Reverse Transcriptase

The development of synthetic enzymes in the GABAergic system (GAD and GAD ) of the rat retina was analyzed from birth to the 67 65 4th postnatal week by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by immunohistochemistry. As previously observed for GABA, immunoreactive GAD profiles are seen clearly in the inner retinal layers at birth. At the end of the 1st week of 67 postnatal life, immunolabeling is detected in amacrine and/or ganglion cells and in horizontal cells. GAD immunoreactivity is 67

Puccinia horiana is the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust or Japanese rust. This microcyclic autoecious rust has a quarantine status and can cause major damage in the commercial production of Chrysanthemum x morifolium. Given the international and often trans-continental production of planting material and cut flowers of chrysanthemum and the decreasing availability of registered fungicides in specific regions, breeding for resistance against P. horiana will gain importance and will need to involve the appropriate resistance genes for the pathotypes that may be present. As pathotypes have not been well characterized in this system, the main objective was to build an international collection of isolates and screen these on a large collection of cultivars to identify different pathotypes. Using a robust and high throughput bioassay, we tested 36 selected cultivars with 22 individual single-pustule isolates of P. horiana. The isolates originated from three different continents over 4 different collection years and included some isolates from cultivars previously reported as resistant. In most cases the bioassays resulted in a clear scoring of interaction phenotypes as susceptible or resistant, while in several cases consistent intermediate phenotypes were found, often on specific cultivars. Twenty-four of the cultivars gave a differential interaction phenotype profile. All isolates produced a unique profile, infecting a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 19 differential cultivars. Based on the Person analysis of these profiles, this pathosystem contains at least seven resistance genes (and seven avirulence genes), demonstrating the highly complex race structure in this pathosystem.

This is the list of papers , interviews and letters by the group of N Chandra Wickramasinghe, Edward J Steele, Reginald M Gorczynski, Robyn A Lindley, Gensuke Tokoro, Robert Temple, Daryl H Wallis, Milton Wainwright  and other co-authors including George Howard, Herbert Rebhan, Pat Carneigie, Ananda Nimalasuriya, Alexander Kondakov, Brig Klyce, Dayal Wickramasinghe, Stephen Coulson, and Max Wallis, for all relevant papers published just prior (2017-2019) then those published through course of pandemic as March 2020 to March 2022  with a summary video lecture by Edward J Steele and other interviews.

Origin and Spread COVID-19- Interview Dr EJ. Steele (edited 40 min version )
This version has been further improved and cleaned up as 27.8.21
https://youtu.be/Ijc4mjiIquk

Professor N Chandra Wickramasinghe 8 Sept 2021 – Invited Orkney Science Festival Lecture
LIFE’S COSMIC PREVALENCE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H7pNFeqzr0

Other interviews
Asia Pacific TV interview by Professor Edward J (“Ted”) Steele  with Mike Ryan released Tuesday 21 September 2021 Here is the video link on Rumble  The Origins Of Covid-19 & Why The Vaccines Don't Work. (rumble.com) If people prefer to listen here is the audio podcast on our website. Here is the link to the podcasts. They just need to click on the latest Podcasts Series - Asia Pacific Today

Asia Pacific Today interview by Professor Edward J (“Ted”) Steele with Mike Ryan released Wednesday 6 October 2021- analysis of Mystery Cases in Australia v China Jan 2020 Here is the video link on Rumble 
https://rumble.com/vndmc4-why-there-is-no-mystery-to-covids-mystery-cases.html

Abacá mosaic virus (AbaMV) is related to members of the sugarcane mosaic virus subgroup of the genus Potyvirus. The ∼2 kb 3′ terminal region of the viral genome was sequenced and, in all areas analysed, found to be most similar to Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and distinct from Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV), Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV). Cladograms of the 3′ terminal region of the Nib protein, the coat protein core and the 3′ untranslated region showed that AbaMV clustered with SCMV, which was a distinct clade and separate from JGMV, MDMV and SrMV The N-terminal region of the AbaMV coat protein had a unique amino acid repeat motif different from those previously published for other strains of SCMV The first experimental transmission of AbaMV from abacá (Musa textilis) to banana (Musa sp.), using the aphid vectors Rhopalosiphum maidis and Aphis gossypii, is reported. Polyclonal antisera for the detection of AbaMV in western blot assays and ELISA were prepared from recombinant coat protein expressed in E. coli. A reverse transcriptase PCR diagnostic assay, with microtitre plate colourimetric detection, was developed to discriminate between AbaMV and Banana bract mosaic virus, another Musa-infecting potyvirus. Sequence data, host reactions and serological relationships indicate that AbaMV should be considered a distinct strain of SCMV, and the strain designation SCMV-Ab is suggested.