Electronics and Communication Engineering

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is supposed as the network of number of sensors nodes which are ready to communicate with one another through radio interface like wireless medium. Power consumption, routing and quality of service are the main concerning issues of WSN applications. We have been investigating the problem of optimization of routing in WSN based on radial basis function networks RBFN to increase the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. This approach of routing optimization of WSN is based on accuracy, training time of the sensor network that is needed to enhance the performance of optimized routing path. RBFN is very simple, adaptable and efficient method to increase the lifetime of networks.

Abstract— Nanotechnology is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. Traditionally, nanotechnology has been concerned with developments in the fields of microelectronics, medicine and ...

Nanotechnology is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. Traditionally, nanotechnology has been concerned with developments in the fields of microelectronics, medicine and materials sciences. However, the potential for application of many of the developments in the nanotechnology field in the area of construction engineering is growing. In this paper a broad overview of the potential application of various nanotechnology developments in the construction engineering field is discussed, and the potential for further basic research that may lead to improved systems is evaluated.

– This paper highlights the various performance characteristics of multislotted patch antenna which is fabricated by using micro-machining technique. A 2 inch n-type silicon wafer, with high resistivity (>1000 ohm-cm) is used as a substrate material. The patch is designed on the substrate by using thin gold film with dimensions 340×240×2 µm3. In order to obtain multiband operation twelve thin slots of the dimensions 20×5×2 µm3 were etched from the gold substrate. The resultant structure obtained resembles like the shape of horn antenna which is capable of achieving multiband operations. The fabricated antenna results are measured for different performance parameters like VSWR, return loss, radiation patterns and compared with simulation results of high-frequency structure simulator tool HFSS. The experimental and simulated results are found to be almost identical. The impedance bandwidth obtained is about 49 Ω for |S11| ≤ −10 dB ranging from 2.5 to 30 GHz. This antenna is capable of achieving peak gain of 7 dBi.

Optical character recognition (OCR) is an approach to extract the characters from an image. Vehicle number plate identification is already a challenging task in OCR. In this paper a method for vehicle license plate identification is implemented and analyzed, on the basis of novel adaptive image segmentation and filtering technique conjunction with optical character recognition has been proposed. In this paper a novel method for license plate number localization based on ratio and position of characters is performed. The localized characters have been correlated to the predefined templates of characters. Based on appropriate threshold of character authentication, the correlation value decides the valid character for localized region of interest. This paper is divided into five segments: first part consists of introduction and literature survey, second part deals with image conversion (from RGB to black and white), removal of unwanted noisy region and classification of connected components, third part explains filtering based on ratio of height to width for validation of true character using height filter and position filter, fourth part explains how to extract the likelihood region of character using median centroid approach for number plate. This approach enables the localization of number plates in widely varying illumination conditions with relevance to the number plate having English alphanumeric fonts. Fifth part of this paper explains the correlation with each templates for validate the character based on maximum correlation value.

Storage and transmission limitations have made electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression an important aspect for ECG computerized systems. In this paper a lossless method based on modified American standard code for information Interchange (ASCII) character encoding for ECG data compression have been proposed. The Proposed method consists of compression algorithm comprising sign count; generation of array representing ECG sample's signs (+ve,-ve alternatively), adaptive amplification factor; and grouping method of ECG samples and a reverse process for ECG reconstruction. The ability of the proposed compression algorithm has been investigated on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The average percentage root mean square difference (PRD) of about 0.32, compression ratio (CR) of about 8.38, quality score (QS) of about 26.02, percent root mean square difference normalized (PRDN) of about 0.56, root mean square error (RMS) of about 0.0018 and SNR of about 45.46 was achieved on MIT-BIH data. The method is also compared with other compression algorithms and showed superior performance in term of PRD, CR, QS, PRDN, RMS and SNR. The novelty of proposed method is the nearly exact reproduction of the original signal (PRD=0.32) and a moderate CR.

Wearable health monitoring systems (WHMSs) will play an increasingly important role in future e-healthcare and enable smart and ubiquitous healthcare services. Given its sensitivity , the health data should be protected against unauthorized access. As a result, it is critical to design an end-to-end mutual authentication protocol that enables secure communication between the wearable sensor and medical professionals. Recently, Amin et al. proposed an anonymity preserving mutual authentication protocol for WHMSs. However, we identify that their protocol suffers from stolen mobile device attack, desynchronization attack, and sensor key exposure. Then we put forward an improved end-to-end authenti-cation protocol based on quadratic residues. Comprehensive security analysis is conducted to show that the proposed protocol fixes these flaws of Amin et al.'s protocol and satisfies all desired requirements. The comparison with these existing protocols demonstrates that our protocol provides a practical end-to-end security solution for WHMSs.