Ian Tan
I am one of the regional leads for research in Arup. I hold a PhD in Architecture.
At work, I delve into design research, community placemaking, and whereever I could, I share my knowledge and passion in Architectural Conservation! Above all, I share onebite's visions of creating positive impact through design, be it facilitating a workshop or managing a multi-year construction project. I work closely with an amazing community of architects, designers, community outreach managers, and researchers to bridge the gaps between academic theories and actual placemaking practices involving community stakeholders, collaborators, and other project proponents.
I split time between the Hong Kong headquarters while keeping an eye out and my suitcase ready to explore emerging design and placemaking trends in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and beyond.
Having the opportunity to travel also allows me to indulge in my other identity as a recent PhD doctorate at the Department of Architecture HKU where I worked on research that traced the development of iron and steel architecture during the 19th and 20th centuries. Through my research, I developed a strong interest in the planning of colonial port cities and how it impacted the design and planning of modern cityscapes such as Singapore, Hong Kong, and Shanghai where we could still enjoy a blend of old and new districts offering contemporary conveniences and the retention of local flavours and sentiments.
I am always open to work collaborations, joint academic research, or even sharing my knowledge in architectural conservation, cultural tourism, and heritage placemaking. However, teaching and doing research talks have a downside -- they made me more long-winded!
At work, I delve into design research, community placemaking, and whereever I could, I share my knowledge and passion in Architectural Conservation! Above all, I share onebite's visions of creating positive impact through design, be it facilitating a workshop or managing a multi-year construction project. I work closely with an amazing community of architects, designers, community outreach managers, and researchers to bridge the gaps between academic theories and actual placemaking practices involving community stakeholders, collaborators, and other project proponents.
I split time between the Hong Kong headquarters while keeping an eye out and my suitcase ready to explore emerging design and placemaking trends in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and beyond.
Having the opportunity to travel also allows me to indulge in my other identity as a recent PhD doctorate at the Department of Architecture HKU where I worked on research that traced the development of iron and steel architecture during the 19th and 20th centuries. Through my research, I developed a strong interest in the planning of colonial port cities and how it impacted the design and planning of modern cityscapes such as Singapore, Hong Kong, and Shanghai where we could still enjoy a blend of old and new districts offering contemporary conveniences and the retention of local flavours and sentiments.
I am always open to work collaborations, joint academic research, or even sharing my knowledge in architectural conservation, cultural tourism, and heritage placemaking. However, teaching and doing research talks have a downside -- they made me more long-winded!
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Videos by Ian Tan
1) Introduction: “OCNC Final Presentation; Place/Site; Participant’s name, 4 December 2021”
2) Site: Show boundaries and larger geographic context. The site’s name should be included on this slide.
3) Historical Background and Description: Brief description of the site’s history, its character, and summary of its current condition / context.
4) Statement of Significance: Provide a brief statement of significance and the heritage values embodied by the site.
5) Contributory Elements: What are they (tangible/intangible) and which heritage values do they embody? Note: you may wish to use additional slides for this section, with representative images of each type of element.
6) Current Heritage Planning Frameworks: Are there heritage controls at the national, state, and local levels? Other controls? Are these controls adequate?
7) Constraints: What are they?
8) Opportunities: What are they?
9) Vision: State your vision for the site
Paper Presentation on One Month, One Year, One Lifetime: Deepening engagement for young people in Sukhothai World Heritage Site by Ian Tan, PhD Candidate, University of Hong Kong
為彌合這個知識差異,我的研究希望探討19世紀後期至20世紀早期建築發展和檢疫站的歷史。這些檢疫站位於香港的昂船洲和荔枝角,以及新加坡的。位於香港荔枝角及新加坡隔離站於20世紀初建成,是當時世界最大的隔離站之一。隔離站規模媲美三藩市的中文(Angel Island),及悉尼的悉尼北部 (North Head),以作移民者出入,或過境內陸地區主要通道之用。
我將會分享檢疫站的建築設計和物料,尤其鐵如何運用在兩個城市檢疫站中消毒站、隔離病房。我的研究將指出建築在過往檢疫的功能 - 作為不僅於工具來控制生物入境,阻隔無形疾病的防線。同時,檢疫站的設立和規劃與殖民地政治,亞洲移民與殖民管治者之間的文化差異息息相關,同時亦點出兩城對醫療發展而實施的衛生政策產生單薄的反抗。
The free and robust exchange of goods, capital, ideas, and people is oft repeated as the key factor behind the success of Asian entrepôt cities such as Hong Kong and Singapore. However, the processes and mechanisms that enabled the smooth operations of global shipping lanes during the late 19th century and the architectural spaces designed to enable these processes had received far less scholarly attention. To bridge this gap, my research delves into the architectural development and history of quarantine stations built in the late 19th century.
Published Book Chapters and Journals by Ian Tan
My research explores how iron served as a key material component in structures beyond those typically considered as constitutive of the built environment, including quotidian infrastructure such as lighthouses, quarantine stations, godowns for storage, markets, as well as religious and cultural edifices such as churches and printing houses. These iron structures, as my study argues, also emerged as a crucial mediator between different constituencies of colonial societies throughout Asia, including between native merchants and colonial administrators, foreign missionaries and their local congregations, as well as western-trained building professionals and Asian craftsmen, among other relationships. As such, this thesis goes beyond recounting a history of iron as a key material for these imported structures and emergent technologies. Instead, I study the material culture of iron to expand the perceived purview and limitation of iron’s influence in architectural history. In doing so, my work re-examines the significance and developmental trajectory of the material and reveals why it should be reconsidered and given more attention within not only architectural history, but the history of colonial port cities.
Iron’s unique material, structural, and representational properties, including its superior compression and tensile strength, its ability to span longer distances compared to other materials, as well as its lower probability of fire damage, made it a vital connective force not simply in architecture, but as an essential scaffolding to support the vast communication and mobility networks facilitating the movement of tangible goods, people, and capital, as well as intangible knowledge and ideas between sea and land since the 19th century. My research challenges deterministic models of architectural development entrenched in architectural historiography, and in particular, the entrenched notion of iron’s development primarily focused on Britain and Europe, with Asian colonies serving as passive and peripheral receivers of this material and building technology. By tracing a much more complex trans-regional history of how the social and urban environments of Singapore, Hong Kong, and other port cities were negotiated and shaped through maritime and trade connections, my work expands beyond our current understanding of iron’s influence on global architectural production beyond the Eurocentric spatiotemporal framework of the Industrial Revolution. As I argue, iron acquired a range of positive attributes over time related to presumptions of dependability and durability, including progress, mobility, security, grandeur, and sanitation. Such representational elasticity made iron a vital and uniquely modern material in the literal and figural construction of mercantilism systems and colonial governance in the 19th and early 20th century.
Municipal markets were important sites not only to sell produce and fresh meats. They also fulfilled important representational objectives as sites of governance and health control in a colonial city. My paper posits iron as essential in performing this semiotic role. Iron, and other industrial building materials such as glazed tiles, were believed to be resistant to diseases just as they could withstand fire and water. It offered an alternative to masonry and timber in curbing the spread of miasma and germs through building materials and structural improvements.
It will examine three aspects instrumental to the transplantation of the western market model in an Asian context. First, establishing a link between the environment and the decision to adopt iron and its engineering technology and knowledge; second, analysing how the epistemological shift from miasma to germ theory impacted architecture; and third, evaluating the influence of sanitary specialists as key proponents shaping the urban environment.
Ian Tan, « Isabella Jackson, Shaping Modern Shanghai: Colonialism in China’s Global City », ABE Journal [En ligne], 14-15 | 2019, mis en ligne le 28 juillet 2019, consulté le 26 mai 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/abe/5724
Conference Papers by Ian Tan
Given one of its key objectives to carry out sanitary reforms in the cause of public health and public morality, the Municipal Commission also oversaw the construction of markets not only to serve the community’s daily needs, but also to remove itinerant and unlicensed hawkers from the streets and to reform vendors’ behaviour to inculcate good personal hygiene to prevent diseases. Within a decade of its formation, the commission constructed four new markets, all of which used iron as the main structural material. This paper will delve into three aspects important in understanding the transplantation of the western market into an Asian context and answer why iron was featured prominently. Firstly, by understanding the geographical location of markets to establish a link between the environment and the municipality’s decision to import prefabricated building materials instead of using local ones. Secondly, by analysing how changes in sanitary theories and the subsequent shift from miasma to germ theory affected architectural designs and lastly, by evaluating the significance of sanitary specialists and municipal engineers as key proponents of the built environment before the arrival of architects.
The research is part of my ongoing PhD research on the history and development of iron architecture in colonial Asian port cities, understanding iron's significance in transforming the urban environment, particularly how the use of iron in modern building types shaped the experience of modernity.
Studying the two market buildings, namely Central Market (中環街市) and Western Market (上環街市), becomes a means to problematise two popular but seemingly opposing viewpoints of colonial architecture which either privileged British colonisers as the herald of modernisation in the colonies or vilified them as conquerors who had reduced rich indigenous building culture and everyday practices into facsimiles of English buildings topped with token vernacular ornaments. Instead, I propose an alternative reading of colonial modernity as a contested arena where different segments of the colonial society negotiated and contested for the most favourable political conditions and capitalist opportunities. This impacted the 19th and early 20th-century built environment, particularly for port cities which served as important gateways between the hinterlands and metropolis, exchanging not just goods, labour and capital, but also ideals, culture and social norms.
While business districts and infrastructure networks are constantly renewed to meet economic demands, ageing New Towns face a quagmire between redevelopment and retention. On one hand, redevelopment revitalises ageing estates, providing a more pleasant living environment for residents. On the other hand, a well-established estate contains strong community bonds many associate with a sense of belonging and nostalgic recollections of the “good old days”.
In recent years, both government bodies and community groups in Hong Kong and Singapore had attempted to capture the living heritage of first generation New Towns through housing galleries and community museums. Although they build narratives upon similar institutional history, I argue that different parties construct specific heritage narratives to reflect their current concerns. By drawing upon participatory research in two public housing estates in Hong Kong and Singapore, namely Shek Kip Mei and Queenstown, I posit heritage interpretation has become an effective tool not just for education, but also in achieving current economic and social objectives which ultimately informs the future development of public housing and New Towns.
The term godown originates from the Malay word “gadong”, referring to storage buildings. Contrary to the general perception that such buildings only had an utilitarian purpose, this paper reveals a much richer
relationship between the users and usage of these spaces and the resultant building form. In particular, it will relate the different phases of godowns’ architectural development to the changing roles of Chinese merchants, starting as middlemen in entrepot trade during the 19th
century to the formation of dialect-based banking conglomerates in the early 20th century.
Through the introduction of key examples of ironmongery in Singapore, this paper will trace the provenance of cast iron technology vis-à-vis Singapore’s history as a colonial port, regional node for Christian missionaries and, towards end 19th and early 20th century, a new homeland for immigrant entrepreneurs to mimic and create local hybrids of “western” architectural and ornamental cast iron goods.
On a global scale, the speaker will show how engineering technology from Britain was exported to colonies during the 19th and 20th century while the macro scale will involve a deeper understanding of Singapore River's urban morphology. These parts will focus on the significance of the historical bridges to urban development in Singapore colonial town and show how 19th and 20th century bridges fulfilled Singapore's development needs.
At the micro scale, we will look back in history at the structural systems of these five historical bridges in relation to other contemporary bridges. Looking forward to the future, the speaker will highlight how these bridge structures are still continually evolving to cope with increasing loads from motorised vehicles and activities after the 20 th century. Beyond the bridges' functional qualities, the paper will show how the bridges could be appreciated beyond its historical and aesthetics qualities.
1) Introduction: “OCNC Final Presentation; Place/Site; Participant’s name, 4 December 2021”
2) Site: Show boundaries and larger geographic context. The site’s name should be included on this slide.
3) Historical Background and Description: Brief description of the site’s history, its character, and summary of its current condition / context.
4) Statement of Significance: Provide a brief statement of significance and the heritage values embodied by the site.
5) Contributory Elements: What are they (tangible/intangible) and which heritage values do they embody? Note: you may wish to use additional slides for this section, with representative images of each type of element.
6) Current Heritage Planning Frameworks: Are there heritage controls at the national, state, and local levels? Other controls? Are these controls adequate?
7) Constraints: What are they?
8) Opportunities: What are they?
9) Vision: State your vision for the site
Paper Presentation on One Month, One Year, One Lifetime: Deepening engagement for young people in Sukhothai World Heritage Site by Ian Tan, PhD Candidate, University of Hong Kong
為彌合這個知識差異,我的研究希望探討19世紀後期至20世紀早期建築發展和檢疫站的歷史。這些檢疫站位於香港的昂船洲和荔枝角,以及新加坡的。位於香港荔枝角及新加坡隔離站於20世紀初建成,是當時世界最大的隔離站之一。隔離站規模媲美三藩市的中文(Angel Island),及悉尼的悉尼北部 (North Head),以作移民者出入,或過境內陸地區主要通道之用。
我將會分享檢疫站的建築設計和物料,尤其鐵如何運用在兩個城市檢疫站中消毒站、隔離病房。我的研究將指出建築在過往檢疫的功能 - 作為不僅於工具來控制生物入境,阻隔無形疾病的防線。同時,檢疫站的設立和規劃與殖民地政治,亞洲移民與殖民管治者之間的文化差異息息相關,同時亦點出兩城對醫療發展而實施的衛生政策產生單薄的反抗。
The free and robust exchange of goods, capital, ideas, and people is oft repeated as the key factor behind the success of Asian entrepôt cities such as Hong Kong and Singapore. However, the processes and mechanisms that enabled the smooth operations of global shipping lanes during the late 19th century and the architectural spaces designed to enable these processes had received far less scholarly attention. To bridge this gap, my research delves into the architectural development and history of quarantine stations built in the late 19th century.
My research explores how iron served as a key material component in structures beyond those typically considered as constitutive of the built environment, including quotidian infrastructure such as lighthouses, quarantine stations, godowns for storage, markets, as well as religious and cultural edifices such as churches and printing houses. These iron structures, as my study argues, also emerged as a crucial mediator between different constituencies of colonial societies throughout Asia, including between native merchants and colonial administrators, foreign missionaries and their local congregations, as well as western-trained building professionals and Asian craftsmen, among other relationships. As such, this thesis goes beyond recounting a history of iron as a key material for these imported structures and emergent technologies. Instead, I study the material culture of iron to expand the perceived purview and limitation of iron’s influence in architectural history. In doing so, my work re-examines the significance and developmental trajectory of the material and reveals why it should be reconsidered and given more attention within not only architectural history, but the history of colonial port cities.
Iron’s unique material, structural, and representational properties, including its superior compression and tensile strength, its ability to span longer distances compared to other materials, as well as its lower probability of fire damage, made it a vital connective force not simply in architecture, but as an essential scaffolding to support the vast communication and mobility networks facilitating the movement of tangible goods, people, and capital, as well as intangible knowledge and ideas between sea and land since the 19th century. My research challenges deterministic models of architectural development entrenched in architectural historiography, and in particular, the entrenched notion of iron’s development primarily focused on Britain and Europe, with Asian colonies serving as passive and peripheral receivers of this material and building technology. By tracing a much more complex trans-regional history of how the social and urban environments of Singapore, Hong Kong, and other port cities were negotiated and shaped through maritime and trade connections, my work expands beyond our current understanding of iron’s influence on global architectural production beyond the Eurocentric spatiotemporal framework of the Industrial Revolution. As I argue, iron acquired a range of positive attributes over time related to presumptions of dependability and durability, including progress, mobility, security, grandeur, and sanitation. Such representational elasticity made iron a vital and uniquely modern material in the literal and figural construction of mercantilism systems and colonial governance in the 19th and early 20th century.
Municipal markets were important sites not only to sell produce and fresh meats. They also fulfilled important representational objectives as sites of governance and health control in a colonial city. My paper posits iron as essential in performing this semiotic role. Iron, and other industrial building materials such as glazed tiles, were believed to be resistant to diseases just as they could withstand fire and water. It offered an alternative to masonry and timber in curbing the spread of miasma and germs through building materials and structural improvements.
It will examine three aspects instrumental to the transplantation of the western market model in an Asian context. First, establishing a link between the environment and the decision to adopt iron and its engineering technology and knowledge; second, analysing how the epistemological shift from miasma to germ theory impacted architecture; and third, evaluating the influence of sanitary specialists as key proponents shaping the urban environment.
Ian Tan, « Isabella Jackson, Shaping Modern Shanghai: Colonialism in China’s Global City », ABE Journal [En ligne], 14-15 | 2019, mis en ligne le 28 juillet 2019, consulté le 26 mai 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/abe/5724
Given one of its key objectives to carry out sanitary reforms in the cause of public health and public morality, the Municipal Commission also oversaw the construction of markets not only to serve the community’s daily needs, but also to remove itinerant and unlicensed hawkers from the streets and to reform vendors’ behaviour to inculcate good personal hygiene to prevent diseases. Within a decade of its formation, the commission constructed four new markets, all of which used iron as the main structural material. This paper will delve into three aspects important in understanding the transplantation of the western market into an Asian context and answer why iron was featured prominently. Firstly, by understanding the geographical location of markets to establish a link between the environment and the municipality’s decision to import prefabricated building materials instead of using local ones. Secondly, by analysing how changes in sanitary theories and the subsequent shift from miasma to germ theory affected architectural designs and lastly, by evaluating the significance of sanitary specialists and municipal engineers as key proponents of the built environment before the arrival of architects.
The research is part of my ongoing PhD research on the history and development of iron architecture in colonial Asian port cities, understanding iron's significance in transforming the urban environment, particularly how the use of iron in modern building types shaped the experience of modernity.
Studying the two market buildings, namely Central Market (中環街市) and Western Market (上環街市), becomes a means to problematise two popular but seemingly opposing viewpoints of colonial architecture which either privileged British colonisers as the herald of modernisation in the colonies or vilified them as conquerors who had reduced rich indigenous building culture and everyday practices into facsimiles of English buildings topped with token vernacular ornaments. Instead, I propose an alternative reading of colonial modernity as a contested arena where different segments of the colonial society negotiated and contested for the most favourable political conditions and capitalist opportunities. This impacted the 19th and early 20th-century built environment, particularly for port cities which served as important gateways between the hinterlands and metropolis, exchanging not just goods, labour and capital, but also ideals, culture and social norms.
While business districts and infrastructure networks are constantly renewed to meet economic demands, ageing New Towns face a quagmire between redevelopment and retention. On one hand, redevelopment revitalises ageing estates, providing a more pleasant living environment for residents. On the other hand, a well-established estate contains strong community bonds many associate with a sense of belonging and nostalgic recollections of the “good old days”.
In recent years, both government bodies and community groups in Hong Kong and Singapore had attempted to capture the living heritage of first generation New Towns through housing galleries and community museums. Although they build narratives upon similar institutional history, I argue that different parties construct specific heritage narratives to reflect their current concerns. By drawing upon participatory research in two public housing estates in Hong Kong and Singapore, namely Shek Kip Mei and Queenstown, I posit heritage interpretation has become an effective tool not just for education, but also in achieving current economic and social objectives which ultimately informs the future development of public housing and New Towns.
The term godown originates from the Malay word “gadong”, referring to storage buildings. Contrary to the general perception that such buildings only had an utilitarian purpose, this paper reveals a much richer
relationship between the users and usage of these spaces and the resultant building form. In particular, it will relate the different phases of godowns’ architectural development to the changing roles of Chinese merchants, starting as middlemen in entrepot trade during the 19th
century to the formation of dialect-based banking conglomerates in the early 20th century.
Through the introduction of key examples of ironmongery in Singapore, this paper will trace the provenance of cast iron technology vis-à-vis Singapore’s history as a colonial port, regional node for Christian missionaries and, towards end 19th and early 20th century, a new homeland for immigrant entrepreneurs to mimic and create local hybrids of “western” architectural and ornamental cast iron goods.
On a global scale, the speaker will show how engineering technology from Britain was exported to colonies during the 19th and 20th century while the macro scale will involve a deeper understanding of Singapore River's urban morphology. These parts will focus on the significance of the historical bridges to urban development in Singapore colonial town and show how 19th and 20th century bridges fulfilled Singapore's development needs.
At the micro scale, we will look back in history at the structural systems of these five historical bridges in relation to other contemporary bridges. Looking forward to the future, the speaker will highlight how these bridge structures are still continually evolving to cope with increasing loads from motorised vehicles and activities after the 20 th century. Beyond the bridges' functional qualities, the paper will show how the bridges could be appreciated beyond its historical and aesthetics qualities.
To counteract the adverse effects of mass tourism to WHS and historical parks, the involvement of local communities is important. As the management of WHS often takes a governmental top-down approach, managers may overlook local cultural context and sentiments in administration. Local stakeholders’ involvement will help to inform and avoid cultural misunderstandings and possible pitfalls, as well as provide useful inputs in terms of site management and tourism impact mitigation.3
This article serves as a suggested focus area for the Cultural Heritage Management group at the Sukhothai International Cultural Tourism Expert Symposium 2013. This article will look at the relationship between WHS management, tourism impact and the involvement of the local community. Using available literature and web resources, it focuses on the role of buffer zone as a possible component to fostering stronger local involvement and protecting the Outstanding Universal Values (OUV) of Sukhothai Historical Park
Even though the protest died down without halting the construction of the statue and the temple, issues particular to the management of such transnational heritage sites was bought to the forefront. Firstly, what types of development are considered sensitive and appropriate for sites that embodied shared heritage and strong emotions; secondly how does tourist development affect the the war heritage and local identity of Tha Makham.
Drawing from the conference’s discussion theme “Does heritage shape tourism or does tourism shape cultural heritage”, this paper will show how the town, Tha Makham in Kanchanaburi, Thailand was first conceived as a representation of the bridge in the movie “The Bridge on the River Kwai”. It will then highlight examples of how elements of war heritage are appropriated to attract international and local visitors. Lastly, the paper will look at the two approaches for tourism espoused by various stakeholders, a conservation-driven approach versus a profit-driven one.
our heritage, our identity and our soul.
In remembering the 30 years and thinking about the future, we take a brief glimpse into the personal reflections and experiences of some of the individuals who wrestled with the unknown, walked the ground and opened up our worlds to new possibilities at
poignant milestones.
We also step into the shoes of those whose lives and identities are intimately intertwined with our built heritage and what this
means for them.
While we cannot comprehensively cover countless more individuals, stories and conservation milestones over 30 years, we hope this brief special supplement will serve as an inspiration for continued collective and personal contributions in shaping Singapore’s conservation efforts.
en route to China and India. This, coupled with the advancement in steamship technology, resulted in the
construction of five historical bridges over the Singapore River to support the influx of trade.
Frequent reconstruction of the bridges during the Crown Colony period and the successive changes of construction materials used, from timber to iron to reinforced concrete, highlighted the increasing load and
traffic the bridges had to handle as entrepot trade prospered. In the absence of the bustling river trade
and lighters, the restored bridges no longer relate to their original urban contexts but have become historical
references to the growth of the city we know today.
environment and conservation specialists will be an attractive proposition for heritage practitioners around the world to be accredited.
Ian Tan is a new full member of the IHBC.
As a former colony, Singapore assimilates its familiarity with Asian cultures with concepts of museum governance based on western principles. Hence, it presents an interesting paradigm on reconsidering the sensitive treatment of human remains displays in museums.
Written by E.F. Schumacher
Published by Blond and Briggs Ltd. 1973 (First Edition)
Urban Loopholes: Creative Alliances of Spatial Production in
Shanghai’s City Centre
Written by Ying Zhou
Published by Birkhauser Publishing, 2017
Written by Sharon Siddique
Published by Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Innovative Cities, 2016
Bean Buro focused on hardware (for air quality, acoustics and lighting)
and heartware (for a sense of community) to achieve a satisfying space.
This talk aims to introduce this landmark feature of village planning in Southern China, and secondly, to articulate the importance of such a traditional practice in relation to cultural landscape management and nature-based solutions practiced in rural communities, and to juxtapose the management of Feng Shui woods with the construction and conservation of Hakka architecture in Singapore, and demonstrate how cultural heritage policies continue to emphasize building form and architectural style over the holistic understanding of landform and traditional practice.
online course for Southeast Asian urban planners and architects examining methodologies, practical tools, and techniques for the conservation of historic places. First held in Penang, Malaysia in 2018, this course moves online for 2021.
Course Description
Created for mid-career urban planners and architects from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, this course seeks to teach participants how to manage the challenges of a historic site in their respective cities. Topics to be addressed include:
- Examination of international approaches, including Historic
Urban Landscape (HUL)
- Documentation of tangible and intangible heritage assets, including cultural mapping Identification of cultural significance of historic places, resulting in a statement of significance
- Heritage economics, related to cultural capital and sustainability
Infill development in historic areas
- Goals, strategies and components of an urban conservation plan, resulting in participants’ drafting a plan for a specific site
The Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, particularly the "six steps'' and "four tools," will be used as a key methodology to demonstrate how useful they are in sustainable urban conservation. The course will also explore the meaning and implications of sustainability concerning the United Nations Habitat-III sustainable development goals.