Technical ReportThe first part of this report gives an overview of the state of agriculture and f... more Technical ReportThe first part of this report gives an overview of the state of agriculture and food and nutrition security (FNS) challenges for Africa in general and in particular for sub saharan Africa (SSA). Further, the report briefly assessed the general performance of the four dimensions of FNS in SSA. It also outlines the policy responses and programmes by the African governments towards achieving FNS. This was followed by describing the concept of various forms of sustainable intensification systems including the sustainable agriculture intensification systems (SAIs), agriculture extension and advisory services (EASs) and innovative institutional approaches (IIAs). In general, Part I of this report reviews the various agriculture technologies, extension and institutions approaches implemented and promoted in the past and present in Africa and other relevant regions of the world. A detailed descriptions is provided in the second part of this report by six case study countries of the InnovAfrica project.European Commissio
Corresponding Author: Girma Debele, Adami-Tullu Agricultural Research Center PO Box: 35, Ziway, E... more Corresponding Author: Girma Debele, Adami-Tullu Agricultural Research Center PO Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia. Tel: +251-464-419101, Cell: +251 911 776412, E-mail: debelegirma@gmail.com. 56 ... Effect of Different Factors on Mortality Rate of Arsi-Bale ...
The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district of East Shawa Zone of Oromia region... more The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district of East Shawa Zone of Oromia regional state to assess farmer management practice and factors affecting the health condition of small ruminant in the study areas. A semistructured questionnaire was administrated to small holder farmers in the study areas. Sixty farmers were randomly selected from Two PAs namely Anano Shisho and Edokontola and subjected to semi structured questionnaire survey. The result of the survey revealed that 56.7, 33.3, 6.7 and 1.7% of the respondents’ farmers have on average 5, 15, 25, 35 and 40 goats respectively. About 76.5% of the respondent’s farmers are used communal grazing lands during the dry and wet season of the years. The most economic important of small ruminant diseases frequently observed in the study areas were identified as PPR, Cu deficiency, Sheep Pox and Parasite. To control internal parasites 51.7% of the respondents’ farmers of the study areas deworm their goats whereas 48.3% do...
Agriculture is considered as the backbone of Ethiopian economy. The government promotes rural dev... more Agriculture is considered as the backbone of Ethiopian economy. The government promotes rural development through policies that enhance intensive and commercially-oriented agriculture. Soil quality may be the bottleneck of these ambitions as more than half of the agricultural land shows signs of land degradation. Soil organic carbon (SOC) contents are a key aspect of soil quality, where relatively high SOC contents indicate better water holding capacity, nutrient retention capacity and better structure of the soil. In this research, SOC balances were used as indicator for short and midterm changes in SOC contents. SOC balances were calculated using data collected from 6914 fields for three years (2012-2014) using a simple input-out approach. On average, SOC balances were three tons per hectare per year. This equals 4 to 7% of the total soil organic carbon stock, which varied according to regions and cropping systems. SOC depletion rates were high in the mountainous and high cultivat...
A study was conducted to analyze factors influencing adoption of wheat technology packages by sma... more A study was conducted to analyze factors influencing adoption of wheat technology packages by smallholder farmers in Gurawa, Meta and Habro districts in eastern Ethiopia. The analysis was based on a household survey data collected from 136 randomly selected households. A Two-limit Tobit model was used to elucidate factors affecting adoption of technology packages measured based on an index derived from five components of wheat technologies which included row planting, pesticide application, use of improved varieties, and application of inorganic fertilizers, namely, Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) and Urea. Among the variables included in the model, variation in district, gender, age of the household head, education status of the household head, farm size, distance to market, distance to FTC (Farmers’ Training Centers), cooperative membership, dependency ratio, and annual income of the households were found to significantly affect the adoption of wheat technology packages. Policy makers,...
The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on m... more The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on milk production and composition. The study was conducted at Haramaya University dairy research farm -using sixteen crossbred dairy cows (Zebu × HolsteinFriesian) which were assigned to two treatment groups. Each treatment group consisted of eight cows and arranged in a completely randomized experimental design. Cows in both treatment groups were provided similar supplemental concentrate ration formulated from various ingredients but fed on different basal diets which were silage and grass hay. The feeding trial was conducted for a total of 90 days. Milk yield of individual cows were recorded every day and analyzed every two weeks for its chemical composition. Data were analyzed by t-Test for means. The group of cows fed on grass hay relatively produced higher milk yield (17.1) than cows fed on silage (16.1 liters per day). The protein, total solid, solid not fat, and milk urea nitrogen co...
This study was conducted in Adami Tulu, Arsi Negelle and Fantale districts of Oromia Regional Sta... more This study was conducted in Adami Tulu, Arsi Negelle and Fantale districts of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess and identify the challenges and opportunities of goat production under farmers’ management system. For this study, 6 Peasant Associations (PA: is the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopian government structure), 2 from each district, were selected. From each PA, a group of 15 to 20 farmers were organized at each study site and different types of Participatory Rural Appraisal were conducted. The data collected were analyzed using PRA tool of pairwise rankings and results expressed in simple descriptive statistics. Goat production system in these study areas were identified as mixed crop-livestock production systems in Arsi Negelle and Adami Tulu districts. Farmers in the Fantale administrative district practiced pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems. Goat production purposes were also identified as mainly to provide milk a...
This paper examines factors determining farmers’ adoption decision for improved maize varieties i... more This paper examines factors determining farmers’ adoption decision for improved maize varieties in the maize-common bean intercropping practices in two districts of East Hararghe zone, Eastern Ethiopia. It is based on data collected from 129 farm households using structured questionnaire. Descriptive results revealed that adopters of improved maize varieties had better food and nutrition security status. Furthermore, logit model output indicated that the decision to adopt improved maize varieties is influenced by location (district) dummy, education status of the household head, age of the household head, distance from the main road, and the number of plots owned. Major recommendations include improving the rural road infrastructure, educating and training farmers, organizing experience sharing events among farmers, and raising awareness about the food and nutrition security benefits of sustainable agricultural intensification practices like intercropping improved maize with improve...
The problem addressed in this paper is the challenge of moving from formulating policy goals to a... more The problem addressed in this paper is the challenge of moving from formulating policy goals to achieving the promised results. The purpose is to assess the possible role of innovation in agriculture as a way of contributing towards achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments and the zero hunger Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2) in six African countries. Since the SDGs are high on both international and many national agendas, there is a need to increase our knowledge of how to move beyond formulating goals. The approach includes both quantitative and qualitative data from a multisite research and development project. Moving from promises in relation to policy goals such as SDG2 and the Malabo Declaration to actions that make a difference at local level is a challenging task, and COVID-19 has added negatively to that challenge. Technological and institutional innovations exist that have the potential to improve the agricultural productivity, food security, and income levels of s...
The purpose of this study was to assess women’s decision-making power in small-scale agriculture ... more The purpose of this study was to assess women’s decision-making power in small-scale agriculture in six African countries in view of the feminization of agriculture and to discuss the meaning of decision-making in relation to women’s empowerment and sustainability. The data are drawn from a multisite and mixed-method agricultural research and development project in six sub-Saharan countries including two sites in each country. The five domains of empowerment outlined in the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index are used to structure the analysis. The results indicate that in the selected sites in Malawi, Rwanda and South Africa, women farmers tend to dominate agricultural decision-making, while the result is more mixed in the Kenyan sites, and decision-making tends to be dominated by men in the sites in Tanzania and Ethiopia. Despite women participating in agricultural decision-making, the qualitative results show that women small-scale farmers were not perceived to be empowered ...
Technical ReportThe first part of this report gives an overview of the state of agriculture and f... more Technical ReportThe first part of this report gives an overview of the state of agriculture and food and nutrition security (FNS) challenges for Africa in general and in particular for sub saharan Africa (SSA). Further, the report briefly assessed the general performance of the four dimensions of FNS in SSA. It also outlines the policy responses and programmes by the African governments towards achieving FNS. This was followed by describing the concept of various forms of sustainable intensification systems including the sustainable agriculture intensification systems (SAIs), agriculture extension and advisory services (EASs) and innovative institutional approaches (IIAs). In general, Part I of this report reviews the various agriculture technologies, extension and institutions approaches implemented and promoted in the past and present in Africa and other relevant regions of the world. A detailed descriptions is provided in the second part of this report by six case study countries of the InnovAfrica project.European Commissio
Corresponding Author: Girma Debele, Adami-Tullu Agricultural Research Center PO Box: 35, Ziway, E... more Corresponding Author: Girma Debele, Adami-Tullu Agricultural Research Center PO Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia. Tel: +251-464-419101, Cell: +251 911 776412, E-mail: debelegirma@gmail.com. 56 ... Effect of Different Factors on Mortality Rate of Arsi-Bale ...
The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district of East Shawa Zone of Oromia region... more The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district of East Shawa Zone of Oromia regional state to assess farmer management practice and factors affecting the health condition of small ruminant in the study areas. A semistructured questionnaire was administrated to small holder farmers in the study areas. Sixty farmers were randomly selected from Two PAs namely Anano Shisho and Edokontola and subjected to semi structured questionnaire survey. The result of the survey revealed that 56.7, 33.3, 6.7 and 1.7% of the respondents’ farmers have on average 5, 15, 25, 35 and 40 goats respectively. About 76.5% of the respondent’s farmers are used communal grazing lands during the dry and wet season of the years. The most economic important of small ruminant diseases frequently observed in the study areas were identified as PPR, Cu deficiency, Sheep Pox and Parasite. To control internal parasites 51.7% of the respondents’ farmers of the study areas deworm their goats whereas 48.3% do...
Agriculture is considered as the backbone of Ethiopian economy. The government promotes rural dev... more Agriculture is considered as the backbone of Ethiopian economy. The government promotes rural development through policies that enhance intensive and commercially-oriented agriculture. Soil quality may be the bottleneck of these ambitions as more than half of the agricultural land shows signs of land degradation. Soil organic carbon (SOC) contents are a key aspect of soil quality, where relatively high SOC contents indicate better water holding capacity, nutrient retention capacity and better structure of the soil. In this research, SOC balances were used as indicator for short and midterm changes in SOC contents. SOC balances were calculated using data collected from 6914 fields for three years (2012-2014) using a simple input-out approach. On average, SOC balances were three tons per hectare per year. This equals 4 to 7% of the total soil organic carbon stock, which varied according to regions and cropping systems. SOC depletion rates were high in the mountainous and high cultivat...
A study was conducted to analyze factors influencing adoption of wheat technology packages by sma... more A study was conducted to analyze factors influencing adoption of wheat technology packages by smallholder farmers in Gurawa, Meta and Habro districts in eastern Ethiopia. The analysis was based on a household survey data collected from 136 randomly selected households. A Two-limit Tobit model was used to elucidate factors affecting adoption of technology packages measured based on an index derived from five components of wheat technologies which included row planting, pesticide application, use of improved varieties, and application of inorganic fertilizers, namely, Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) and Urea. Among the variables included in the model, variation in district, gender, age of the household head, education status of the household head, farm size, distance to market, distance to FTC (Farmers’ Training Centers), cooperative membership, dependency ratio, and annual income of the households were found to significantly affect the adoption of wheat technology packages. Policy makers,...
The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on m... more The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on milk production and composition. The study was conducted at Haramaya University dairy research farm -using sixteen crossbred dairy cows (Zebu × HolsteinFriesian) which were assigned to two treatment groups. Each treatment group consisted of eight cows and arranged in a completely randomized experimental design. Cows in both treatment groups were provided similar supplemental concentrate ration formulated from various ingredients but fed on different basal diets which were silage and grass hay. The feeding trial was conducted for a total of 90 days. Milk yield of individual cows were recorded every day and analyzed every two weeks for its chemical composition. Data were analyzed by t-Test for means. The group of cows fed on grass hay relatively produced higher milk yield (17.1) than cows fed on silage (16.1 liters per day). The protein, total solid, solid not fat, and milk urea nitrogen co...
This study was conducted in Adami Tulu, Arsi Negelle and Fantale districts of Oromia Regional Sta... more This study was conducted in Adami Tulu, Arsi Negelle and Fantale districts of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess and identify the challenges and opportunities of goat production under farmers’ management system. For this study, 6 Peasant Associations (PA: is the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopian government structure), 2 from each district, were selected. From each PA, a group of 15 to 20 farmers were organized at each study site and different types of Participatory Rural Appraisal were conducted. The data collected were analyzed using PRA tool of pairwise rankings and results expressed in simple descriptive statistics. Goat production system in these study areas were identified as mixed crop-livestock production systems in Arsi Negelle and Adami Tulu districts. Farmers in the Fantale administrative district practiced pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems. Goat production purposes were also identified as mainly to provide milk a...
This paper examines factors determining farmers’ adoption decision for improved maize varieties i... more This paper examines factors determining farmers’ adoption decision for improved maize varieties in the maize-common bean intercropping practices in two districts of East Hararghe zone, Eastern Ethiopia. It is based on data collected from 129 farm households using structured questionnaire. Descriptive results revealed that adopters of improved maize varieties had better food and nutrition security status. Furthermore, logit model output indicated that the decision to adopt improved maize varieties is influenced by location (district) dummy, education status of the household head, age of the household head, distance from the main road, and the number of plots owned. Major recommendations include improving the rural road infrastructure, educating and training farmers, organizing experience sharing events among farmers, and raising awareness about the food and nutrition security benefits of sustainable agricultural intensification practices like intercropping improved maize with improve...
The problem addressed in this paper is the challenge of moving from formulating policy goals to a... more The problem addressed in this paper is the challenge of moving from formulating policy goals to achieving the promised results. The purpose is to assess the possible role of innovation in agriculture as a way of contributing towards achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments and the zero hunger Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2) in six African countries. Since the SDGs are high on both international and many national agendas, there is a need to increase our knowledge of how to move beyond formulating goals. The approach includes both quantitative and qualitative data from a multisite research and development project. Moving from promises in relation to policy goals such as SDG2 and the Malabo Declaration to actions that make a difference at local level is a challenging task, and COVID-19 has added negatively to that challenge. Technological and institutional innovations exist that have the potential to improve the agricultural productivity, food security, and income levels of s...
The purpose of this study was to assess women’s decision-making power in small-scale agriculture ... more The purpose of this study was to assess women’s decision-making power in small-scale agriculture in six African countries in view of the feminization of agriculture and to discuss the meaning of decision-making in relation to women’s empowerment and sustainability. The data are drawn from a multisite and mixed-method agricultural research and development project in six sub-Saharan countries including two sites in each country. The five domains of empowerment outlined in the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index are used to structure the analysis. The results indicate that in the selected sites in Malawi, Rwanda and South Africa, women farmers tend to dominate agricultural decision-making, while the result is more mixed in the Kenyan sites, and decision-making tends to be dominated by men in the sites in Tanzania and Ethiopia. Despite women participating in agricultural decision-making, the qualitative results show that women small-scale farmers were not perceived to be empowered ...
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