Sosical Science

The awareness of awakening and efforts in reviving the customary law of indigenous communities in Indonesia has been going on for a long time, at least  since the end of the reign of the New Order Regime. Customary law as one of  the authentic capital of indigenous communities is a reflection of the existence  of multicultural principles that have actually existed and been part of the Indonesian society. This work explores the case of cutomary law in West Kalimantan  on Katab Kebahan’s practices in Melawi which is potential to be included to the  National law. The role of customary law in the life of the multicultural society,  like West Kalimantan society, in the modern era should be aligned with the  history of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia which was founded by  the best children of the nations that agreed to establish a state based on the supremacy of law. Customary law is part of the state law. Therefore, there is s need  to think of a proper format for the position and the role of customary law in the  Indonesian legal system for the prosperity of society based on equality before the  law and justice in accordance with the ideals of the nation. This paper suggests  that, as an alternative as to where we might put the position of customary law  in a multicultural nation today, we can take the example from patterns made  by several countries that have adopted Restorative Justice systems with the main  principles that the law is a device to resolve the problems in a just and fair way  and with the awareness to return all the problems to the perspective of the law  for the common good.

Key words: cutomary law, mulitcultural society, restorative, justice

This article discusses the social construction of culture and inter-ethnic relations within the daily lives of the people of West Kalimantan. Religion and ethnicity have played central roles in the identity dynamics of its multi-ethnic communities; they have also contributed to communal conflicts, with religious and cultural sentiments common throughout the region. Islam has become an important religion in West Kalimantan, as it is practiced by more than half of the province's

In the past people identified the dayak, especially sub ethnic of Kanayatn as Christians or Catholics. By the time and the rapid progress of the Kanayatn communities in their religious aspect, there was also a change of faith. Since the 1980s several Kanayatn people started converting to Islam or mualaf. To reveal how the existence of those who live as minority Muslims in the midst of the Kanayatn who are still Christian or Catholic, this study was done using a qualitative approach with a case study design. The location of the study was in the remote area in West Kalimantan, precisely in Sidas Village, Sengah Temilah District, Landak Regency.  Result of the study showed that after the Kanayatn people converted to Islam, they are experiencing a breakdown of identity. Their existence is accepted by halfhearted both by the Kanayatn and Malay communities. The Malay community in general are still perpetuating them as "converts". Meanwhile the Kanayatn community (Christian community) considers them as Malay or descendant of Malay. Nevertheless, Kanayatn people who convert to Islam try to maintain their identity as Kanayatn people who are Muslim or in short Muslim Kanayatn. Other findings show that as the minority where they are lack of religious guidance, the Muslim community of Sidas Village must be smart in responding to the situation so that they can survive and coexist peacefully among of the  Christian majority.

Since the early 20th century, villages in the city of Yogyakarta has started to become villages of tourism following the government promoting tourism in the region. Originally carrying local and cultural identities, those villages appear to be touristic, accommodating the needs of the visitors. This work attempts to explore how this social phenomenon happening to two urban villages within the city namely Kampung Kauman and Kampung Prawirotaman. It focuses on explaining how the villagers actively play their roles in the neighborhood in social and cultural processes within the new environment and physical space. The appropriate data found in the field is analyzed accordingly to the research questions by employing a qualitative approach. The work suggests that cultural identity has changed in these two urban villages as a result of the influence of external values promoting the redefinition and redesign of public and social space. Besides, it also finds that delegitimization of the identity of Kampung and communality dislocation has occurred due to tourism purposes. The new formulation of the Kampung does not only reflect the emergence of new ideology and tradition but also stimulate resistance, conflict, and negotiation. This study recommends the importance of mentoring programs from the strategic stakeholders for better space and cultural transformation leading to the prevention of the damage of local wisdom basis within urban communities. Sejak awal abad ke-20 kampung-kampung di Yogyakarta menjadi kampung wisata, sejalan dengan giatnya usaha pemerintah menguatkan sektor tersebut. Kampung yang semula memiliki identitas lokal kultural berubah menjadi kampung turistik yang ditata sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengunjung. Tulisan ini mengkaji pengalaman perubahan yang terjadi pada dua kampung yang terletak di dalam kota (kampung kota), yaitu Kampung Kauman dan Kampung Prawirotaman. Penelitian dititikberartkan pada usaha menjawab bagaimana manusia men-jalankan perannya secara aktif dalam suatu lingkungan dan ruang fisik dalam suatu proses sosial budaya. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, data-data yang dihasilkan dianalisis untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan penelitian yang diajukan. Diasumsikan bahwa identitas budaya berubah di kedua kampung tersebut sejalan dengan masuknya pengaruh luar yang menyebabkan penataan ulang ruang fisik dan ruang sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya deligitimasi identitas kampung dan dislokasi komunalitas akibat dari penataan kampung dalam rangka tujuan wisata. Kampung yang terbentuk tidak hanya merefleksikan hadirnya ideologi dan tradisi baru, tetapi juga merefleksikan resistensi, konflik dan negosiasi yang terjadi dalam ruang kampung yang baru. Tulisan ini menyarankan perlunya pendampingan pihak-pihak terkait (stakeholders) dalam transformasi ruang dan kebudayaan sehingga dapat menghindari hancurnya basis-basis kearifan dalam komunitas kota.

Anthropology is the study of mankind (anthropos). Etymologically, anthropology comes from the word anthropos meaning man and logos meaning knowledge. Anthropology looks at humans as something complex in terms of physical, emotional, social, and cultural complexity. Anthropology also refers to the science of humans and their culture.

As the world is increasingly globalized, culture and human thought are developing in a different way because it is shaped by culture and climate of the local environment. In the West, in particular, Muslims confront the issues currently generated by the culture and philosophy of Western civilization which is very different in terms of the frame of thought. Therefore, to be adapted to the Western/European environment and so Islam will be able to grow, the modification of the format without changing the original teachings of Islam are highly required. Even this method is very suitable based on dynamic Islam. Tariq Ramadan, indeed, is seen as a prominent Muslim thinker who attempt to explore the historical tradition of Islam, or the Prophet’s biography, to be applied to the western/European tradition whose typical civilization might prevent Islam from flourishing if global Islamic values are not applied to the current world. In other words, if the same methods are used as practiced in ...

The article is based on the fact that “jomlo” or being single has become a new trend as a sociological pheno­menon and the product of the practice of hijrah within the life of Muslim youth, especially Indonesian Muslim students. The concept of dating for those who practice the "men-jomlo" is very important in this work today. They, in fact, have unintentionally started to create a new culture of being njomlo although they are not being involved in a community designed for those practicing njomlo. This work attempts to provide analytical discussions on the concept of dating according to the students who practice the njomlo, what they mean by jomlo to halal, and their motivation to practice the njomlo. With the support of qualitative data, the work provides important findings on the practice of njomlo by the students of IAIN Pontianak. First, generally, the students agree that dating tends to lead to negative than positive attitudes so that they decide to choose being single...

The sudies on the issues related to communities in the interior of West Kalimantan begin to take place when Dutch and other European scholars in the colonial period came to the region. But they have been limitedly documented. The amount of research by local and foreign scholars in the region is still not significant when compared to that of research in Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei which are also situated on the island of Borneo. In fact, the natural wealth, cultural heritage and the rural communities of West Kalimantan need serious attention and studies for the purpose of the development of the region. In addition, local elements such as human and cutural resources may become potential supports of development to improve the welfare of the communities. This study highlights the significant contribution of religious and cultural aspects within the communities living around the upper Kapuas riverside. Acculturation of local and Islamic cultures have occurred since the advent of Islam into...

Instead of being known as the “City of Tasbih”, nowadays Singkawang is either known as the “City of Amoy (Chinese girls)” or the “City of Thousand ChineseTemples”. Cap Go Meh annually International Festival is another evidence of Chinese image making towards the city.  This indicates a sort of Chinese domination that must be studied, economically, politically, and socially. Furthermore, the research aims to explore the dynamics of Chinese Counterpart especially the Muslim Business elites' challenge such as ironic the ongoing dominating development. To explore the dynamics, in-depth interviews were held. Key figures among Muslim businessmen, Chinese elites, government officials, even laypeople were questioned in order to obtain a clear description and balanced analysis of possible biases and perspectives of the interviewees. Quantitative data are analyzed and discussed.  In short, the research’s findings are: The desire of an Islamic Singkawang is still intact, driven mainly by M...

The growing radical and extreme ideologies recently are not only a concern but also a threat to the social relations of harmony and human peace, including in the border region of Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan. It is important to spread moderate Islamic teaching to counter this extreme ideology to the people in the border region of Kapuas Hulu. This research examines the roles of religious leaders and religious institutions in disseminating moderate Islam in the border region of Kapuas Hulu to counter the growing influence of radical-extremism. This research employs a qualitative method and the data from field research is presented descriptively. This research shows that religious leaders and religious institutions exist in almost every sub-district in the border region. They teach messages of Islamic moderation that include four principles namely the concept of tawasuth-moderate, tawazun-equality, tasamuh-tolerant, and i`tidal. This principle must be strengthened as a foundation in behavi...

Along with scientific development and technological growth which have created a lot of convenience to mankind there have also raised a deep cynicism towards the religious and spiritual aspects of life. Value crisis of humanity marked by the crisis of spirituality increased. Many societies are facing deep crisis. This condition makes the world vulnerable to violence and conflicts. Therefore, modern world society has been challenged to to be more attentive than before to deal with religious and spiritual values. This paper asserts that religion continues to be an important since it combines both personal and public character. Social problems faced by the modern world society such as cultural diversity, environmental preservation, economic equity, and conflict resolution are theologically reflected within the teaching of Islam. Sufism as a form of Islamic spiritualities offers some applicable answers for this phenomenon. In addition, characteristic of Sufism (mysticism) is commonly wel...

In the beginning of the 20th century, West Kalimantan had a number of social issues, especially in the context of religious moderation. Both individuals and groups claim one another as being the most proper ones. Fom that condition, a negative impact occurred on social order in society. Observing to this situation, Muhammad Basiuni Imran, the Maharaja Imam to the Kingdom of Sambas, initiated a meeting of Islamic religious leaders and priests for the Western part of Borneo. This work is based on research conducted on manuscripts that recorded the speeches of West Kalimantan religious leaders and priests (alim ulama) in the meeting. Considering that this study is aimed at exploring the manuscripts, to approach the issue the authors employ philology that includes the inventory of manuscripts, identification of origins, compiling descriptions, making text summaries, and finally presenting messages of religious moderation education in the related texts. This study successfully concludes ...