Introduction: Intravenous therapy is indicated for many reasons. A significant number of patients admitted into hospital receive some forms of intravenous therapy through peripheral venous cannula, which is a common procedure carried out... more
Introduction: Intravenous therapy is indicated for many reasons. A significant number of patients admitted into hospital receive some forms of intravenous therapy through peripheral venous cannula, which is a common procedure carried out in hospital to allow rapid and accurate administration of medication. However, the intravenous cannulation can have undesirable effects, the most of which is phlebitis, which is due to mechanical, chemical or infectious cause. Method: In this study quasi-experimental research approach was used. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample from the selected hospital. The research design adopted for the study was pre-test, post-test control group design. In the present study a sample of 60 hospitalised patients and who met the inclusion criteria was selected from the target population. In this study the instruments used are baseline Performa, structured interview schedule to assess the subjective symptoms and observation scale to observe the objective symptoms. Result: In experimental group post test mean score 1.10, SD was 0.71 respectively. In control group post test mean score 2.53, SD was 0.78 respectively. The obtained value 7.454 statistically was significant at 0.001 levels. So research hypothesis was accepted. So there was significant difference between post intervention phlebitis among the experimental group and control group. Discussion: In the research study findings revealed that Glycerin Magnesium sulphate dressing is highly effective in decrease phlebitis level to the patients.
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Background: Caregivers of individuals suffering from cancer illnesses are at risk of having subjected to mental health consequences. There is a paucity of data comparing the caregiver burden of cancer breast and cancer cervix patients.... more
Background: Caregivers of individuals suffering from cancer illnesses are at risk of having subjected to mental health consequences. There is a paucity of data comparing the caregiver burden of cancer breast and cancer cervix patients. Aim: The aim of the present study is to compare the caregiver burden of cancer breast and cancer cervix patients. To study the association of caregiver burden with demographic factors like age, gender, duration of caregiving etc. Materials & Methods: This Cross sectional study is performed on the key relatives of patients of 31 cancer cervix and 31 cancer breast patients. Burden assessment schedule was used. Results: Our findings suggest burden is more in male caregivers of breast cancer patients. It is not so in caregivers of cancer cervix patients. Whenever the caregiver is closely related to the patients the burden is high in both groups. Whenever the burden scores were high the depression scores were also high. Treatment modalities as a whole correlates with burden scores in caregivers of breast cancer patients but not in cancer cervix patients. Conclusion: Caregivers with breast and cervical cancer patients are vulnerable if the caregiver is male, from low socioeconomical background, more closely related and when the patients received poor treatment modalities.
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Background: Pemphigus, scleroderma and SLE are diseases of unknown etiology for which no specific treatment is effective. The introduction of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs reduced the mortality rate. Objectives: To correlate... more
Background: Pemphigus, scleroderma and SLE are diseases of unknown etiology for which no specific treatment is effective. The introduction of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs reduced the mortality rate. Objectives: To correlate signs and symptoms and incidence of adverse effects in patients with steroid responsive dermatosis before and during DCP therapy and daily immunosuppressive therapy. Material and Methods: 100 patients were enrolled in this study. They are divided into 2 groups. The treatment schedule in group 1 consists of giving 100mg dexamethasone on 3 consecutive days and 500 mg cyclophosphamide on day two and repeating these pulses (DCPS) every 4 weeks. In between the DCPS, the patient received only 50mg cyclophosphamide orally daily and generally no corticosteroids. Group 2 patients received daily immunosuppressive therapy in the form of tab prednisolone 1-2mg/kg body weight and tab cyclophosphamide 50 mg after food daily for 6months. Results: At the end of 6 months of study period, based on clinical improvement, good response was seen in 82% in group 1 and in 64% in group 2P<0.05 which is significant. Moderate response was seen in 10% in group 1 and in 22% in groups 2.8% in group 1 and 14% in groups 2 recorded poor responses. Better response was seen with DCP therapy. The incidence of adverse effects was less with DCP therapy when compared to daily immunosuppressive therapy. P<0.0001 which is highly significant. Conclusion: DCP therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of steroid responsive dermatosis. Incidence of adverse effects was less with DCP Therapy.
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Aims & Objectives: Ocimum sanctum L. popularly known as Tulsi is a medicinal plant that has been used for curing various diseases since ages. In the present study we used leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum for its anti-ulcer property by... more
Aims & Objectives: Ocimum sanctum L. popularly known as Tulsi is a medicinal plant that has been used for curing various diseases since ages. In the present study we used leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum for its anti-ulcer property by inducing stress ulcers on rats. Materials and Method: Albino rats were randomly allocated to different experimental groups and aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum was given for 7 days. Stress ulcers were induced by restraint and ethanol administered methods and results were compared with standard drug ranitidine. After that animal was sacrificed and stomach was dissected out and stomachs were observed for the ulceration with the help of magnifying lens and studied its external, internal surface and ulcer index was evaluated according to the severity of ulcers. The stomach were stored and fixed in 5% formalin and studied for histopathological changes. Results: The ulcer index was high in control group. Animal pretreated with Ocimum sanctum at the dose 100 & 200 mg/kg showed few signs of mucosal injury and the percentage of damage were less compared to control group. Conclusion: In the present study pretreatment with Ocimum sanctum at dose 100-200 mg/kg caused a significant anti-ulcer effect in rats in comparison with control group and its effect is comparable to the standard drug ranitidine, as evidenced by the reduction in the ulcer scores.
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Introduction: “Learning style” is defined as an individual’s preferred method for approaching learning and gaining knowledge. As a teacher, it is important to understand the different learning styles of the students in acquiring the... more
Introduction: “Learning style” is defined as an individual’s preferred method for approaching learning and gaining knowledge. As a teacher, it is important to understand the different learning styles of the students in acquiring the information, and hence one can make the necessary changes that best match the learning style of the students. Assessment of learning styles can be done in various ways but Visual Auditory Reading Kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire is the most accepted one among them. The present study was undertaken to determine the learning preferences of first year medical students in South India. The study was also aimed at determining whether males and females have similar pattern of learning styles. Materials and Methods: This study was jointly conducted in Mamata Medical College, Khammam, Telangana and Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka. VARK-questionnaire Version 7.8 was used after obtaining permission. The VARK–questionnaire along with information about age and sex was distributed among 200 first year students of both colleges on the same day and response rate was 80%( Males49% and Females 51%) Results: VARK questionnaire results revealed that none of our respondents preferred unimodal method. 3% were bimodal, 32% were trimodal and 63% were quad modal. There was no statistical difference between the individual scores between male and female respondents. Implication: The implication of this study is applicable to teachers to understand his/her student’s pattern of learning. Although none of the students learn only by one method, all the multimodal learners will have a predominance of a particular learning style either it be visual/auditory/read/kinesthetic.
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Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is endemic throughout the world especially in tropical and developing countries. Clinical data collected in the hospital gives the estimation of burden of disease in the community as patients with... more
Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is endemic throughout the world especially in tropical and developing countries. Clinical data collected in the hospital gives the estimation of burden of disease in the community as patients with different background attend the hospital. With this background the present study was designed. It is a prospective study estimating the prevalence of HBV infection in a tertiary care centre. Objective: Study was conducted to know the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in a tertiary care centre in Bijapur, Karnataka. Methodology: Patients attending Out-Patient Department (OPD) and In-Patient Department (IPD) with various diagnosis who were advised for HbsAg testing were included in this study. Immunochromatographic method (Hepacard) was used for qualitative detection of HbsAg to diagnose HBV infection. Results: A year wise seropositivity showed there was slight increase in the HBV positive cases. In 2012 prevalence rate was 1.54% and in 2013 it was 1.65%. Male preponderance compared to females was seen. More number of cases was seen in active age group i.e. 31-40 years. Conclusion: The present study shows there is slight increase in number of cases in 2013 compared to 2012. This study also highlights that hospital based studies can be an option for community based studies.
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Introduction: “Learning style” is defined as an individual’s preferred method for approaching learning and gaining knowledge. As a teacher, it is important to understand the different learning styles of the students in acquiring the... more
Introduction: “Learning style” is defined as an individual’s preferred method for approaching learning and gaining knowledge. As a teacher, it is important to understand the different learning styles of the students in acquiring the information, and hence one can make the necessary changes that best match the learning style of the students. Assessment of learning styles can be done in various ways but Visual Auditory Reading Kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire is the most accepted one among them. The present study was undertaken to determine the learning preferences of first year medical students in South India. The study was also aimed at determining whether males and females have similar pattern of learning styles. Materials and Methods: This study was jointly conducted in Mamata Medical College, Khammam, Telangana and Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka. VARK-questionnaire Version 7.8 was used after obtaining permission. The VARK–questionnaire along with information about age and sex was distributed among 200 first year students of both colleges on the same day and response rate was 80%( Males49% and Females 51%) Results: VARK questionnaire results revealed that none of our respondents preferred unimodal method. 3% were bimodal, 32% were trimodal and 63% were quad modal. There was no statistical difference between the individual scores between male and female respondents. Implication: The implication of this study is applicable to teachers to understand his/her student’s pattern of learning. Although none of the students learn only by one method, all the multimodal learners will have a predominance of a particular learning style either it be visual/auditory/read/kinesthetic.
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Context: Adolescents comprise one-fifth of India’s total population. There is widespread ignorance associated with unprotected sex, contraceptives, among young people. As majority adolescents in slum areas have illiterate and ignorant... more
Context: Adolescents comprise one-fifth of India’s total population. There is widespread ignorance associated with unprotected sex, contraceptives, among young people. As majority adolescents in slum areas have illiterate and ignorant family backgrounds; they are misguided by the myths. Hence providing sex education for them is the need of the hour. Aims: 1) To assess the knowledge and awareness of adolescents in an urban slum area regarding some aspects of reproductive health. 2) To assess the need of sex education among them. 3) To study the impact of sex education on their knowledge Material and Methods: An interventional study was done on 132 adolescents of urban slum area, selected by simple random sampling. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Data was collected with the help of structured questionnaire prepared by literature search. Response of adolescents was recorded through questionnaires. A sensitization workshop was organized as intervention. The same questionnaire was given to them and the effect of intervention was assessed. Statistical analysis of data was done using percentage, proportion and appropriate tests of significance. Result and Conclusions: Only 31.06% adolescents had discussed the topic of reproductive health with some or other person and out of them friends were the major sources (39.2%) of information. Only 38.63% knew the hazards of teenage pregnancy which significantly rose to 89.4% after intervention workshop. The study concludes that the slum adolescents profoundly lack adequate knowledge of sexuality related matters. Even before intervention workshop, unmet need of reproductive health education was 59.1% and 93.93% was the felt need in the post test.
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Background: Thyroid dysfunction has been considered as one of the most common endocrine disorder in clinical practice throughout the world. Its increasing prevalence had led to the screening of general population in different parts of the... more
Background: Thyroid dysfunction has been considered as one of the most common endocrine disorder in clinical practice throughout the world. Its increasing prevalence had led to the screening of general population in different parts of the world in order to investigate causes for rising incidence. A nationwide survey on epidemiology of thyroid dysfunction in selected cities of India suggested the need for further studies in order to have a more comprehensive analysis of epidemiological aspect for better awareness and control of this endocrine disorder. Aim: The major objective of the present study was to identify the prevalence and early age at onset of hypo and hyperthyroidism in post-iodization era based on a hospital based study. Materials and Methods: A total of 516 subjects visiting department of Medicine, Princess ESRA Hospital, Hyderabad, in age group of 10 to 75 years were included in the study from June 2013 to January 2014. Serum TSH, T3, and T4 assays were assessed by chemiluminescence method. Based on thyroid dysfunction test results, subjects were classified into Hypothyroidism, Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism. Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism was highest in the females 33.52 % (n=173) as compared to males 2.32% (n=12) and hyperthyroidism in females 4.06% (n=21) and 0.19% (n=1) in males. Subclinical hypothyroidism in females was 7.55% (n=39). Conclusions: An inordinately high increase in the prevalence rate in women was observed particularly in the age group 21-30years. Monitoring of thyroid profile is necessary to prevent adverse outcome at clinical and subclinical levels related to infertility, pregnancies and other complications.
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This study was conducted in Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Medical College we tried to evaluate and compare the histological and cytological procedure for classifying leprosy lesion. Method: Total sample size was 60.Skin punch biopsy was done and... more
This study was conducted in Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Medical College we tried to evaluate and compare the histological and cytological procedure for classifying leprosy lesion. Method: Total sample size was 60.Skin punch biopsy was done and sample was evaluated for histology after H & E and Fite Faraco staining. In some cases where histological diagnosis was confirmed we also took sample for cytology which were stained by MGG and modified ZN technique. Results Our study group consists of total 60 leprosy patients, out of which 34 (56.66%) were males and 26 (43.44%) were female between 10 years to 68 years of age. Complete cytohistological correlation was seen in 36 (60%) cases. Correlation was fairly strong in polar group of leprosy like in TT i.e. (62.5%) and LL (60%). Conclusion In cases of polar leprosy cytological diagnosis parallels histological diagnosis, within the constraint of cytological interpretation the cases in borderline unstable spectrum of leprosy can be classified broadly. Histopathological correlation is required to determine appropriate position in RJ spectrum. Similarly in cases where aspirate was inadequate histology is required to confirm or rule out type of leprosy.
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Background: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by persistent defects in the perception, thinking or the expression of reality. The term “schizophrenia” translates roughly as “shattered mind,” and comes from the Greek... more
Background: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by persistent defects in the perception, thinking or the expression of reality. The term “schizophrenia” translates roughly as “shattered mind,” and comes from the Greek (schizo, “to split” or “to divide”) and (phrēn, “mind”). Material and Methods: The study was designed to be a prospective control study. Schizophrenic patients taking Olanzapine and Haloperidol were selected and follow up at three weeks and six weeks was done. Results: In this prospective control study, Olanzapine and Haloperidol were associated with an increase in Blood Glucose Levels. The mean changes in Glucose remained within clinically normal range in this six week study. Conclusion: Antipsychotic treatmemt leads to the development of Diabetes mellitus in a significant 10.1% of patients within 6 weeks. Given the serious implications for morbidity and mortality attributable to diabetes mellitus, clinicians need to be aware of these risk factors when treating patients with chronic schizophrenia
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Background: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by persistent defects in the perception, thinking or the expression of reality. The term “schizophrenia” translates roughly as “shattered mind,” and comes from the Greek... more
Background: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by persistent defects in the perception, thinking or the expression of reality. The term “schizophrenia” translates roughly as “shattered mind,” and comes from the Greek (schizo, “to split” or “to divide”) and (phrēn, “mind”). Material and Methods: The study was designed to be a prospective control study. Schizophrenic patients taking Olanzapine and Haloperidol were selected and follow up at three weeks and six weeks was done. Results: In this prospective control study, Olanzapine and Haloperidol were associated with an increase in Blood Glucose Levels. The mean changes in Glucose remained within clinically normal range in this six week study. Conclusion: Antipsychotic treatmemt leads to the development of Diabetes mellitus in a significant 10.1% of patients within 6 weeks. Given the serious implications for morbidity and mortality attributable to diabetes mellitus, clinicians need to be aware of these risk factors when treating patients with chronic schizophrenia