the flora of Ryazan Region in Russia was presented by Prof. Marina Kazakova at the end of the session. The second session was held after lunch and included a variety of talks on plant introduction, reproductive biology, and conservation, problems that A.K. Skvortsov paid much attention to when working at the botanical gardens both of Moscow University and the Academy. This session started with a talk by colleagues from Moscow University that revealed a lot of interesting facts about Skvortsov's life and his role in planning and starting the University botanical garden. 258 The third session, in the evening, was s...
Phylogenetic relationships of East Asian representatives of the genus Filipendula Mill. (Rosaceae... more Phylogenetic relationships of East Asian representatives of the genus Filipendula Mill. (Rosaceae-Rosoideae) as revealed by the analyses of nrITs markers do not completely coincide with either of the existing taxonomic systems of the genus. The NW American F. occidentalis (s. Watson) Howell is a strongly isolated species which is not closely related to the Asian representatives of the genus. This study confirms close phylogenetic relations between F. tsuguwoi Ohwi (endemic to s Japan) and F. kiraishiensis Hayata (endemic to Taiwan), as well as their relationships to F. multijuga Maxim. (endemic to Honshu Island, Japan). This clade also includes the Himalayan species F. vestita Maxim. Two widely distributed species, F. camtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. and F. glaberrima Nakai, appear to be related to members of the sect. Albicomae. Filipendula formosa Nakai, a narrow endemic to s Korea, seems to be basal to this clade. Filipendula yezoensis H. Hara, endemic to Hokkaido Island, Japan, which...
The Mediterranean region is a center of species and genetic diversity of many plant groups, which... more The Mediterranean region is a center of species and genetic diversity of many plant groups, which served as a source of recolonization of temperate regions of Eurasia in Holocene. We investigate the evolutionary history of species currently classified in Lotus sect. Bonjeanea in the context of the evolution of the genus Lotus as a whole, using phylogenetic, phylogeographic and dating analyses. Of three species of the section, L. rectus and L. hirsutus have wide Mediterranean distribution while L. strictus has a disjunctive range in Bulgaria, Turkey, Armenia, Eastern Kazakhstan, and adjacent parts of Russia and China. We used entire nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region (nrITS) and a plastid dataset (rps16 and trnL-F) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within Lotus with an extended representation of Bonjeanea group. We analyzed the phylogeographic patterns within each species based on the plastid dataset. For divergence time estimation, the nrITS dataset was analyzed. Our re...
The results of a molecular genetic study of Potentilla multifida agg. using two plastid markers (... more The results of a molecular genetic study of Potentilla multifida agg. using two plastid markers (ndhC-trnV and psbA-trnH) and a nuclear ITS marker suggested that this group comprises a number of relatively young and incompletely differentiated species widely distributed in Northern Eurasia. The sequences were analyzed using tree-based (maximum likelihood) and network-based (statistical parsimony network) approaches. The plastid data suggested incomplete lineage sorting, characteristic of the group as a whole. The nuclear ITS results demonstrated quite a different pattern, with mostly conspecific accessions shaping monophyletic clades. The majority of the Potentilla sect. Multifidae species studied possess few, usually closely related plastid haplotypes, or are even monomorphic. In contrast, P. volgarica, a narrow endemic from the Volga River valley, presents plastid haplotypes belonging to two distantly related groups. Such a pattern of genetic diversity in P. volgarica may be expla...
In the cold periods of Quaternary climatic fluctuations, many temperate species underwent severe ... more In the cold periods of Quaternary climatic fluctuations, many temperate species underwent severe range contractions, and their survival during these periods was associated with climatically more favorable regions, so-called glacial refugia, from which subsequent range expansions took place. In this regard, the relative roles of the Southern (“main”), Northern (i.e., cryptic northern), and Eastern European (e.g., Colchis) refugia in shaping the evolutionary history of European temperate plants should be evaluated. In this study, we investigated the phylogeographic structure of Primula vulgaris, a European mesophilous species, by comparing DNA sequences derived from the nuclear (nrITS) and the plastid (trnL-trnF and rpl32-trnL) genomes of specimens covering the entire distribution range of the species. The variability in flower morphology was also studied on an area-wide scale with geometric morphometry. Our results clearly show the importance of the northern and eastern refugia (the ...
Rosa × archipelagica is a spontaneous hybrid between Rosa rugosa and R. maximowicziana distribute... more Rosa × archipelagica is a spontaneous hybrid between Rosa rugosa and R. maximowicziana distributed, together with its parental taxa, on the coast of a small Stenina Island in the Peter the Great Gulf, the Sea of Japan (Russian Far East). Its hybrid origin is confirmed by direct electropherogram comparisons of PCR products and maximum likelihood analyses of nuclear ITS 1–2 and plastid intergenic spacers trnH–psbA and ndhC–trnV. The plastome markers indicate R. maximowicziana as the maternal genome donor of Rosa × archipelagica, however, one specimen shows also signs of heteroplasmy. This is the first evidence of possible biparental inheritance of plastids in rose hybrids. The results do not show whether the hybrid plants all belong to F1 or further generations of hybrids.
The article examines the genetic diversity in 54 populations of 9 Chondrilla species (C. acanthol... more The article examines the genetic diversity in 54 populations of 9 Chondrilla species (C. acantholepis, C. ambigua, C. brevirostris, C. canescens, C. graminea, C. juncea, C. laticoronata, C. latifolia, and C. pauciflora) in European Russia. Plastid DNA segments trnT–trnF are selected as markers. Reconstruction of evolutionary networks based on the principle of maximum parsimony reveals that the sample is divided into four groups, where group 1 is C. ambigua, 2 – C. brevirostris, 3 – C. laticoronata, 4 – C. acantholepis, C. canescens, C. graminea, C. juncea, and C. latifolia. The findings show that C. acantholepis, C. canescens, C. graminea, C. juncea and C. latifolia are to be treated as synonyms under the name of C. juncea.
Using the method of ISSR analysis, the genetic diversity of 18 natural populations of Tulipa gesn... more Using the method of ISSR analysis, the genetic diversity of 18 natural populations of Tulipa gesneriana L. from the north of the Lower Volga region was examined. The ten ISSR primers used in the study provided identification of 102 PCR fragments, of which 50 were polymorphic (49.0%). According to the proportion of polymorphic markers, two population groups were distinguished: (1) the populations in which the proportion of polymorphic markers ranged from 0.35 to 0.41; (2) the populations in which the proportion of polymorphic markers ranged from 0.64 to 0.85. UPGMA clustering analysis provided subdivision of the sample into two large clusters. The unrooted tree constructed using the Neighbor Joining algorithm had similar topology. The first cluster included slightly variable populations and the second cluster included highly variable populations. The AMOVA analysis showed statistically significant differences (FCT = 0.430; p = 0.000) between the two groups. Local populations are considerably genetically differentiated from each other (FST = 0.632) and have almost no links via modern gene flow, as evidenced by the results of the Mantel test (r =–0.118; p = 0.819). It is suggested that the degree of genetic similarities and differences between the populations depends on the time and the species dispersal patterns on these territories.
Salix fursaevii, a species endemic to the Volga River flood plain, was described by E. Mavrodiev ... more Salix fursaevii, a species endemic to the Volga River flood plain, was described by E. Mavrodiev and co-authors in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. in 2012. It differs from the closely related and widespread S. triandra by a few quantitative morphological characters and, most of all by its much later flowering time. This late-flowering willow was known and studied before as an ecotype of S. triandra. Our study of a large sample of S. triandra s. l. revealed that 1) S. triandra s. str. and S. fursaevii could not be clearly distinguished using several morphological characters and the time of flowering; 2) specimens morphologically corresponding to S. fursaevii are with a single exception strictly confined to the Volga River flood plain; 3) the populations of S. triandra and S. fursaevii do not differ by nrITS sequences; 4) the populations of S. triandra and S. fursaevii are poorly differentiated by chloroplast atpB-rbcL sequences; 5) representatives of both taxa are tetraploids 2n ...
Moscow University, the places where Alexey Konstantinovich worked for most of his life. The Confe... more Moscow University, the places where Alexey Konstantinovich worked for most of his life. The Conference talks were presented in three oral sessions. The first session was mainly devoted to the problems of plant invasions, but also some topics in such areas as palinology and plant morphology. An exciting historical investigation into Prof. Skvortsov's field studies on the flora of Ryazan Region in Russia was presented by Prof. Marina Kazakova at the end of the session. The second session was held after lunch and included a variety of talks on plant introduction, reproductive biology, and conservation, problems that A.K. Skvortsov paid much attention to when working at the botanical gardens both of Moscow University and the Academy. This session started with a talk by colleagues from Moscow University that revealed a lot of interesting facts about Skvortsov's life and his role in planning and starting the University botanical garden. 258 The third session, in the evening, was s...
Phylogenetic relationships of East Asian representatives of the genus Filipendula Mill. (Rosaceae... more Phylogenetic relationships of East Asian representatives of the genus Filipendula Mill. (Rosaceae-Rosoideae) as revealed by the analyses of nrITs markers do not completely coincide with either of the existing taxonomic systems of the genus. The NW American F. occidentalis (s. Watson) Howell is a strongly isolated species which is not closely related to the Asian representatives of the genus. This study confirms close phylogenetic relations between F. tsuguwoi Ohwi (endemic to s Japan) and F. kiraishiensis Hayata (endemic to Taiwan), as well as their relationships to F. multijuga Maxim. (endemic to Honshu Island, Japan). This clade also includes the Himalayan species F. vestita Maxim. Two widely distributed species, F. camtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. and F. glaberrima Nakai, appear to be related to members of the sect. Albicomae. Filipendula formosa Nakai, a narrow endemic to s Korea, seems to be basal to this clade. Filipendula yezoensis H. Hara, endemic to Hokkaido Island, Japan, which...
The Mediterranean region is a center of species and genetic diversity of many plant groups, which... more The Mediterranean region is a center of species and genetic diversity of many plant groups, which served as a source of recolonization of temperate regions of Eurasia in Holocene. We investigate the evolutionary history of species currently classified in Lotus sect. Bonjeanea in the context of the evolution of the genus Lotus as a whole, using phylogenetic, phylogeographic and dating analyses. Of three species of the section, L. rectus and L. hirsutus have wide Mediterranean distribution while L. strictus has a disjunctive range in Bulgaria, Turkey, Armenia, Eastern Kazakhstan, and adjacent parts of Russia and China. We used entire nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region (nrITS) and a plastid dataset (rps16 and trnL-F) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within Lotus with an extended representation of Bonjeanea group. We analyzed the phylogeographic patterns within each species based on the plastid dataset. For divergence time estimation, the nrITS dataset was analyzed. Our re...
The results of a molecular genetic study of Potentilla multifida agg. using two plastid markers (... more The results of a molecular genetic study of Potentilla multifida agg. using two plastid markers (ndhC-trnV and psbA-trnH) and a nuclear ITS marker suggested that this group comprises a number of relatively young and incompletely differentiated species widely distributed in Northern Eurasia. The sequences were analyzed using tree-based (maximum likelihood) and network-based (statistical parsimony network) approaches. The plastid data suggested incomplete lineage sorting, characteristic of the group as a whole. The nuclear ITS results demonstrated quite a different pattern, with mostly conspecific accessions shaping monophyletic clades. The majority of the Potentilla sect. Multifidae species studied possess few, usually closely related plastid haplotypes, or are even monomorphic. In contrast, P. volgarica, a narrow endemic from the Volga River valley, presents plastid haplotypes belonging to two distantly related groups. Such a pattern of genetic diversity in P. volgarica may be expla...
In the cold periods of Quaternary climatic fluctuations, many temperate species underwent severe ... more In the cold periods of Quaternary climatic fluctuations, many temperate species underwent severe range contractions, and their survival during these periods was associated with climatically more favorable regions, so-called glacial refugia, from which subsequent range expansions took place. In this regard, the relative roles of the Southern (“main”), Northern (i.e., cryptic northern), and Eastern European (e.g., Colchis) refugia in shaping the evolutionary history of European temperate plants should be evaluated. In this study, we investigated the phylogeographic structure of Primula vulgaris, a European mesophilous species, by comparing DNA sequences derived from the nuclear (nrITS) and the plastid (trnL-trnF and rpl32-trnL) genomes of specimens covering the entire distribution range of the species. The variability in flower morphology was also studied on an area-wide scale with geometric morphometry. Our results clearly show the importance of the northern and eastern refugia (the ...
Rosa × archipelagica is a spontaneous hybrid between Rosa rugosa and R. maximowicziana distribute... more Rosa × archipelagica is a spontaneous hybrid between Rosa rugosa and R. maximowicziana distributed, together with its parental taxa, on the coast of a small Stenina Island in the Peter the Great Gulf, the Sea of Japan (Russian Far East). Its hybrid origin is confirmed by direct electropherogram comparisons of PCR products and maximum likelihood analyses of nuclear ITS 1–2 and plastid intergenic spacers trnH–psbA and ndhC–trnV. The plastome markers indicate R. maximowicziana as the maternal genome donor of Rosa × archipelagica, however, one specimen shows also signs of heteroplasmy. This is the first evidence of possible biparental inheritance of plastids in rose hybrids. The results do not show whether the hybrid plants all belong to F1 or further generations of hybrids.
The article examines the genetic diversity in 54 populations of 9 Chondrilla species (C. acanthol... more The article examines the genetic diversity in 54 populations of 9 Chondrilla species (C. acantholepis, C. ambigua, C. brevirostris, C. canescens, C. graminea, C. juncea, C. laticoronata, C. latifolia, and C. pauciflora) in European Russia. Plastid DNA segments trnT–trnF are selected as markers. Reconstruction of evolutionary networks based on the principle of maximum parsimony reveals that the sample is divided into four groups, where group 1 is C. ambigua, 2 – C. brevirostris, 3 – C. laticoronata, 4 – C. acantholepis, C. canescens, C. graminea, C. juncea, and C. latifolia. The findings show that C. acantholepis, C. canescens, C. graminea, C. juncea and C. latifolia are to be treated as synonyms under the name of C. juncea.
Using the method of ISSR analysis, the genetic diversity of 18 natural populations of Tulipa gesn... more Using the method of ISSR analysis, the genetic diversity of 18 natural populations of Tulipa gesneriana L. from the north of the Lower Volga region was examined. The ten ISSR primers used in the study provided identification of 102 PCR fragments, of which 50 were polymorphic (49.0%). According to the proportion of polymorphic markers, two population groups were distinguished: (1) the populations in which the proportion of polymorphic markers ranged from 0.35 to 0.41; (2) the populations in which the proportion of polymorphic markers ranged from 0.64 to 0.85. UPGMA clustering analysis provided subdivision of the sample into two large clusters. The unrooted tree constructed using the Neighbor Joining algorithm had similar topology. The first cluster included slightly variable populations and the second cluster included highly variable populations. The AMOVA analysis showed statistically significant differences (FCT = 0.430; p = 0.000) between the two groups. Local populations are considerably genetically differentiated from each other (FST = 0.632) and have almost no links via modern gene flow, as evidenced by the results of the Mantel test (r =–0.118; p = 0.819). It is suggested that the degree of genetic similarities and differences between the populations depends on the time and the species dispersal patterns on these territories.
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