Middle Holocene Coastline of the Bakırcay Delta and Geoarchaeological Preliminary Interpretations
IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AN... more IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AND GEODIVERSITY"
Holocene Paleogeography of Karsıyaka Delta and Geoarchaeological Interpretations Izmir
IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AN... more IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AND GEODIVERSITY"
Paleogeographical and Paleoecological Interpretations on the Sediments of Aliaga Gulf and Guzelhisar Delta Aegean Sea, 2023
IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AN... more IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AND GEODIVERSITY"
Geoarchaeolgical Interpretations On Panaztepe Ancient Settlement Menemen Izmir, Türkiye, 2023
IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AN... more IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AND GEODIVERSITY"
Karşıyaka ve Alsancak Deltalarının Orta Holosen - Middle Holocene Coastline of The Karşıyaka and Alsancak Deltas and Paleogeographical Interpretations Kıyı Çizgisi ve Paleocoğrafya Değerlendirmeleri , 2023
Karşıyaka deltası İzmir körfezinin kuzey kenarındadır. Delta, Yamanlar dağından doğan Örnekköy ve... more Karşıyaka deltası İzmir körfezinin kuzey kenarındadır. Delta, Yamanlar dağından doğan Örnekköy ve Yamanlar derelerinin taşıdığı alüvyonların İzmir körfezinin kuzey kenarını doldurması ile oluşmuş ve şekillenmiştir. Holosen başlarında -50 m kotunda olan deniz seviyesi hızla yükselmiş ve İzmir körfezi kuzeyindeki kıyı çizgisi, Yamanlar dağının güney yamaçlarındaki yapısal çukurluğun günümüzdeki deltaya açıldığı kesimdeki Emek sırtlarına kadar ilerlemiştir. Holosen transgresyonu ile günümüzdeki seviyesine ulaşan sığ deniz bu kez Örnekköy ve Yamanlar derelerinin taşıdığı alüvyonlarla dolmuş ve kıyı çizgisi tipik bir delta gelişimi ile körfezin orta bölümüne doğru ilerlemiştir. Bu değişmeler delta kuzeyindeki Emek sırtlarındaki Küçük Yamanlar höyüğünün jeoarkeolojisi üzerinde de etkili olmuştur. Hem Karşıyaka deltasının gelişiminin hem de tarih öncesinden günümüze yerleşimler üzerine etkilerinin açıklanabilmesi için delgi sondajlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca zemin etüt sondajları ve özel sondajlardan yararlanılmıştır. Sondaj örneklerinin sedimantolojik, element ve mikrofosil analizleri yapılmıştır. Seçilen örneklerden ise C14 tarihlemeleri yaptırılmıştır. Eldeki verilere göre Karşıyaka deltasında Orta Holosen’den itibaren GÖ 7000-6000, 4000, 2000, 500’lü yılların kıyı çizgileri ayrılmıştır. Bunların yanında delta dolguları yansıttıkları ortamlara göre, eskiden yeniye doğru; Pre-Holosen etek dolguları, denizel ortam, kıyı bataklığı, kıyı kumları-okları, taşkın delta ovası dolguları olmak üzere 5 birime ayrılmıştır. Bunların yanında delta kıyısında son 100 yıl içinde meydana gelmiş antropojenetik değişim ele alınmıştır.
Karşıyaka delta is on the northern edge of İzmir gulf. Delta was formed and shaped by the alluviums carried by the Örnekköy and Yamanlar creeks, which were sourced from the Yamanlar mountain, filling the north side of the İzmir gulf. At the beginning of the Holocene, the sea level, which was at -50 m elevation, rose rapidly and the north shoreline of the İzmir Gulf advanced to the back of the Emek ridges, where the structural basin on the southern slopes of Yamanlar Mountain opened to the present delta. The shallow sea reaching the present level with the Holocene transgression was filled with the alluviums carried by the Örnekköy and Yamanlar creeks, and the shoreline progressed to the middle part of the gulf with a typical delta development. These changes were also effective on the geoarchaeology of Küçük Yamanlar mound on the Emek ridges north of the delta. Core drillings have been carried out in order to explain both the development of Karsiyaka delta and the effects on the settlements from prehistoric times to present. In addition to these, ground exploration drillings and special drillings conducted by different corporations have been utilized. Sedimentological, elemental and microfossil analyzes of drilling samples were carried out. C14 dates were done from the selected samples. According to the information obtained, the coastlines of the years 7000-6000, 4000, 2000, 500 from the Middle Holocene to present were separated in Karşıyaka delta fillings. In addition to these, according to the environments that delta fillings reflect, Pre-Holocene foothill fillings, marine environment, coastal marsh, coastal sand-arrows, flood-delta plain are separated into five alluvial unit. Also, the anthropogenetic change that has taken place over the last 100 years along the delta has been discussed.
Geomorphological Research Around Gerga-Kome (Çine-Aydın) and Geoarchaeological Interpretations, 2023
The foothills of the high areas surrounding the plains and the plateau surfaces on them are landf... more The foothills of the high areas surrounding the plains and the plateau surfaces on them are landforms where many settlements have been located from past to present. Gerga Kome is one of these settlements, located in the south-east of the Çine depression, which is the sub-graben of the Büyük Menderes graben. The study aims to reveal the geomorphological characteristics of the area where Gerga Kome is located and its effect on the settlement and ancient cultures.
Tarih Boyunca Birgi ve Mahallelerinin Gelişimi ile Yeryüzü, 2024
Birgi Bozdağlar'ın güney eteklerinde bulunan bir birikinti konisi üzerinde yer alan en az 5500 yı... more Birgi Bozdağlar'ın güney eteklerinde bulunan bir birikinti konisi üzerinde yer alan en az 5500 yıllık tarihi ve görkemli başkentlik dönemi ile önemli bir kadim kenttir. Yerleşim, birikinti konisinin engebeli yüzeyine ve bunu derince yarmış derelerin kenarlarına kurulmuştur. Küçük Menderes Havzası içinde kalan kent, bu alanda var olmuş; Tunç Çağı, Roma, Lidya, Bizans, Aydınoğlu Beyliği ve Osmanlı döneminin izlerini özgün doğal-kültürel dokusu içinde günümüze kadar saklamıştır. İlk yerleşimden günümüze kadar gelişen kent ve mahalleleri kentsel dokunun yeryüzü şekillerinin kontrolünde geliştiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu gelişimin açıklanması için tarihi belge ve yayınlardan yola çıkarak mahalle ve nüfus gelişimi araştırılmıştır. Diğer yandan koni morfometrisi üzerine jeomorfolojik saha çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Böylece Birgi Kenti ve mahallelerinin gelişiminin birikinti konisinin morfolojisi ile ilişkileri tüm detayları ile ortaya konulmuştur.
Birgi is an important ancient city with a history of at least 5500 years and a magnificent capital period, located on a cone of debris on the southern foothills of Bozdağlar. The settlement was built on the rugged surface of the alluvial cone and along the streams that cut it deeply. The city, which is within the Küçük Menderes Basin, has existed in this area and has preserved the traces of the Bronze Age, Roman, Lydian, Byzantine, Aydınoğlu Principality, and Ottoman periods in its original natural-cultural texture until today. The cities and districts that have developed from the first settlement to the present reveal that the urban texture developed under the control of landforms. In this study, neighborhood and population development was researched based on historical documents and publications in order to explain this development. On the other hand, geomorphological field studies have been carried out on natural fills and cone morphometry. Thus, the relationship between the development of the Districts of Birgi City and the morphology of the alluvial cone has been revealed in detail.
Middle Holocene Coastline of the Bakırcay Delta and Geoarchaeological Preliminary Interpretations
IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AN... more IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AND GEODIVERSITY"
Holocene Paleogeography of Karsıyaka Delta and Geoarchaeological Interpretations Izmir
IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AN... more IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AND GEODIVERSITY"
Paleogeographical and Paleoecological Interpretations on the Sediments of Aliaga Gulf and Guzelhisar Delta Aegean Sea, 2023
IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AN... more IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AND GEODIVERSITY"
Geoarchaeolgical Interpretations On Panaztepe Ancient Settlement Menemen Izmir, Türkiye, 2023
IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AN... more IAG REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY CAPPADOCIA, TÜRKiYE 12-14 SEPTEMBER 2023 "GEOHERITAGE AND GEODIVERSITY"
Karşıyaka ve Alsancak Deltalarının Orta Holosen - Middle Holocene Coastline of The Karşıyaka and Alsancak Deltas and Paleogeographical Interpretations Kıyı Çizgisi ve Paleocoğrafya Değerlendirmeleri , 2023
Karşıyaka deltası İzmir körfezinin kuzey kenarındadır. Delta, Yamanlar dağından doğan Örnekköy ve... more Karşıyaka deltası İzmir körfezinin kuzey kenarındadır. Delta, Yamanlar dağından doğan Örnekköy ve Yamanlar derelerinin taşıdığı alüvyonların İzmir körfezinin kuzey kenarını doldurması ile oluşmuş ve şekillenmiştir. Holosen başlarında -50 m kotunda olan deniz seviyesi hızla yükselmiş ve İzmir körfezi kuzeyindeki kıyı çizgisi, Yamanlar dağının güney yamaçlarındaki yapısal çukurluğun günümüzdeki deltaya açıldığı kesimdeki Emek sırtlarına kadar ilerlemiştir. Holosen transgresyonu ile günümüzdeki seviyesine ulaşan sığ deniz bu kez Örnekköy ve Yamanlar derelerinin taşıdığı alüvyonlarla dolmuş ve kıyı çizgisi tipik bir delta gelişimi ile körfezin orta bölümüne doğru ilerlemiştir. Bu değişmeler delta kuzeyindeki Emek sırtlarındaki Küçük Yamanlar höyüğünün jeoarkeolojisi üzerinde de etkili olmuştur. Hem Karşıyaka deltasının gelişiminin hem de tarih öncesinden günümüze yerleşimler üzerine etkilerinin açıklanabilmesi için delgi sondajlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca zemin etüt sondajları ve özel sondajlardan yararlanılmıştır. Sondaj örneklerinin sedimantolojik, element ve mikrofosil analizleri yapılmıştır. Seçilen örneklerden ise C14 tarihlemeleri yaptırılmıştır. Eldeki verilere göre Karşıyaka deltasında Orta Holosen’den itibaren GÖ 7000-6000, 4000, 2000, 500’lü yılların kıyı çizgileri ayrılmıştır. Bunların yanında delta dolguları yansıttıkları ortamlara göre, eskiden yeniye doğru; Pre-Holosen etek dolguları, denizel ortam, kıyı bataklığı, kıyı kumları-okları, taşkın delta ovası dolguları olmak üzere 5 birime ayrılmıştır. Bunların yanında delta kıyısında son 100 yıl içinde meydana gelmiş antropojenetik değişim ele alınmıştır.
Karşıyaka delta is on the northern edge of İzmir gulf. Delta was formed and shaped by the alluviums carried by the Örnekköy and Yamanlar creeks, which were sourced from the Yamanlar mountain, filling the north side of the İzmir gulf. At the beginning of the Holocene, the sea level, which was at -50 m elevation, rose rapidly and the north shoreline of the İzmir Gulf advanced to the back of the Emek ridges, where the structural basin on the southern slopes of Yamanlar Mountain opened to the present delta. The shallow sea reaching the present level with the Holocene transgression was filled with the alluviums carried by the Örnekköy and Yamanlar creeks, and the shoreline progressed to the middle part of the gulf with a typical delta development. These changes were also effective on the geoarchaeology of Küçük Yamanlar mound on the Emek ridges north of the delta. Core drillings have been carried out in order to explain both the development of Karsiyaka delta and the effects on the settlements from prehistoric times to present. In addition to these, ground exploration drillings and special drillings conducted by different corporations have been utilized. Sedimentological, elemental and microfossil analyzes of drilling samples were carried out. C14 dates were done from the selected samples. According to the information obtained, the coastlines of the years 7000-6000, 4000, 2000, 500 from the Middle Holocene to present were separated in Karşıyaka delta fillings. In addition to these, according to the environments that delta fillings reflect, Pre-Holocene foothill fillings, marine environment, coastal marsh, coastal sand-arrows, flood-delta plain are separated into five alluvial unit. Also, the anthropogenetic change that has taken place over the last 100 years along the delta has been discussed.
Geomorphological Research Around Gerga-Kome (Çine-Aydın) and Geoarchaeological Interpretations, 2023
The foothills of the high areas surrounding the plains and the plateau surfaces on them are landf... more The foothills of the high areas surrounding the plains and the plateau surfaces on them are landforms where many settlements have been located from past to present. Gerga Kome is one of these settlements, located in the south-east of the Çine depression, which is the sub-graben of the Büyük Menderes graben. The study aims to reveal the geomorphological characteristics of the area where Gerga Kome is located and its effect on the settlement and ancient cultures.
Tarih Boyunca Birgi ve Mahallelerinin Gelişimi ile Yeryüzü, 2024
Birgi Bozdağlar'ın güney eteklerinde bulunan bir birikinti konisi üzerinde yer alan en az 5500 yı... more Birgi Bozdağlar'ın güney eteklerinde bulunan bir birikinti konisi üzerinde yer alan en az 5500 yıllık tarihi ve görkemli başkentlik dönemi ile önemli bir kadim kenttir. Yerleşim, birikinti konisinin engebeli yüzeyine ve bunu derince yarmış derelerin kenarlarına kurulmuştur. Küçük Menderes Havzası içinde kalan kent, bu alanda var olmuş; Tunç Çağı, Roma, Lidya, Bizans, Aydınoğlu Beyliği ve Osmanlı döneminin izlerini özgün doğal-kültürel dokusu içinde günümüze kadar saklamıştır. İlk yerleşimden günümüze kadar gelişen kent ve mahalleleri kentsel dokunun yeryüzü şekillerinin kontrolünde geliştiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu gelişimin açıklanması için tarihi belge ve yayınlardan yola çıkarak mahalle ve nüfus gelişimi araştırılmıştır. Diğer yandan koni morfometrisi üzerine jeomorfolojik saha çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Böylece Birgi Kenti ve mahallelerinin gelişiminin birikinti konisinin morfolojisi ile ilişkileri tüm detayları ile ortaya konulmuştur.
Birgi is an important ancient city with a history of at least 5500 years and a magnificent capital period, located on a cone of debris on the southern foothills of Bozdağlar. The settlement was built on the rugged surface of the alluvial cone and along the streams that cut it deeply. The city, which is within the Küçük Menderes Basin, has existed in this area and has preserved the traces of the Bronze Age, Roman, Lydian, Byzantine, Aydınoğlu Principality, and Ottoman periods in its original natural-cultural texture until today. The cities and districts that have developed from the first settlement to the present reveal that the urban texture developed under the control of landforms. In this study, neighborhood and population development was researched based on historical documents and publications in order to explain this development. On the other hand, geomorphological field studies have been carried out on natural fills and cone morphometry. Thus, the relationship between the development of the Districts of Birgi City and the morphology of the alluvial cone has been revealed in detail.
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Karşıyaka delta is on the northern edge of İzmir gulf. Delta was formed and shaped by the alluviums carried by the Örnekköy and Yamanlar creeks, which were sourced from the Yamanlar mountain, filling the north side of the İzmir gulf. At the beginning of the Holocene, the sea level, which was at -50 m elevation, rose rapidly and the north shoreline of the İzmir Gulf advanced to the back of the Emek ridges, where the structural basin on the southern slopes of Yamanlar Mountain opened to the present delta. The shallow sea reaching the present level with the Holocene transgression was filled with the alluviums carried by the Örnekköy and Yamanlar creeks, and the shoreline progressed to the middle part of the gulf with a typical delta development. These changes were also effective on the geoarchaeology of Küçük Yamanlar mound on the Emek ridges north of the delta. Core drillings have been carried out in order to explain both the development of Karsiyaka delta and the effects on the settlements from prehistoric times to present. In addition to these, ground exploration drillings and special drillings conducted by different corporations have been utilized. Sedimentological, elemental and microfossil analyzes of drilling samples were carried out. C14 dates were done from the selected samples. According to the information obtained, the coastlines of the years 7000-6000, 4000, 2000, 500 from the Middle Holocene to present were separated in Karşıyaka delta fillings. In addition to these, according to the environments that delta fillings reflect, Pre-Holocene foothill fillings, marine environment, coastal marsh, coastal sand-arrows, flood-delta plain are separated into five alluvial unit. Also, the anthropogenetic change that has taken place over the last 100 years along the delta has been discussed.
Papers by Emre Kara
Birgi is an important ancient city with a history of at least 5500 years and a magnificent capital period, located on a cone of debris on the southern foothills of Bozdağlar. The settlement was built on the rugged surface of the alluvial cone and along the streams that cut it deeply. The city, which is within the Küçük Menderes Basin, has existed in this area and has preserved the traces of the Bronze Age, Roman, Lydian, Byzantine, Aydınoğlu Principality, and Ottoman periods in its original natural-cultural texture until today. The cities and districts that have developed from the first settlement to the present reveal that the urban texture developed under the control of landforms. In this study, neighborhood and population development was researched based on historical documents and publications in order to explain this development. On the other hand, geomorphological field studies have been carried out on natural fills and cone morphometry. Thus, the relationship between the development of the Districts of Birgi City and the morphology of the alluvial cone has been revealed in detail.
Karşıyaka delta is on the northern edge of İzmir gulf. Delta was formed and shaped by the alluviums carried by the Örnekköy and Yamanlar creeks, which were sourced from the Yamanlar mountain, filling the north side of the İzmir gulf. At the beginning of the Holocene, the sea level, which was at -50 m elevation, rose rapidly and the north shoreline of the İzmir Gulf advanced to the back of the Emek ridges, where the structural basin on the southern slopes of Yamanlar Mountain opened to the present delta. The shallow sea reaching the present level with the Holocene transgression was filled with the alluviums carried by the Örnekköy and Yamanlar creeks, and the shoreline progressed to the middle part of the gulf with a typical delta development. These changes were also effective on the geoarchaeology of Küçük Yamanlar mound on the Emek ridges north of the delta. Core drillings have been carried out in order to explain both the development of Karsiyaka delta and the effects on the settlements from prehistoric times to present. In addition to these, ground exploration drillings and special drillings conducted by different corporations have been utilized. Sedimentological, elemental and microfossil analyzes of drilling samples were carried out. C14 dates were done from the selected samples. According to the information obtained, the coastlines of the years 7000-6000, 4000, 2000, 500 from the Middle Holocene to present were separated in Karşıyaka delta fillings. In addition to these, according to the environments that delta fillings reflect, Pre-Holocene foothill fillings, marine environment, coastal marsh, coastal sand-arrows, flood-delta plain are separated into five alluvial unit. Also, the anthropogenetic change that has taken place over the last 100 years along the delta has been discussed.
Birgi is an important ancient city with a history of at least 5500 years and a magnificent capital period, located on a cone of debris on the southern foothills of Bozdağlar. The settlement was built on the rugged surface of the alluvial cone and along the streams that cut it deeply. The city, which is within the Küçük Menderes Basin, has existed in this area and has preserved the traces of the Bronze Age, Roman, Lydian, Byzantine, Aydınoğlu Principality, and Ottoman periods in its original natural-cultural texture until today. The cities and districts that have developed from the first settlement to the present reveal that the urban texture developed under the control of landforms. In this study, neighborhood and population development was researched based on historical documents and publications in order to explain this development. On the other hand, geomorphological field studies have been carried out on natural fills and cone morphometry. Thus, the relationship between the development of the Districts of Birgi City and the morphology of the alluvial cone has been revealed in detail.