Supplementary Table 3: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Ho... more Supplementary Table 3: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Hormones Stratified by Gleason Score
Supplementary Table 4: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Ho... more Supplementary Table 4: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Hormones Stratified by Race
Supplementary Table 5: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Ho... more Supplementary Table 5: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Hormones Stratified by Median Age at Blood Draw
Supplementary Table 2: Reproducibility of average tissue hormone assays by zone and overall from ... more Supplementary Table 2: Reproducibility of average tissue hormone assays by zone and overall from a pilot study of 30 men recruited at George Washington University Medical Center that included a total of 171 prostate biopsies.
Background: Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiologic studi... more Background: Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiologic studies have not provided substantiating evidence. We tested the hypothesis that circulating concentrations of sex steroid hormones reflect intraprostatic concentrations using serum and adjacent microscopically verified benign prostate tissue from prostate cancer cases.Methods: Incident localized prostate cancer cases scheduled for surgery were invited to participate. Consented participants completed surveys, and provided resected tissues and blood. Histologic assessment of the ends of fresh frozen tissue confirmed adjacent microscopically verified benign pathology. Sex steroid hormones in sera and tissues were extracted, chromatographically separated, and then quantitated by radioimmunoassays. Linear regression was used to account for variations in intraprostatic hormone concentrations by age, body mass index, race, and study site, and subsequently to assess relationships with serum hormone ...
This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Epidemiology and Biostatis... more This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Health Sciences Research Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Health Sciences Research
The survival after the diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has been steadily improving ... more The survival after the diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has been steadily improving for the past few decades. This has been due to advances in the knowledge of IBC in a number of fields, including epidemiology, molecular biology, and medical management. In this review we summarize some of the most important recent advances in these fields and suggest possible opportunities for continued improvement.
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, Jan 22, 2017
Background Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiological stud... more Background Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiological studies have not provided substantiating evidence. We tested the hypothesis that circulating concentrations of sex steroid hormones reflect intraprostatic concentrations using serum and adjacent microscopically-verified benign prostate tissue from prostate cancer cases. Methods Incident localized prostate cancer cases scheduled for surgery were invited to participate. Consented participants completed surveys, and provided resected tissues and blood. Histologic assessment of the ends of fresh frozen tissue confirmed adjacent microscopically-verified benign pathology. Sex steroid hormones in sera and tissues were extracted, chromatographically separated, and then quantitated by radioimmunoassays. Linear regression was used to account for variations in intraprostatic hormone concentrations by age, body mass index, race and study site, and subsequently to assess relationships with serum hormone ...
Prospective cohort studies of circulating sex steroid hormones and prostate cancer risk have not ... more Prospective cohort studies of circulating sex steroid hormones and prostate cancer risk have not provided a consistent association, despite evidence from animal and clinical studies. However, studies using male pattern baldness as a proxy of early‐life or cumulative androgen exposure have reported significant associations with aggressive and fatal prostate cancer risk. Given that androgens underlie the development of patterned hair loss and chest hair, we assessed whether these two dermatological characteristics were associated with circulating and intraprostatic concentrations of sex steroid hormones among men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer.
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, Jan 22, 2017
Background Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiological stud... more Background Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiological studies have not provided substantiating evidence. We tested the hypothesis that circulating concentrations of sex steroid hormones reflect intraprostatic concentrations using serum and adjacent microscopically-verified benign prostate tissue from prostate cancer cases. Methods Incident localized prostate cancer cases scheduled for surgery were invited to participate. Consented participants completed surveys, and provided resected tissues and blood. Histologic assessment of the ends of fresh frozen tissue confirmed adjacent microscopically-verified benign pathology. Sex steroid hormones in sera and tissues were extracted, chromatographically separated, and then quantitated by radioimmunoassays. Linear regression was used to account for variations in intraprostatic hormone concentrations by age, body mass index, race and study site, and subsequently to assess relationships with serum hormone ...
We investigated a cluster of three cases of inflam-matory breast cancer (IBC) diagnosed within 10... more We investigated a cluster of three cases of inflam-matory breast cancer (IBC) diagnosed within 10 months in an office setting of 24 people. Information about medical history, pregnancy history, family history of breast cancer, oral contraceptive use/hormone replacement therapy, exposure to possible oncogenic agents and tumor promoters were obtained to determine whether there were differences in risk factors for IBC between cases and controls. The physical environment and location of the cases' office raised concern about air and water quality as well as radiation as being contributory risk factors for developing IBC. Of the three women with IBC, two had high exposures to pesticides/herbicides, all three used oral contraceptives and two used hormone replacement therapy at the time of diagnosis, two had a family history of breast cancer, and two were obese. Among fifteen controls four had pesticide/herbicide exposure, one had a family history of breast cancer, nine used oral contraceptives, seven used hormone replacement therapy, and five were obese. No specific environmental causes were established for this cluster. Several promoting factors have been suggested that could result in subclinical breast cancer emerging as IBC. Among them are exogenous hormones and exposure to herbicides/pesticides.
To assess the importance of heredity in the etiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), we comp... more To assess the importance of heredity in the etiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), we compared IBC patients to several carefully chosen comparison groups with respect to the prevalence of first-degree family history of breast cancer. IBC cases (n = 141) were compared to non-inflammatory breast cancer cases (n = 178) ascertained through George Washington University (GWU) with respect to the prevalence of first-degree family history of breast cancer and selected environmental/lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer. Similar comparisons were conducted with subjects from three case-control studies: breast cancer cases (n = 1145) and unaffected controls (n = 1142) from the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) study, breast cancer cases (n = 465) and controls (n = 9317) from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study, and ovarian cancer cases (n = 260) and controls (n = 331) from a study by University of Toronto (UT). The frequency of first-degree breast cancer fami...
Cancer clusters have long been a focus of interest because of the possibility of identifying etio... more Cancer clusters have long been a focus of interest because of the possibility of identifying etiologic agents. Only on rare occasions, however, have such cluster investigations been successful. One major difficulty in cluster investigations, particularly in the area of breast cancer, is the long latent period. There have been a number of publications providing a discouraging picture regarding cancer cluster investigations. The possibility of learning from a cluster investigation, however, is greatly increased if the cancer involved is relatively rare and if it has a short latent period. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) fits these criteria and is worth pursuing because of the strong evidence that environmental factors play a major role. In this report we describe our experience with several clusters and the lessons learned which are now being utilized to improve investigation of future IBC clusters. The first IBC cluster that we evaluated was in 2000, when we were asked to investigat...
The epidemiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has been of great interest to a number of in... more The epidemiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has been of great interest to a number of investigators, but epidemiological research has been hampered by the lack of an agreed upon case definition and the relatively small number of patients available to any single investigator or institution. Several features of IBC have become apparent through population-based studies, which, although varying somewhat in case definition, generally agree on some key features of the disease. These include the incidence of the disease, apparently less than 3% of breast cancer cases in the United States, the younger age of onset compared to non-inflammatory breast cancer, the much higher incidence in Black women compared to White, the generally poor outcome of this disease compared to non-inflammatory breast cancer, and the continued increase in reported incidence, particularly as compared with non-inflammatory breast cancer in general and locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) in particular. There is an apparent striking geographic pattern, with a higher percentage of cases reported from North Africa, best documented in Tunisia. The risk factors for developing IBC are suggested by smaller studies with concordant conclusions, and some appear to be different than the risk factors for developing breast cancer in general. For example, obesity appears to be a risk factor for premenopausal IBC but is not for premenopausal non-inflammatory breast cancer. In addition, there is evidence that a young age at first birth predisposes to IBC but is protective against developing non-inflammatory breast cancer. In some malignancies, the use of molecular markers is helpful in defining subgroups that could assist in improving case definition as well as predicting prognosis. The increasing combination of improved epidemiologic and laboratory methods will hopefully accelerate our understanding of this challenging disease.
Supplementary Table 3: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Ho... more Supplementary Table 3: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Hormones Stratified by Gleason Score
Supplementary Table 4: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Ho... more Supplementary Table 4: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Hormones Stratified by Race
Supplementary Table 5: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Ho... more Supplementary Table 5: Multivariable Linear Regressions between Log Continous Serum and Tissue Hormones Stratified by Median Age at Blood Draw
Supplementary Table 2: Reproducibility of average tissue hormone assays by zone and overall from ... more Supplementary Table 2: Reproducibility of average tissue hormone assays by zone and overall from a pilot study of 30 men recruited at George Washington University Medical Center that included a total of 171 prostate biopsies.
Background: Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiologic studi... more Background: Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiologic studies have not provided substantiating evidence. We tested the hypothesis that circulating concentrations of sex steroid hormones reflect intraprostatic concentrations using serum and adjacent microscopically verified benign prostate tissue from prostate cancer cases.Methods: Incident localized prostate cancer cases scheduled for surgery were invited to participate. Consented participants completed surveys, and provided resected tissues and blood. Histologic assessment of the ends of fresh frozen tissue confirmed adjacent microscopically verified benign pathology. Sex steroid hormones in sera and tissues were extracted, chromatographically separated, and then quantitated by radioimmunoassays. Linear regression was used to account for variations in intraprostatic hormone concentrations by age, body mass index, race, and study site, and subsequently to assess relationships with serum hormone ...
This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Epidemiology and Biostatis... more This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Health Sciences Research Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Health Sciences Research
The survival after the diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has been steadily improving ... more The survival after the diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has been steadily improving for the past few decades. This has been due to advances in the knowledge of IBC in a number of fields, including epidemiology, molecular biology, and medical management. In this review we summarize some of the most important recent advances in these fields and suggest possible opportunities for continued improvement.
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, Jan 22, 2017
Background Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiological stud... more Background Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiological studies have not provided substantiating evidence. We tested the hypothesis that circulating concentrations of sex steroid hormones reflect intraprostatic concentrations using serum and adjacent microscopically-verified benign prostate tissue from prostate cancer cases. Methods Incident localized prostate cancer cases scheduled for surgery were invited to participate. Consented participants completed surveys, and provided resected tissues and blood. Histologic assessment of the ends of fresh frozen tissue confirmed adjacent microscopically-verified benign pathology. Sex steroid hormones in sera and tissues were extracted, chromatographically separated, and then quantitated by radioimmunoassays. Linear regression was used to account for variations in intraprostatic hormone concentrations by age, body mass index, race and study site, and subsequently to assess relationships with serum hormone ...
Prospective cohort studies of circulating sex steroid hormones and prostate cancer risk have not ... more Prospective cohort studies of circulating sex steroid hormones and prostate cancer risk have not provided a consistent association, despite evidence from animal and clinical studies. However, studies using male pattern baldness as a proxy of early‐life or cumulative androgen exposure have reported significant associations with aggressive and fatal prostate cancer risk. Given that androgens underlie the development of patterned hair loss and chest hair, we assessed whether these two dermatological characteristics were associated with circulating and intraprostatic concentrations of sex steroid hormones among men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer.
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, Jan 22, 2017
Background Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiological stud... more Background Sex hormones have been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, yet epidemiological studies have not provided substantiating evidence. We tested the hypothesis that circulating concentrations of sex steroid hormones reflect intraprostatic concentrations using serum and adjacent microscopically-verified benign prostate tissue from prostate cancer cases. Methods Incident localized prostate cancer cases scheduled for surgery were invited to participate. Consented participants completed surveys, and provided resected tissues and blood. Histologic assessment of the ends of fresh frozen tissue confirmed adjacent microscopically-verified benign pathology. Sex steroid hormones in sera and tissues were extracted, chromatographically separated, and then quantitated by radioimmunoassays. Linear regression was used to account for variations in intraprostatic hormone concentrations by age, body mass index, race and study site, and subsequently to assess relationships with serum hormone ...
We investigated a cluster of three cases of inflam-matory breast cancer (IBC) diagnosed within 10... more We investigated a cluster of three cases of inflam-matory breast cancer (IBC) diagnosed within 10 months in an office setting of 24 people. Information about medical history, pregnancy history, family history of breast cancer, oral contraceptive use/hormone replacement therapy, exposure to possible oncogenic agents and tumor promoters were obtained to determine whether there were differences in risk factors for IBC between cases and controls. The physical environment and location of the cases' office raised concern about air and water quality as well as radiation as being contributory risk factors for developing IBC. Of the three women with IBC, two had high exposures to pesticides/herbicides, all three used oral contraceptives and two used hormone replacement therapy at the time of diagnosis, two had a family history of breast cancer, and two were obese. Among fifteen controls four had pesticide/herbicide exposure, one had a family history of breast cancer, nine used oral contraceptives, seven used hormone replacement therapy, and five were obese. No specific environmental causes were established for this cluster. Several promoting factors have been suggested that could result in subclinical breast cancer emerging as IBC. Among them are exogenous hormones and exposure to herbicides/pesticides.
To assess the importance of heredity in the etiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), we comp... more To assess the importance of heredity in the etiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), we compared IBC patients to several carefully chosen comparison groups with respect to the prevalence of first-degree family history of breast cancer. IBC cases (n = 141) were compared to non-inflammatory breast cancer cases (n = 178) ascertained through George Washington University (GWU) with respect to the prevalence of first-degree family history of breast cancer and selected environmental/lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer. Similar comparisons were conducted with subjects from three case-control studies: breast cancer cases (n = 1145) and unaffected controls (n = 1142) from the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) study, breast cancer cases (n = 465) and controls (n = 9317) from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study, and ovarian cancer cases (n = 260) and controls (n = 331) from a study by University of Toronto (UT). The frequency of first-degree breast cancer fami...
Cancer clusters have long been a focus of interest because of the possibility of identifying etio... more Cancer clusters have long been a focus of interest because of the possibility of identifying etiologic agents. Only on rare occasions, however, have such cluster investigations been successful. One major difficulty in cluster investigations, particularly in the area of breast cancer, is the long latent period. There have been a number of publications providing a discouraging picture regarding cancer cluster investigations. The possibility of learning from a cluster investigation, however, is greatly increased if the cancer involved is relatively rare and if it has a short latent period. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) fits these criteria and is worth pursuing because of the strong evidence that environmental factors play a major role. In this report we describe our experience with several clusters and the lessons learned which are now being utilized to improve investigation of future IBC clusters. The first IBC cluster that we evaluated was in 2000, when we were asked to investigat...
The epidemiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has been of great interest to a number of in... more The epidemiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has been of great interest to a number of investigators, but epidemiological research has been hampered by the lack of an agreed upon case definition and the relatively small number of patients available to any single investigator or institution. Several features of IBC have become apparent through population-based studies, which, although varying somewhat in case definition, generally agree on some key features of the disease. These include the incidence of the disease, apparently less than 3% of breast cancer cases in the United States, the younger age of onset compared to non-inflammatory breast cancer, the much higher incidence in Black women compared to White, the generally poor outcome of this disease compared to non-inflammatory breast cancer, and the continued increase in reported incidence, particularly as compared with non-inflammatory breast cancer in general and locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) in particular. There is an apparent striking geographic pattern, with a higher percentage of cases reported from North Africa, best documented in Tunisia. The risk factors for developing IBC are suggested by smaller studies with concordant conclusions, and some appear to be different than the risk factors for developing breast cancer in general. For example, obesity appears to be a risk factor for premenopausal IBC but is not for premenopausal non-inflammatory breast cancer. In addition, there is evidence that a young age at first birth predisposes to IBC but is protective against developing non-inflammatory breast cancer. In some malignancies, the use of molecular markers is helpful in defining subgroups that could assist in improving case definition as well as predicting prognosis. The increasing combination of improved epidemiologic and laboratory methods will hopefully accelerate our understanding of this challenging disease.
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