Konjengbam S A R D A Devi

This study reports a simple template-based reverse transcription-polymerase amplification assay (ST-RT-RPA) for detection of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) from crude plant extract lysed in NaOH:EDTA (1:1) without the need of tedious RNA isolation. The developed assay showed versatility in its usage as amplification can be performed at wide temperature range (14°C to 42°C) and incubation time (4 to 32 min), although the best conditions were 38°C for 30 min. The developed ST-RT-RPA assay could detect the CTV up to 10-8 dilution of crude plant extract of NaOH:EDTA and up to 0.01 fg µl-1 of RNA of CTV-infected plant tissues and 0.001 ag µl-1 of plasmid DNA containing viral insert, thus exhibiting sufficient sensitivity. ST-RT-RPA assay showed high specificity without any cross-reaction with other citrus pathogens (Indian citrus ringspot virus, citrus yellow mosaic virus, citrus yellow vein clearing virus, and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) and was more sensitive in detection of CTV infection in field samples as compared to standard reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with later showing false negative in 7.92% of samples tested after 1 week of sampling. The developed ST-RT-RPA assay used minimally processed crude plant extract as template, tolerant to sample degradation in transit and storage, while it can be easily performed at wide temperatures and could be adopted in resource-poor setup.

Chilli is infected by at least 65 viruses globally, with a mixed infection of multiple viruses leading to severe losses being a common occurrence. A simple diagnostic procedure that can identify multiple viruses at once is required to track their spread, initiate management measures and manage them using virus-free planting supplies. The present study, for the first time, reports a simplified and robust multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of five RNA viruses, capsicum chlorosis orthotospovirus (CaCV), chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), large cardamom chirke virus (LCCV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and a DNA virus, chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) infecting chilli. The developed mPCR employed six pairs of primer from the conserved coat protein (CP) region of the respective viruses. Different parameters viz., primer concentration (150–450 nM) and annealing temperature (50 °C), were optimized in order to achieve specific an...

Tea is an important beverage consumed worldwide. Of the different types of tea available, herbal tea is an important beverage consumed owing to its popularity as a drink and stress relieving factors, several different herbal concoctions made from seeds, leaves, or roots are currently consumed and sold as herbal teas. The herbal teas are not the usual tea but “tisanes.” They are caffeine free and popular for their medicinal property or immune boosters. Herbal tea formulations are popularly sold and consumed by millions owing to their health benefits as they are rich in antioxidants and minerals. However, plants are also known to contain toxic and anti-nutritional factors. Anti-nutritional factors are known to interfere with the metabolic process and hamper the absorption of important nutrients in the body. These anti-nutritional factors include saponins, tannins, alkaloids, oxalates, lectins, goitrogens, cyanogens, and lethogens. These chemicals are known to have deleterious effects ...

Rice is cultivated and consumed worldwide being a cereal crop of chief importance. There are numerous soil-borne fungi causing diseases of huge economic losses to production of rice. A survey of soil-borne fungi of rice was conducted in different valley districts of Manipur, and symptoms appearing as lesions, water-soaked spots near the waterline which often coalesces, forming concentric lesion bands were spotted. Among the collected symptomatic samples, a fungus, Ceratorhiza oryzae-sativae was identified. An internal transcribed sequence of the isolated fungus was generated and an NCBI accession number, MH255604 acquired. This disease might become severe in near future in all rice-growing fields of the state, and identification of this pathogen shall be essential for developing the management strategies.

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􀁩􀁭􀁰􀁯􀁲􀁴􀁡􀁮􀁴􀀠􀁢􀁩􀁯􀁣􀁯􀁮􀁴􀁲􀁯􀁬􀀠􀁡􀁧􀁥􀁮􀁴􀀠􀁤􀁵􀁥􀀠􀁴􀁯􀀠􀁩􀁴􀁳􀀠􀁡􀁢􀁩􀁬􀁩􀁴􀁩􀁥􀁳􀀬􀀠􀁳􀁵􀁣􀁨􀀠􀁡􀁳􀀠􀁭􀁹􀁣􀁯􀁰􀁡􀁲􀁡􀁳􀁩􀁴􀁩􀁳􀁭􀀬􀀠􀁰􀁲􀁯􀁤􀁵􀁣􀁴􀁩􀁯􀁮􀀠􀁯􀁦􀀠􀁡􀁮􀁴􀁩􀁢􀁩􀁯􀁴􀁩􀁣􀀬􀀠􀁨􀁹􀁤􀁲􀁯􀁬􀁹􀁴􀁩􀁣􀀠􀁥􀁮􀁺􀁹􀁭􀁥􀁳􀀬􀀠􀁣􀁯􀁭􀁰􀁥􀁴􀁩􀁴􀁩􀁯􀁮􀀠􀁦􀁯􀁲􀀠􀁮􀁵􀁴􀁲􀁩􀁥􀁮􀁴􀁳􀀬􀀠􀁡􀁳􀀠􀁷􀁥􀁬􀁬􀀠
􀁡􀁳􀀠􀁩􀁮􀁤􀁵􀁣􀁥􀁤􀀠􀁰􀁬􀁡􀁮􀁴􀀠􀁲􀁥􀁳􀁩􀁳􀁴􀁡􀁮􀁣􀁥􀀻􀀠􀁰􀁲􀁯􀁤􀁵􀁣􀁴􀁩􀁯􀁮􀀠􀁯􀁦􀀠􀁮􀁵􀁭􀁥􀁲􀁯􀁵􀁳􀀠􀁳􀁥􀁣􀁯􀁮􀁤􀁡􀁲􀁹􀀠􀁭􀁥􀁴􀁡􀁢􀁯􀁬􀁩􀁴􀁥􀁳􀀠􀁩􀁮􀁨􀁩􀁢􀁩􀁴􀁩􀁮􀁧􀀠􀁴􀁨􀁥􀀠􀁧􀁲􀁯􀁷􀁴􀁨􀀠􀁯􀁦􀀠􀁳􀁥􀁶􀁥􀁲􀁡􀁬􀀠􀁰􀁬􀁡􀁮􀁴􀀠􀁰􀁡􀁴􀁨􀁯􀁧􀁥􀁮􀁳􀀮􀀠􀁁􀁮􀁴􀁡􀁧􀁯􀁮􀁩􀁳􀁴􀁩􀁣􀀠􀁰􀁯􀁴􀁥􀁮􀁴􀁩􀁡􀁬􀀠􀁯􀁦􀀠
􀁦􀁯􀁵􀁲􀁴􀁥􀁥􀁮􀀠􀀨􀁮􀀽􀀱􀀴􀀩􀀠􀁮􀁡􀁴􀁩􀁶􀁥􀀠􀁲􀁩􀁣􀁥􀀠􀁳􀁰􀁥􀁣􀁩􀁦􀁩􀁣􀀠􀁔􀁲􀁩􀁣􀁨􀁯􀁤􀁥􀁲􀁭􀁡􀀠􀁩􀁳􀁯􀁬􀁡􀁴􀁥􀁳􀀠􀁷􀁡􀁳􀀠􀁥􀁶􀁡􀁬􀁵􀁡􀁴􀁥􀁤􀀠􀁡􀁧􀁡􀁩􀁮􀁳􀁴􀀠􀁡􀁧􀁧􀁲􀁥􀁧􀁡􀁴􀁥􀁤􀀠􀁳􀁨􀁥􀁡􀁴􀁨􀀠􀁳􀁰􀁯􀁴􀀠􀁯􀁦􀀠􀁲􀁩􀁣􀁥􀀠􀁣􀁡􀁵􀁳􀁥􀁤􀀠􀁢􀁹􀀠􀁃􀁥􀁲􀁡􀁴􀁯􀁲􀁨􀁩􀁺􀁡􀀠􀁯􀁲􀁹􀁺􀁡􀁥􀀭􀁳􀁡􀁴􀁩􀁶􀁡􀁥􀀮􀀠􀁉􀁴􀀠
􀁲􀁥􀁶􀁥􀁡􀁬􀁥􀁤􀀠􀁴􀁨􀁡􀁴􀀠􀁡􀁬􀁬􀀠􀁮􀁡􀁴􀁩􀁶􀁥􀀠􀁔􀁲􀁩􀁣􀁨􀁯􀁤􀁥􀁲􀁭􀁡􀀠􀁩􀁳􀁯􀁬􀁡􀁴􀁥􀁳􀀠􀁳􀁩􀁧􀁮􀁩􀁦􀁩􀁣􀁡􀁮􀁴􀁬􀁹􀀠􀁩􀁮􀁨􀁩􀁢􀁩􀁴􀁥􀁤􀀠􀁴􀁨􀁥􀀠􀁭􀁹􀁣􀁥􀁬􀁩􀁡􀁬􀀠􀁧􀁲􀁯􀁷􀁴􀁨􀀠􀁯􀁦􀀠􀁴􀁨􀁥􀀠􀁰􀁡􀁴􀁨􀁯􀁧􀁥􀁮􀀠􀁯􀁦􀀠􀁃􀀮􀀠􀁯􀁲􀁹􀁺􀁡􀁥􀀭􀁳􀁡􀁴􀁩􀁶􀁡􀁥􀀠􀁷􀁩􀁴􀁨􀀠􀁲􀁡􀁮􀁧􀁥􀁳􀀠􀁦􀁲􀁯􀁭􀀠􀀷􀀱􀀮􀀵􀀰􀀥􀀠
􀁴􀁯􀀠􀀹􀀷􀀮􀀵􀀰􀀥􀀠􀁷􀁩􀁴􀁨􀀠􀁴􀁨􀁥􀀠􀁨􀁩􀁧􀁨􀁥􀁳􀁴􀀠􀁰􀁥􀁲􀀠􀁣􀁥􀁮􀁴􀀠􀁩􀁮􀁨􀁩􀁢􀁩􀁴􀁩􀁯􀁮􀀠􀁢􀁹􀀠􀁔􀀮􀀠􀁨􀁡􀁲􀁺􀁩􀁡􀁮􀁵􀁭􀀠􀀨􀁍􀁈􀀲􀀵􀀷􀀳􀀲􀀳􀀩􀀬􀀠􀁡􀁮􀁤􀀠􀁴􀁨􀁥􀀠􀁬􀁥􀁡􀁳􀁴􀀠􀁰􀁥􀁲􀁣􀁥􀁮􀁴􀀠􀁩􀁮􀁨􀁩􀁢􀁩􀁴􀁩􀁯􀁮􀀠􀁢􀁹􀀠􀁔􀀮􀀠􀁫􀁯􀁮􀁩􀁮􀁧􀁩􀁯􀁰􀁳􀁩􀁳􀀠􀀨􀁍􀁎􀀰􀀸􀀰􀀲􀀲􀀸􀀩􀀮􀀠􀁂􀁥􀁬􀁬􀀧􀁳􀀠
􀁳􀁣􀁡􀁬􀁥􀀠􀁳􀁴􀁵􀁤􀁩􀁥􀁤􀀠􀁳􀁨􀁯􀁷􀁥􀁤􀀠􀁴􀁨􀁡􀁴􀀠􀁣􀁬􀁡􀁳􀁳􀀠􀁉􀁉􀁉􀀠􀁣􀁡􀁴􀁥􀁧􀁯􀁲􀁹􀀠􀁢􀁹􀀠􀁔􀀮􀀠􀁫􀁯􀁮􀁩􀁮􀁧􀁩􀁯􀁰􀁳􀁩􀁳􀀠􀀨􀁍􀁎􀀰􀀸􀀰􀀲􀀲􀀸􀀩􀀠􀁡􀁮􀁤􀀠􀁣􀁬􀁡􀁳􀁳􀀠􀁉􀁉􀀠􀁳􀁨􀁯􀁷􀁥􀁤􀀠􀁢􀁹􀀠􀁔􀀮􀀠􀁨􀁡􀁲􀁺􀁩􀁡􀁮􀁵􀁭􀀠􀀨􀁍􀁈􀀲􀀵􀀷􀀳􀀲􀀳􀀩􀀠􀁡􀁧􀁡􀁩􀁮􀁳􀁴􀀠􀁃􀀮􀀠􀁯􀁲􀁹􀁺􀁡􀁥􀀭􀁳􀁡􀁴􀁩􀁶􀁡􀁥􀀮􀀠
􀁁􀁭􀁯􀁮􀁧􀀠􀁩􀁳􀁯􀁬􀁡􀁴􀁥􀁳􀀠􀁯􀁦􀀠􀁮􀁡􀁴􀁩􀁶􀁥􀀠􀁲􀁩􀁣􀁥􀀠􀁳􀁰􀁥􀁣􀁩􀁦􀁩􀁣􀀠􀁔􀀮􀀠􀁨􀁡􀁲􀁺􀁩􀁡􀁮􀁵􀁭􀀬􀀠􀁍􀁈􀀲􀀵􀀷􀀳􀀲􀀳􀀠􀁩􀁳􀀠􀁦􀁯􀁵􀁮􀁤􀀠􀁴􀁯􀀠􀁢􀁥􀀠􀁴􀁨􀁥􀀠􀁭􀁯􀁳􀁴􀀠􀁥􀁦􀁦􀁥􀁣􀁴􀁩􀁶􀁥􀀠􀁩􀁮􀀠􀁲􀁥􀁤􀁵􀁣􀁩􀁮􀁧􀀠􀁴􀁨􀁥􀀠􀁲􀁡􀁰􀁩􀁤􀀠􀁧􀁲􀁯􀁷􀁴􀁨􀀠􀁯􀁦􀀠􀁰􀁡􀁴􀁨􀁯􀁧􀁥􀁮􀀠􀁡􀁮􀁤􀀠􀁨􀁡􀁶􀁩􀁮􀁧􀀠
􀁨􀁩􀁧􀁨􀀠􀁰􀁯􀁴􀁥􀁮􀁴􀁩􀁡􀁬􀀠􀁥􀁣􀁯􀁬􀁯􀁧􀁩􀁣􀁡􀁬􀀠􀁦􀁩􀁴􀁮􀁥􀁳􀁳􀀮