Второй том "Свода объектов культурного наследия Республики Бурятия", посвященный памятникам архео... more Второй том "Свода объектов культурного наследия Республики Бурятия", посвященный памятникам археологии, издан в рамках реализации ведомственной целевой программы Министерства культуры Республики Бурятия по популяризации памятников. Книга рассчитана не только для специалистов в области охраны культурного наследия, историков, археологов, краеведов, музейных работников, но и для широкого круга читателей, интересующихся историей и культурой Республики Бурятия.
Millet is a highly adaptable plant whose cultivation dramatically altered ancient economies in no... more Millet is a highly adaptable plant whose cultivation dramatically altered ancient economies in northern Asia. The adoption of millet is associated with increased subsistence reliability in semiarid settings and perceived as a cultigen compatible with pastoralism. Here, we examine the pace of millet’s transmission and locales of adoption by compiling stable carbon isotope data from humans and fauna, then comparing them to environmental variables. The Bayesian modelling of isotope data allows for the assessment of changes in dietary intake over time and space. Our results suggest variability in the pace of adoption and intensification of millet production across northern Asia.
The paper features the results of an analysis of satellite images of the territory of Mongolia an... more The paper features the results of an analysis of satellite images of the territory of Mongolia and Western Transbaikalia obtained from free sources. Monitoring of the images allowed to identify new objects, which are interpreted by the authors as the remains of ancient hillforts of nomadic Empires - the Xiongnu, Uighurs, Khitan and Mongol. The paper provides the preliminary dating and description of the objects.
According to modern concept of dealing with archeological heritage sites, these sites are non‑ren... more According to modern concept of dealing with archeological heritage sites, these sites are non‑renewable, irreplaceable cultural source. Interdisciplinary approach we used in our research allowed to collect new data about elements of structural ingeneering in Xiongnu fortress without curtural layer destruction. The cultural layer of an archaeological site is considered as an integral part of the geological section. GPR used in contouring soil irregularities of human origin is one of the most required method in modern research practice of archeological sites. The problem of electrophysical irregularities spatial layout can be solved by 3D layer‑by‑layer interpretation. With various degree of reliability we found local objects whose ruins are consealed in modern geological deposits. We found local object whose construction features with some assumption are compatible to building structure type archeologically explored in north‑east of site’s inner part. We identified general concept of building in domestic development and double fortification system. Based on visually located soil deformations and distance between axial sections of fortification system located by georadiolocation we reconstructed key points of fortifications structural plan project. Considering geolocation data we submit an idealized model of two‑leveled fortification system spatial organization in Bayan Under hillfort which can show the new perspectives necessary not only for understanding of investigated archeological site but also for characterizing the level of xiongnu military engineering. Complexation of data obtained during archeological and geological‑geophysical research provides acquisition of whole new level data necessary for expanding historical and cultural context of research object and accomplishing of historical reconstruction.
The paper is devoted to the preliminary results of the study of the Mangirtuy Xiongnu settlement ... more The paper is devoted to the preliminary results of the study of the Mangirtuy Xiongnu settlement in Western Transbaikalia. Three semi‑subterranean dwellings and 14 pits were researched at the site. The dwellings have common features with the dwellings of the Ivolga Fortress and the settlement of Dureny in Western Transbaikalia and the settlement of Boroo gol in Mongolia. The architecture of the dwelling 2 is distinguished by the presence of a wooden walls preserved along the perimeter of the dwelling pit. The pits are of different shapes and sizes, large rectangular pits with rounded corners are identified as utility pits. Analysis of material and archaeozoological collection allows us to draw some conclusions on the main directions of economic activity of the population. The direct evidence of agriculture were not found. The archaeozoological collection includes 6 types of domestic animals: dog, horse, pig, cattle, sheep and goat; three game species: hare, roe deer and red deer. Bones of birds and fish are rare. Cattle ranks second in the bone spectrum, but in terms of slaughter weight, it is dominant. The find of a piece of a crutch in dwelling 1 indicates that they were engaged in metalworking. Finds of animal bones with traces of processing indicate the presence of bone carving craft. Determination of the chronology of the settlement at this stage of the study is difficult, because the available radiocarbon dates are loosely placed in the chronological frames of the Xiongnu culture in Western Transbaikalia. A bronze buckle in the shape of a head of a cat predator from a household pit 8 has analogies with a find in Mongolia dating back to the I century B.C. — I century A.D. There is reason to believe that the appearance of settlements in the Xiongnu Empire was the result of the concentration in the steppe of a large number of immigrants from China. Children’s burials in the vessels of the Ivolga complex and the Dureny settlement are one of the evidence in favor of this assumption.
This paper highlights the results of the activities of the staff of the Laboratory of Archaeology... more This paper highlights the results of the activities of the staff of the Laboratory of Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of the IMBT SB RAS, aimed at preserving, recording and processing the existing archaeological collections of the IMBT SB RAS. A brief history of the formation of the Institute's archaeological collections in the course of archaeological research in Buryatia is given. Quantitative information is given on the composition of collections and their content. Stages of work on preservation of collections are defined. The created accounting documentation of the Institute's archaeological collections – the topographical book, the collection accounting book-became a reparatory stage for creating a database of archaeological collections at the Institute.
The Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic pastoralists, including the X... more The Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic pastoralists, including the Xiongnu and the Mongols. However, little is known about the region’s population history. Here, we reveal its dynamic genetic history by analyzing new genome-wide data for 214 ancient individuals spanning 6,000 years. We identify a pastoralist expansion into Mongolia ca. 3000 BCE, and by the Late Bronze Age, Mongolian populations were biogeographically structured into three distinct groups, all practicing dairy pastoralism regardless of ancestry. The Xiongnu emerged from the mixing of these populations and those from surrounding regions. By comparison, the Mongols exhibit much higher eastern Eurasian ancestry, resembling present-day Mongolic-speaking populations. Our results illuminate the complex interplay between genetic, sociopolitical, and cultural changes on the Eastern Steppe.
Two mirrors which were unearthed in 2016–2017 on the Nur-Tukhum archaeological complex are analyz... more Two mirrors which were unearthed in 2016–2017 on the Nur-Tukhum archaeological complex are analyzed in the paper. The first finding is represented by a fragment of a Chinese bronze mirror of the TLV type, originating from the Xiongnu burial, the second one is a round metal mirror from a medieval dwelling. The T-, L- and V-shaped signs, as well as images of fantastic creatures are fixed on preserved fragment of the ornamental field of the Chinese mirror. The mirrors of this type are dated by 1st –2nd centuries AD. The main ornamental field of the second mirror is filled with images of dragons of the air and water elements. The artifact differs in its characteristics from similar mirrors by the absence of a cone-loop in the center of the product and an eight-arched frame on the inside of the rim. Such mirrors are dated from the 13th – 14th centuries. The authors describe the mirrors, the technology and chemical composition of products, a chronological justification, and also reveal the semantics of images.
The history of Ulan-Ude is in many ways similar to the history of any Siberian city. Starting fro... more The history of Ulan-Ude is in many ways similar to the history of any Siberian city. Starting from wintering place («zimovye») in 1665, fort («ostrog»), a fortification, over a time it became a commercial, cultural, industrial scientific and political center, turning into the capital of the Republic of Buryatia in the XX century. Based on written and archaeological data, we tried to restore the history of the construction and development of the Udinsky Ostrog, which marked the beginning of the modern Russian city
In 2016, rescue archaeological excavations were carried out on the territory of the Udinsky Fort ... more In 2016, rescue archaeological excavations were carried out on the territory of the Udinsky Fort as part of a project to reconstruct historical quarters in the central part of the city of Ulan-Ude. Investigations revealed a part of the western defensive wall of the fortress – a “taras” construction consisting of seven chambers. According to archival data, this fortification functioned from the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 19th centuries. As a result of archaeological excavations were formed collections of archaeological material, anthropological remains from the Orthodox necropolis, fragments of wooden structures for dendrochronological definitions, as well as an impressive archeozoological collection. The definition of materials in the archeozoological collection showed the presence of different categories of bone residues. Waste cuttings carcasses, food garbage as well as products made of bone and tusk were found. The dominant residues are bones of cattle. All other domestic species are few and hunted ones are single in the collection. The sizes of cattle are small and fit into the range of variability of aboriginal breeds. The food spectrum determines the meat diet of the residents of Udinskiy Fort – mainly beef was consumed, other types of meat occupy an insignificant share. Bone residues allowed finding out some taphonomic factors of material preservation in dry ground.
The multi-temporal cemetery Enkhor is located in the Dzhida district of the Republic of Buryatia ... more The multi-temporal cemetery Enkhor is located in the Dzhida district of the Republic of Buryatia (South-Western Transbaikalia), east of the village Enkhor. There were studied about a hundred graves. Ten of them turned out to be Xiongnu. During the excavation of the Xiongnu grave No. 52, belt accessories were found - buckles, plaques, and hanging rings. The sizes of the four found plaques vary in the range: height 3–3.5 cm, width 1.6–1.8 cm. Describing belt furniture from the Xiongnu
necropolis has numerous analogies in funerary complexes of the Xiongnu and Xianbi period in a vast territory from Manchuria to Khakassia, from Southern Govi to Transbaikalia. Among the decorating items of the belts found in these sites, the main attention is attracted to moulding bronze buckles and plaques with relief images of the horse in two versions - realistic image of the animal in a trotting race and a fantastic image of a winged Pegasus unicorn, as well as a standing deer with a highly raised and turned head to the backside. Right these works of art creativity, found in graves, determined by archaeologists in some
cases as Xiongnu, in others as Xianbian, tend to become a factor of conflicting ethnic attribution of various funerary complexes in this territory. The article suggests a possible version of a correct explanation of such discussion situations.
The paper deals with the introducing into scientific circulation the results of an investigation ... more The paper deals with the introducing into scientific circulation the results of an investigation of a medieval dwelling, revealed by the authors during a survey of the Xiongnu cemetery. This cemetery has been included into the Nur-Tukhum archaeological complex studied in 2015 in Western Trans-Baikal region (between the Selenga and Chikoi rivers). The dwelling was semi-subterranean type with stove heating. As a result of the excavations, the collection of metal, bone and wood artifacts was obtained. The materials are dated back in a wide chronological range, 14C radiocarbon dates show that the dwelling functioned in the 14th–15th centuries AD. In historical and archaeological terms, this period is considered “dark” in the history of Buryatia (Western Transbaikalia). It is clear that further investigations of this site are needed to obtain data on the architectural and planigraphic features of the settlement, the definition of the reciprocal links between its structural elements and the new archaeological collection to correlate with the available materials of the burial monuments, which will allow a clearer interpretation of the monument in the historical and chronological context.
This article presents the first results of dendrochronological studies, which will form the dendr... more This article presents the first results of dendrochronological studies, which will form the dendrodates database of the cultural heritage objects of the Western Transbaikalia. One of the first objects for study was chosen a stage barn, located in the Ulan-Ude Ethnographic Museum. Presumptive dating of the stage barn - the middle of the XIX century. According to the results of dendrochronological studies, it is established that the year of construction of the stage barn is 1829. The obtained regional chronology will be used to date the remains of wooden structures of the Udinsky stockaded town.
This study highlights the archaeozoological subject. The results of the analysis of bone remains ... more This study highlights the archaeozoological subject. The results of the analysis of bone remains of Xiongnu of the Mangirtuy settlement from excavations of 2017 are presented. The distribution of remains in the planning and stratigraphic aspects is established. The shares of different types of livestock were calculated in advance. We established the prevalence of caprinae and parity indicators of other ungulate species in the economy. We revealed differences of a tafonomic character between the preservation of bones of various species in the layer and in local structures - pits. Hanting activities played an auxiliary role in the economy.
The Institution of state historical and cultural expertise in the Republic of Buryatia took a lon... more The Institution of state historical and cultural expertise in the Republic of Buryatia took a long time and depended directly on the main laws received in Moscow. The term of «state historical and cultural expertise» appears in 2002 in the Federal Law «On Objects of Cultural Heritage (Monuments of History and Culture) of the Nations of the Russian Federation». Later there are subordinate acts regulating the conduct of historical and cultural expertise. The author considers the regional specifics of the state historical and cultural expertise in the field of archeological area.
In the Republic of Buryatia in result of historical and cultural expertise the archaeological sit... more In the Republic of Buryatia in result of historical and cultural expertise the archaeological sites, which were need to be submitted to rescue excavation. 2016 year was marked by some «boom» of archaeological rescue excavations, when during a field season rescue excavations were undertaken at several sites by the different organizations. The paper deals with brief of rescue excavations of IMBT SB RAS in 2016-2017. There is a preliminary «book of orders» for the rescue excavations of the archaeological sites.
Второй том "Свода объектов культурного наследия Республики Бурятия", посвященный памятникам архео... more Второй том "Свода объектов культурного наследия Республики Бурятия", посвященный памятникам археологии, издан в рамках реализации ведомственной целевой программы Министерства культуры Республики Бурятия по популяризации памятников. Книга рассчитана не только для специалистов в области охраны культурного наследия, историков, археологов, краеведов, музейных работников, но и для широкого круга читателей, интересующихся историей и культурой Республики Бурятия.
Millet is a highly adaptable plant whose cultivation dramatically altered ancient economies in no... more Millet is a highly adaptable plant whose cultivation dramatically altered ancient economies in northern Asia. The adoption of millet is associated with increased subsistence reliability in semiarid settings and perceived as a cultigen compatible with pastoralism. Here, we examine the pace of millet’s transmission and locales of adoption by compiling stable carbon isotope data from humans and fauna, then comparing them to environmental variables. The Bayesian modelling of isotope data allows for the assessment of changes in dietary intake over time and space. Our results suggest variability in the pace of adoption and intensification of millet production across northern Asia.
The paper features the results of an analysis of satellite images of the territory of Mongolia an... more The paper features the results of an analysis of satellite images of the territory of Mongolia and Western Transbaikalia obtained from free sources. Monitoring of the images allowed to identify new objects, which are interpreted by the authors as the remains of ancient hillforts of nomadic Empires - the Xiongnu, Uighurs, Khitan and Mongol. The paper provides the preliminary dating and description of the objects.
According to modern concept of dealing with archeological heritage sites, these sites are non‑ren... more According to modern concept of dealing with archeological heritage sites, these sites are non‑renewable, irreplaceable cultural source. Interdisciplinary approach we used in our research allowed to collect new data about elements of structural ingeneering in Xiongnu fortress without curtural layer destruction. The cultural layer of an archaeological site is considered as an integral part of the geological section. GPR used in contouring soil irregularities of human origin is one of the most required method in modern research practice of archeological sites. The problem of electrophysical irregularities spatial layout can be solved by 3D layer‑by‑layer interpretation. With various degree of reliability we found local objects whose ruins are consealed in modern geological deposits. We found local object whose construction features with some assumption are compatible to building structure type archeologically explored in north‑east of site’s inner part. We identified general concept of building in domestic development and double fortification system. Based on visually located soil deformations and distance between axial sections of fortification system located by georadiolocation we reconstructed key points of fortifications structural plan project. Considering geolocation data we submit an idealized model of two‑leveled fortification system spatial organization in Bayan Under hillfort which can show the new perspectives necessary not only for understanding of investigated archeological site but also for characterizing the level of xiongnu military engineering. Complexation of data obtained during archeological and geological‑geophysical research provides acquisition of whole new level data necessary for expanding historical and cultural context of research object and accomplishing of historical reconstruction.
The paper is devoted to the preliminary results of the study of the Mangirtuy Xiongnu settlement ... more The paper is devoted to the preliminary results of the study of the Mangirtuy Xiongnu settlement in Western Transbaikalia. Three semi‑subterranean dwellings and 14 pits were researched at the site. The dwellings have common features with the dwellings of the Ivolga Fortress and the settlement of Dureny in Western Transbaikalia and the settlement of Boroo gol in Mongolia. The architecture of the dwelling 2 is distinguished by the presence of a wooden walls preserved along the perimeter of the dwelling pit. The pits are of different shapes and sizes, large rectangular pits with rounded corners are identified as utility pits. Analysis of material and archaeozoological collection allows us to draw some conclusions on the main directions of economic activity of the population. The direct evidence of agriculture were not found. The archaeozoological collection includes 6 types of domestic animals: dog, horse, pig, cattle, sheep and goat; three game species: hare, roe deer and red deer. Bones of birds and fish are rare. Cattle ranks second in the bone spectrum, but in terms of slaughter weight, it is dominant. The find of a piece of a crutch in dwelling 1 indicates that they were engaged in metalworking. Finds of animal bones with traces of processing indicate the presence of bone carving craft. Determination of the chronology of the settlement at this stage of the study is difficult, because the available radiocarbon dates are loosely placed in the chronological frames of the Xiongnu culture in Western Transbaikalia. A bronze buckle in the shape of a head of a cat predator from a household pit 8 has analogies with a find in Mongolia dating back to the I century B.C. — I century A.D. There is reason to believe that the appearance of settlements in the Xiongnu Empire was the result of the concentration in the steppe of a large number of immigrants from China. Children’s burials in the vessels of the Ivolga complex and the Dureny settlement are one of the evidence in favor of this assumption.
This paper highlights the results of the activities of the staff of the Laboratory of Archaeology... more This paper highlights the results of the activities of the staff of the Laboratory of Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of the IMBT SB RAS, aimed at preserving, recording and processing the existing archaeological collections of the IMBT SB RAS. A brief history of the formation of the Institute's archaeological collections in the course of archaeological research in Buryatia is given. Quantitative information is given on the composition of collections and their content. Stages of work on preservation of collections are defined. The created accounting documentation of the Institute's archaeological collections – the topographical book, the collection accounting book-became a reparatory stage for creating a database of archaeological collections at the Institute.
The Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic pastoralists, including the X... more The Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic pastoralists, including the Xiongnu and the Mongols. However, little is known about the region’s population history. Here, we reveal its dynamic genetic history by analyzing new genome-wide data for 214 ancient individuals spanning 6,000 years. We identify a pastoralist expansion into Mongolia ca. 3000 BCE, and by the Late Bronze Age, Mongolian populations were biogeographically structured into three distinct groups, all practicing dairy pastoralism regardless of ancestry. The Xiongnu emerged from the mixing of these populations and those from surrounding regions. By comparison, the Mongols exhibit much higher eastern Eurasian ancestry, resembling present-day Mongolic-speaking populations. Our results illuminate the complex interplay between genetic, sociopolitical, and cultural changes on the Eastern Steppe.
Two mirrors which were unearthed in 2016–2017 on the Nur-Tukhum archaeological complex are analyz... more Two mirrors which were unearthed in 2016–2017 on the Nur-Tukhum archaeological complex are analyzed in the paper. The first finding is represented by a fragment of a Chinese bronze mirror of the TLV type, originating from the Xiongnu burial, the second one is a round metal mirror from a medieval dwelling. The T-, L- and V-shaped signs, as well as images of fantastic creatures are fixed on preserved fragment of the ornamental field of the Chinese mirror. The mirrors of this type are dated by 1st –2nd centuries AD. The main ornamental field of the second mirror is filled with images of dragons of the air and water elements. The artifact differs in its characteristics from similar mirrors by the absence of a cone-loop in the center of the product and an eight-arched frame on the inside of the rim. Such mirrors are dated from the 13th – 14th centuries. The authors describe the mirrors, the technology and chemical composition of products, a chronological justification, and also reveal the semantics of images.
The history of Ulan-Ude is in many ways similar to the history of any Siberian city. Starting fro... more The history of Ulan-Ude is in many ways similar to the history of any Siberian city. Starting from wintering place («zimovye») in 1665, fort («ostrog»), a fortification, over a time it became a commercial, cultural, industrial scientific and political center, turning into the capital of the Republic of Buryatia in the XX century. Based on written and archaeological data, we tried to restore the history of the construction and development of the Udinsky Ostrog, which marked the beginning of the modern Russian city
In 2016, rescue archaeological excavations were carried out on the territory of the Udinsky Fort ... more In 2016, rescue archaeological excavations were carried out on the territory of the Udinsky Fort as part of a project to reconstruct historical quarters in the central part of the city of Ulan-Ude. Investigations revealed a part of the western defensive wall of the fortress – a “taras” construction consisting of seven chambers. According to archival data, this fortification functioned from the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 19th centuries. As a result of archaeological excavations were formed collections of archaeological material, anthropological remains from the Orthodox necropolis, fragments of wooden structures for dendrochronological definitions, as well as an impressive archeozoological collection. The definition of materials in the archeozoological collection showed the presence of different categories of bone residues. Waste cuttings carcasses, food garbage as well as products made of bone and tusk were found. The dominant residues are bones of cattle. All other domestic species are few and hunted ones are single in the collection. The sizes of cattle are small and fit into the range of variability of aboriginal breeds. The food spectrum determines the meat diet of the residents of Udinskiy Fort – mainly beef was consumed, other types of meat occupy an insignificant share. Bone residues allowed finding out some taphonomic factors of material preservation in dry ground.
The multi-temporal cemetery Enkhor is located in the Dzhida district of the Republic of Buryatia ... more The multi-temporal cemetery Enkhor is located in the Dzhida district of the Republic of Buryatia (South-Western Transbaikalia), east of the village Enkhor. There were studied about a hundred graves. Ten of them turned out to be Xiongnu. During the excavation of the Xiongnu grave No. 52, belt accessories were found - buckles, plaques, and hanging rings. The sizes of the four found plaques vary in the range: height 3–3.5 cm, width 1.6–1.8 cm. Describing belt furniture from the Xiongnu
necropolis has numerous analogies in funerary complexes of the Xiongnu and Xianbi period in a vast territory from Manchuria to Khakassia, from Southern Govi to Transbaikalia. Among the decorating items of the belts found in these sites, the main attention is attracted to moulding bronze buckles and plaques with relief images of the horse in two versions - realistic image of the animal in a trotting race and a fantastic image of a winged Pegasus unicorn, as well as a standing deer with a highly raised and turned head to the backside. Right these works of art creativity, found in graves, determined by archaeologists in some
cases as Xiongnu, in others as Xianbian, tend to become a factor of conflicting ethnic attribution of various funerary complexes in this territory. The article suggests a possible version of a correct explanation of such discussion situations.
The paper deals with the introducing into scientific circulation the results of an investigation ... more The paper deals with the introducing into scientific circulation the results of an investigation of a medieval dwelling, revealed by the authors during a survey of the Xiongnu cemetery. This cemetery has been included into the Nur-Tukhum archaeological complex studied in 2015 in Western Trans-Baikal region (between the Selenga and Chikoi rivers). The dwelling was semi-subterranean type with stove heating. As a result of the excavations, the collection of metal, bone and wood artifacts was obtained. The materials are dated back in a wide chronological range, 14C radiocarbon dates show that the dwelling functioned in the 14th–15th centuries AD. In historical and archaeological terms, this period is considered “dark” in the history of Buryatia (Western Transbaikalia). It is clear that further investigations of this site are needed to obtain data on the architectural and planigraphic features of the settlement, the definition of the reciprocal links between its structural elements and the new archaeological collection to correlate with the available materials of the burial monuments, which will allow a clearer interpretation of the monument in the historical and chronological context.
This article presents the first results of dendrochronological studies, which will form the dendr... more This article presents the first results of dendrochronological studies, which will form the dendrodates database of the cultural heritage objects of the Western Transbaikalia. One of the first objects for study was chosen a stage barn, located in the Ulan-Ude Ethnographic Museum. Presumptive dating of the stage barn - the middle of the XIX century. According to the results of dendrochronological studies, it is established that the year of construction of the stage barn is 1829. The obtained regional chronology will be used to date the remains of wooden structures of the Udinsky stockaded town.
This study highlights the archaeozoological subject. The results of the analysis of bone remains ... more This study highlights the archaeozoological subject. The results of the analysis of bone remains of Xiongnu of the Mangirtuy settlement from excavations of 2017 are presented. The distribution of remains in the planning and stratigraphic aspects is established. The shares of different types of livestock were calculated in advance. We established the prevalence of caprinae and parity indicators of other ungulate species in the economy. We revealed differences of a tafonomic character between the preservation of bones of various species in the layer and in local structures - pits. Hanting activities played an auxiliary role in the economy.
The Institution of state historical and cultural expertise in the Republic of Buryatia took a lon... more The Institution of state historical and cultural expertise in the Republic of Buryatia took a long time and depended directly on the main laws received in Moscow. The term of «state historical and cultural expertise» appears in 2002 in the Federal Law «On Objects of Cultural Heritage (Monuments of History and Culture) of the Nations of the Russian Federation». Later there are subordinate acts regulating the conduct of historical and cultural expertise. The author considers the regional specifics of the state historical and cultural expertise in the field of archeological area.
In the Republic of Buryatia in result of historical and cultural expertise the archaeological sit... more In the Republic of Buryatia in result of historical and cultural expertise the archaeological sites, which were need to be submitted to rescue excavation. 2016 year was marked by some «boom» of archaeological rescue excavations, when during a field season rescue excavations were undertaken at several sites by the different organizations. The paper deals with brief of rescue excavations of IMBT SB RAS in 2016-2017. There is a preliminary «book of orders» for the rescue excavations of the archaeological sites.
Biography of the institutor of the laboratory of archaeology in Buryat scientific center, the ScD... more Biography of the institutor of the laboratory of archaeology in Buryat scientific center, the ScD, professor, head scientist researcher of the Institute of mongolian, buddhist and tibetian studies of SB RAS Konovalov Prokopy Batyurovich. Since 1976 to 1992, P. B. Konovalov was heading the research group of archaeology, in the period of 1981-2006 was concerning with educational work in Buryat Pedagogical Institute, Buryat branch of NSU, and then on the Oriental studies Faculty of BSU, where he headed the created by him Department of history, archaeology and ethnography. P. B. Konovalov is a leading expert in the field of ancient and medieval history and culture of the people of Central Asia, Southern and Eastern Siberia. The field of his scientific interests – ethnic history, ethno genesis and culture genesis of the Mongolian peoples.
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Книга рассчитана не только для специалистов в области охраны культурного наследия, историков, археологов, краеведов, музейных работников, но и для широкого круга читателей, интересующихся историей и культурой Республики Бурятия.
Analysis of material and archaeozoological collection allows us to draw some conclusions on the main directions of economic activity of the population. The direct evidence of agriculture were not found. The archaeozoological collection includes 6 types of domestic animals: dog, horse, pig, cattle, sheep and goat; three game species: hare, roe deer and red deer. Bones of birds and fish are rare. Cattle ranks second in the bone spectrum, but in terms of slaughter weight, it is dominant. The find of a piece of a crutch in dwelling 1 indicates that they were engaged in metalworking. Finds of animal bones with traces of processing indicate the presence of bone carving craft.
Determination of the chronology of the settlement at this stage of the study is difficult, because the available radiocarbon dates are loosely placed in the chronological frames of the Xiongnu culture in Western Transbaikalia. A bronze buckle in the shape of a head of a cat predator from a household pit 8 has analogies with a find in Mongolia dating back to the I century B.C. — I century A.D.
There is reason to believe that the appearance of settlements in the Xiongnu Empire was the result of the concentration in the steppe of a large number of immigrants from China. Children’s burials in the vessels of the Ivolga complex and the Dureny settlement are one of the evidence in favor of this assumption.
necropolis has numerous analogies in funerary complexes of the Xiongnu and Xianbi period in a vast territory from Manchuria to Khakassia, from Southern Govi to Transbaikalia. Among the decorating items of the belts found in these sites, the main attention is attracted to moulding bronze buckles and plaques with relief images of the horse in two versions - realistic image of the animal in a trotting race and a fantastic image of a winged Pegasus unicorn, as well as a standing deer with a highly raised and turned head to the backside. Right these works of art creativity, found in graves, determined by archaeologists in some
cases as Xiongnu, in others as Xianbian, tend to become a factor of conflicting ethnic attribution of various funerary complexes in this territory. The article suggests a possible version of a correct explanation of such discussion situations.
Книга рассчитана не только для специалистов в области охраны культурного наследия, историков, археологов, краеведов, музейных работников, но и для широкого круга читателей, интересующихся историей и культурой Республики Бурятия.
Analysis of material and archaeozoological collection allows us to draw some conclusions on the main directions of economic activity of the population. The direct evidence of agriculture were not found. The archaeozoological collection includes 6 types of domestic animals: dog, horse, pig, cattle, sheep and goat; three game species: hare, roe deer and red deer. Bones of birds and fish are rare. Cattle ranks second in the bone spectrum, but in terms of slaughter weight, it is dominant. The find of a piece of a crutch in dwelling 1 indicates that they were engaged in metalworking. Finds of animal bones with traces of processing indicate the presence of bone carving craft.
Determination of the chronology of the settlement at this stage of the study is difficult, because the available radiocarbon dates are loosely placed in the chronological frames of the Xiongnu culture in Western Transbaikalia. A bronze buckle in the shape of a head of a cat predator from a household pit 8 has analogies with a find in Mongolia dating back to the I century B.C. — I century A.D.
There is reason to believe that the appearance of settlements in the Xiongnu Empire was the result of the concentration in the steppe of a large number of immigrants from China. Children’s burials in the vessels of the Ivolga complex and the Dureny settlement are one of the evidence in favor of this assumption.
necropolis has numerous analogies in funerary complexes of the Xiongnu and Xianbi period in a vast territory from Manchuria to Khakassia, from Southern Govi to Transbaikalia. Among the decorating items of the belts found in these sites, the main attention is attracted to moulding bronze buckles and plaques with relief images of the horse in two versions - realistic image of the animal in a trotting race and a fantastic image of a winged Pegasus unicorn, as well as a standing deer with a highly raised and turned head to the backside. Right these works of art creativity, found in graves, determined by archaeologists in some
cases as Xiongnu, in others as Xianbian, tend to become a factor of conflicting ethnic attribution of various funerary complexes in this territory. The article suggests a possible version of a correct explanation of such discussion situations.