The multi-temporal cemetery Enkhor is located in the Dzhida district of the Republic of Buryatia ... more The multi-temporal cemetery Enkhor is located in the Dzhida district of the Republic of Buryatia (South-Western Transbaikalia), east of the village Enkhor. There were studied about a hundred graves. Ten of them turned out to be Xiongnu. During the excavation of the Xiongnu grave No. 52, belt accessories were found - buckles, plaques, and hanging rings. The sizes of the four found plaques vary in the range: height 3–3.5 cm, width 1.6–1.8 cm. Describing belt furniture from the Xiongnu
necropolis has numerous analogies in funerary complexes of the Xiongnu and Xianbi period in a vast territory from Manchuria to Khakassia, from Southern Govi to Transbaikalia. Among the decorating items of the belts found in these sites, the main attention is attracted to moulding bronze buckles and plaques with relief images of the horse in two versions - realistic image of the animal in a trotting race and a fantastic image of a winged Pegasus unicorn, as well as a standing deer with a highly raised and turned head to the backside. Right these works of art creativity, found in graves, determined by archaeologists in some
cases as Xiongnu, in others as Xianbian, tend to become a factor of conflicting ethnic attribution of various funerary complexes in this territory. The article suggests a possible version of a correct explanation of such discussion situations.
In 2016, rescue archaeological excavations were carried out on the territory of the Udinsky Fort ... more In 2016, rescue archaeological excavations were carried out on the territory of the Udinsky Fort as part of a project to reconstruct historical quarters in the central part of the city of Ulan-Ude. Investigations revealed a part of the western defensive wall of the fortress – a “taras” construction consisting of seven chambers. According to archival data, this fortification functioned from the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 19th centuries. As a result of archaeological excavations were formed collections of archaeological material, anthropological remains from the Orthodox necropolis, fragments of wooden structures for dendrochronological definitions, as well as an impressive archeozoological collection. The definition of materials in the archeozoological collection showed the presence of different categories of bone residues. Waste cuttings carcasses, food garbage as well as products made of bone and tusk were found. The dominant residues are bones of cattle. All other domestic species are few and hunted ones are single in the collection. The sizes of cattle are small and fit into the range of variability of aboriginal breeds. The food spectrum determines the meat diet of the residents of Udinskiy Fort – mainly beef was consumed, other types of meat occupy an insignificant share. Bone residues allowed finding out some taphonomic factors of material preservation in dry ground.
The history of Ulan-Ude is in many ways similar to the history of any Siberian city. Starting fro... more The history of Ulan-Ude is in many ways similar to the history of any Siberian city. Starting from wintering place («zimovye») in 1665, fort («ostrog»), a fortification, over a time it became a commercial, cultural, industrial scientific and political center, turning into the capital of the Republic of Buryatia in the XX century. Based on written and archaeological data, we tried to restore the history of the construction and development of the Udinsky Ostrog, which marked the beginning of the modern Russian city
Two mirrors which were unearthed in 2016–2017 on the Nur-Tukhum archaeological complex are analyz... more Two mirrors which were unearthed in 2016–2017 on the Nur-Tukhum archaeological complex are analyzed in the paper. The first finding is represented by a fragment of a Chinese bronze mirror of the TLV type, originating from the Xiongnu burial, the second one is a round metal mirror from a medieval dwelling. The T-, L- and V-shaped signs, as well as images of fantastic creatures are fixed on preserved fragment of the ornamental field of the Chinese mirror. The mirrors of this type are dated by 1st –2nd centuries AD. The main ornamental field of the second mirror is filled with images of dragons of the air and water elements. The artifact differs in its characteristics from similar mirrors by the absence of a cone-loop in the center of the product and an eight-arched frame on the inside of the rim. Such mirrors are dated from the 13th – 14th centuries. The authors describe the mirrors, the technology and chemical composition of products, a chronological justification, and also reveal the semantics of images.
In the Republic of Buryatia in result of historical and cultural expertise the archaeological sit... more In the Republic of Buryatia in result of historical and cultural expertise the archaeological sites, which were need to be submitted to rescue excavation. 2016 year was marked by some «boom» of archaeological rescue excavations, when during a field season rescue excavations were undertaken at several sites by the different organizations. The paper deals with brief of rescue excavations of IMBT SB RAS in 2016-2017. There is a preliminary «book of orders» for the rescue excavations of the archaeological sites.
ЕВРАЗИЯ В КАЙНОЗОЕ. СТРАТИГРАФИЯ, ПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ, КУЛЬТУРЫ, 2017
Since the era of the Xiongnu, nomads of Central Asia began to create cities as places of commerce... more Since the era of the Xiongnu, nomads of Central Asia began to create cities as places of commerce, craft centers, cult sites, fortifications. The period of domination of Old Uyghurs in Central Asia was marked by a new explosion of urban culture among nomads. In the time of the Uyghur Kaganate, a network of fortifications was established throughout Central Asia. The northern outposts were cities on the territory of modern Tuva. Due to the various objective reasons: geographic, climatic, economic, social, political, the nomads of Central Asia began to create forts, as a place of trade, handicraft centers, religious facilities, fortification for protection against the aggression of neighboring countries and tribal commissions. Urban development in the times of Uyghurs reached a high level. However, the emergence and development of the middle-ages cities in the nomadic societies has no final decision about the mechanism of urban culture. Research of the features of the space for development of urban settlements would clarify one aspect of the problem. Presently, only a few urban settlements are known in the territory of Central Asia and Southern Siberia. This article is dedicated to the research of Uyghur forts of Tuva, located in its Western part. The study is the result of a joint Russian-Mongolian expedition in 2011 on the territory of Barun-Khemchik (West-Khemchik) kozhuun and Dzun-Khemchik (East Khemchik) kozhuun. The collected data allowed to reproduce the latest topographical plans of settlements (with the orientation of the terrain relative to the sides, the presence of structures on their territory and more exact dimensions). The Uyghur expansion significantly influenced the ethnic composition of the population of Southern Siberia. The ancient Uyghurian layer is one of the most important in the ethnogenesis of the Tuvinians.
The paper deals with the first results of the rescue archeological excavations of the cemetery si... more The paper deals with the first results of the rescue archeological excavations of the cemetery site, located near ulus Verkhniy Burgaltay of Djida district in Buryatia. The intended building of the public road created a menace for destruction of khereksur near the line of road. In a result of excavations was found collection paleontological materials and artifacts concentrated in stone layer of the khereksur. The artefacts аre date from Xiongnu time. The excavated burial mound was a cenotaph.
The paper represents preliminary results of complex researches of Mangirtuy settlement. As a part... more The paper represents preliminary results of complex researches of Mangirtuy settlement. As a part of multidisciplinary research to identify, the special features of the structural organization of the cultural layer of Mangirtuy settlement, this complex formation is investigated as part of the modern geological deposits. The human in the places of the settlements has changed geological environment inserting in it an extrinsic to local situation deposits (the rock debris, wooden constructions and other). At the same time the human used the landscape for the purpose of fortification. Were identified special features of inner building system of the settlement and found out that it was spatially associated with extension of natural boundaries of projection of the high terrace above flood plain on which it was aligned.
The paper presents some results of the investigation of new sites. In the results of excavations ... more The paper presents some results of the investigation of new sites. In the results of excavations it was defined two types of sites in one complex – Xiongnu burial ground and the medieval settlement. The interpretation of the materials of excavation of the dwelling is in difficult because of missing of the sites of this type in territory of the Western Transbaikalia. It is obvious that in order to support the problems is necessary to continue excavations. Further research will allow to define the planigraphic features of the complex and to interpret the sites in historical and chronological assessment.
The article shows the first results of the rescue excavations carried out in 2016 in a part of th... more The article shows the first results of the rescue excavations carried out in 2016 in a part of the territory of the object of archaeological heritage "Udinsk fortress". In the course of works a western line of the fortress' defensive constructions was discovered - fragments of a north-western corner tower, remains of a double wall with internal partitions and also a range of vertical embedded pillars set under it. From the outside, beyond the boundaries of the fortress several burials made according to the Orthodox rite were identified.
Падь Липовка – известное еще с конца XIX века хуннское «место» на территории Западного Забайкалья... more Падь Липовка – известное еще с конца XIX века хуннское «место» на территории Западного Забайкалья, исследование которого не получило своего дальнейшего развития. Первый случай обнаружения на этом месте ингумации ребенка в сосуде относится к 1898 году, материалы которого были спустя некоторое время опубликованы Ю.Д. Талько-Грынцевичем. В 1964 году случайным образом было найдено второе детское захоронение в глиняном сосуде, изучавшееся П.Б. Коноваловым. В 2005 году Базаровым Б.А. и Дашибаловым Б.Б. на этом местонахождении были выявлены материалы, интерпретированные ими как поселенческие. В 2015 году авторами статьи был обследован небольшой участок оврага, где были найдены фрагменты хуннской керамики. Был выявлен еще один (третий) дополнительный факт ингумации ребенка в сосуде. Несмотря на имеющуюся серию на этом местонахождении детских погребений в сосудах, обнаруженных в разное время, этих материалов пока явно недостаточно для достоверной идентификации памятника в качестве поселения или могильника, либо в качестве и того и другого. В данной работе очерчивается предварительный круг вопросов. Западное Забайкалье, Бурятия, археология хунну, детское погребение. Pad’ Lipovka is a Xiongnu site in Western Transbaikalia known since the end of XIX century, research of which was not continued. The first child’s grave was found there in 1898, materials of this site was published by Yu.D. Tal’ko-Gryncevich. In 1964 there was found child’s grave in weasel, researched by P.B. Konovalov. In 2005 B.F. Bazarov and B.B. Dashybalov found at this site the artifacts, interpreted as typical for settlement. In 2015 the authors of the article explored a ravine around of which was found Xiongnu pottery. There was found the third child’s grave in weasel. Despite of series children’s grave in weasels found in different time, the data not enough to identify the site as settlement or cemetery, or both. In the article authors point out the questions which opens this site. Western Transbaikalia, Buryatia, archaeology of Xiongnu, child's grave.
The article focuses on research of the archeozoological remains in the sites of Xiongnu based on ... more The article focuses on research of the archeozoological remains in the sites of Xiongnu based on the results of excavations of 2015 year. In 2015 the excavations of Xiongnu sites in the Western Transbaikalia were carried out. The remains of mammals were unearthed in three sites — the Nizhniy Mangitruy settlement and two cemeteries — Il’movaya Pad’ and Gudzhir-Myge. The cattle was the main source of meat diet for the Xiongnu population, its importance in economy is proved by the findings in burial complexes. Important occupation was dog breeding. The proportion of dog breeding and pig breeding needs to be researched. It appears that in some seasons the hunting of roe, the most widely spread wild hoofed animal in the Transbaikalia, was practiced.
Ulan-Ude is located in the central part of the Selenga midlands, in the contact zone of the south... more Ulan-Ude is located in the central part of the Selenga midlands, in the contact zone of the southern Siberian forests and the north-Mongolian steppes. The city is located on the banks of the Selenga and Uda rivers. The archaeological sites in the territory of the city and its suburban area demonstrate the potential for the development of "urban archeology". This article gives a brief description of archaeological and ethnographic history of Ulan-Ude.
The paper presents the preliminary results of archaeological excavation of 2016 in archeological ... more The paper presents the preliminary results of archaeological excavation of 2016 in archeological site "Udinskiy fortress" by the researchers of IMBT SB RAS. The archaeological excavations on the territory of the object of archaeological heritage "Udinsky fortress" are planned preparing for the 350th anniversary of Ulan-Ude. In result of excavation the family inhumation buried in orthodox tradition was found in the western part of Udinsky fortress.
Modern Ulan-Ude is located in the territory humans inhabited from times immemorial. The Stone Age... more Modern Ulan-Ude is located in the territory humans inhabited from times immemorial. The Stone Age is broadly represented by archaeological monuments. In the Bronze and early Iron Ages the region was dominated by nomads of the Eurasian steppe belt. From the late Bronze Age well up to the medieval period direct ancestors of Buryats, Turkic and Mongolian tribes inhabited the area. This paper throws limelight on a complex period in the history of Ulan-Ude up to its Verkhneudinsk stage.
В статье анализируются культовые памятники окуневской культуры Хакасско-Минусинской котловины. Вы... more В статье анализируются культовые памятники окуневской культуры Хакасско-Минусинской котловины. Выделяются сложноорганизованные культовые объекты – святилища: комплексы с каменными изваяниями в межгорной котловине Сорга, святилища на вершинах гор, астрономические комплексы, а также простые – скальные плоскости с «иконостасами» джойского типа. Комплексы с каменными изваяниями посвящены годичным движениям солнца (солнцестояние, равноденствие), горные сооружения связаны с почитанием культа Мировой горы. При сооружении горных святилищ большое внимание уделялось сакральной разметке – каменным стенам. Астрономические комплексы предназначались для вычисления времени восхода и заката зимней полной луны в год, когда она сближалась с Севером в наибольшей степени. Ключевые слова: окуневская культура, каменные изваяния, святилища, горные сооружения, астрономические пункты. The paper is devoted to analysis of cult sites of Ocunev culture of Khakas-Minusinsk basin. The complex cult objects – sanctuaries: the complexes with stone sculptures at intermountain valley Sorga, the sanctuaries on the head of mountain, astronomic complexes and the simple cult objects – the rock survey with a so called Djoy type “iconostasis” are distinguished. The complexes with stone sculptures were related with annual motion of the sun (the solstice or an equinox), the mountain constructions were related with a veneration of the cult of the World Mountain. In the construction of mountain sanctuaries much attention was paid to sacral mark – the stone wall. The astronomic complexes were built for observing the moon. Key words: Ocunevo culture, stone sculpture, Mountain construction, sanctuaries, astronomical item.
The multi-temporal cemetery Enkhor is located in the Dzhida district of the Republic of Buryatia ... more The multi-temporal cemetery Enkhor is located in the Dzhida district of the Republic of Buryatia (South-Western Transbaikalia), east of the village Enkhor. There were studied about a hundred graves. Ten of them turned out to be Xiongnu. During the excavation of the Xiongnu grave No. 52, belt accessories were found - buckles, plaques, and hanging rings. The sizes of the four found plaques vary in the range: height 3–3.5 cm, width 1.6–1.8 cm. Describing belt furniture from the Xiongnu
necropolis has numerous analogies in funerary complexes of the Xiongnu and Xianbi period in a vast territory from Manchuria to Khakassia, from Southern Govi to Transbaikalia. Among the decorating items of the belts found in these sites, the main attention is attracted to moulding bronze buckles and plaques with relief images of the horse in two versions - realistic image of the animal in a trotting race and a fantastic image of a winged Pegasus unicorn, as well as a standing deer with a highly raised and turned head to the backside. Right these works of art creativity, found in graves, determined by archaeologists in some
cases as Xiongnu, in others as Xianbian, tend to become a factor of conflicting ethnic attribution of various funerary complexes in this territory. The article suggests a possible version of a correct explanation of such discussion situations.
In 2016, rescue archaeological excavations were carried out on the territory of the Udinsky Fort ... more In 2016, rescue archaeological excavations were carried out on the territory of the Udinsky Fort as part of a project to reconstruct historical quarters in the central part of the city of Ulan-Ude. Investigations revealed a part of the western defensive wall of the fortress – a “taras” construction consisting of seven chambers. According to archival data, this fortification functioned from the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 19th centuries. As a result of archaeological excavations were formed collections of archaeological material, anthropological remains from the Orthodox necropolis, fragments of wooden structures for dendrochronological definitions, as well as an impressive archeozoological collection. The definition of materials in the archeozoological collection showed the presence of different categories of bone residues. Waste cuttings carcasses, food garbage as well as products made of bone and tusk were found. The dominant residues are bones of cattle. All other domestic species are few and hunted ones are single in the collection. The sizes of cattle are small and fit into the range of variability of aboriginal breeds. The food spectrum determines the meat diet of the residents of Udinskiy Fort – mainly beef was consumed, other types of meat occupy an insignificant share. Bone residues allowed finding out some taphonomic factors of material preservation in dry ground.
The history of Ulan-Ude is in many ways similar to the history of any Siberian city. Starting fro... more The history of Ulan-Ude is in many ways similar to the history of any Siberian city. Starting from wintering place («zimovye») in 1665, fort («ostrog»), a fortification, over a time it became a commercial, cultural, industrial scientific and political center, turning into the capital of the Republic of Buryatia in the XX century. Based on written and archaeological data, we tried to restore the history of the construction and development of the Udinsky Ostrog, which marked the beginning of the modern Russian city
Two mirrors which were unearthed in 2016–2017 on the Nur-Tukhum archaeological complex are analyz... more Two mirrors which were unearthed in 2016–2017 on the Nur-Tukhum archaeological complex are analyzed in the paper. The first finding is represented by a fragment of a Chinese bronze mirror of the TLV type, originating from the Xiongnu burial, the second one is a round metal mirror from a medieval dwelling. The T-, L- and V-shaped signs, as well as images of fantastic creatures are fixed on preserved fragment of the ornamental field of the Chinese mirror. The mirrors of this type are dated by 1st –2nd centuries AD. The main ornamental field of the second mirror is filled with images of dragons of the air and water elements. The artifact differs in its characteristics from similar mirrors by the absence of a cone-loop in the center of the product and an eight-arched frame on the inside of the rim. Such mirrors are dated from the 13th – 14th centuries. The authors describe the mirrors, the technology and chemical composition of products, a chronological justification, and also reveal the semantics of images.
In the Republic of Buryatia in result of historical and cultural expertise the archaeological sit... more In the Republic of Buryatia in result of historical and cultural expertise the archaeological sites, which were need to be submitted to rescue excavation. 2016 year was marked by some «boom» of archaeological rescue excavations, when during a field season rescue excavations were undertaken at several sites by the different organizations. The paper deals with brief of rescue excavations of IMBT SB RAS in 2016-2017. There is a preliminary «book of orders» for the rescue excavations of the archaeological sites.
ЕВРАЗИЯ В КАЙНОЗОЕ. СТРАТИГРАФИЯ, ПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ, КУЛЬТУРЫ, 2017
Since the era of the Xiongnu, nomads of Central Asia began to create cities as places of commerce... more Since the era of the Xiongnu, nomads of Central Asia began to create cities as places of commerce, craft centers, cult sites, fortifications. The period of domination of Old Uyghurs in Central Asia was marked by a new explosion of urban culture among nomads. In the time of the Uyghur Kaganate, a network of fortifications was established throughout Central Asia. The northern outposts were cities on the territory of modern Tuva. Due to the various objective reasons: geographic, climatic, economic, social, political, the nomads of Central Asia began to create forts, as a place of trade, handicraft centers, religious facilities, fortification for protection against the aggression of neighboring countries and tribal commissions. Urban development in the times of Uyghurs reached a high level. However, the emergence and development of the middle-ages cities in the nomadic societies has no final decision about the mechanism of urban culture. Research of the features of the space for development of urban settlements would clarify one aspect of the problem. Presently, only a few urban settlements are known in the territory of Central Asia and Southern Siberia. This article is dedicated to the research of Uyghur forts of Tuva, located in its Western part. The study is the result of a joint Russian-Mongolian expedition in 2011 on the territory of Barun-Khemchik (West-Khemchik) kozhuun and Dzun-Khemchik (East Khemchik) kozhuun. The collected data allowed to reproduce the latest topographical plans of settlements (with the orientation of the terrain relative to the sides, the presence of structures on their territory and more exact dimensions). The Uyghur expansion significantly influenced the ethnic composition of the population of Southern Siberia. The ancient Uyghurian layer is one of the most important in the ethnogenesis of the Tuvinians.
The paper deals with the first results of the rescue archeological excavations of the cemetery si... more The paper deals with the first results of the rescue archeological excavations of the cemetery site, located near ulus Verkhniy Burgaltay of Djida district in Buryatia. The intended building of the public road created a menace for destruction of khereksur near the line of road. In a result of excavations was found collection paleontological materials and artifacts concentrated in stone layer of the khereksur. The artefacts аre date from Xiongnu time. The excavated burial mound was a cenotaph.
The paper represents preliminary results of complex researches of Mangirtuy settlement. As a part... more The paper represents preliminary results of complex researches of Mangirtuy settlement. As a part of multidisciplinary research to identify, the special features of the structural organization of the cultural layer of Mangirtuy settlement, this complex formation is investigated as part of the modern geological deposits. The human in the places of the settlements has changed geological environment inserting in it an extrinsic to local situation deposits (the rock debris, wooden constructions and other). At the same time the human used the landscape for the purpose of fortification. Were identified special features of inner building system of the settlement and found out that it was spatially associated with extension of natural boundaries of projection of the high terrace above flood plain on which it was aligned.
The paper presents some results of the investigation of new sites. In the results of excavations ... more The paper presents some results of the investigation of new sites. In the results of excavations it was defined two types of sites in one complex – Xiongnu burial ground and the medieval settlement. The interpretation of the materials of excavation of the dwelling is in difficult because of missing of the sites of this type in territory of the Western Transbaikalia. It is obvious that in order to support the problems is necessary to continue excavations. Further research will allow to define the planigraphic features of the complex and to interpret the sites in historical and chronological assessment.
The article shows the first results of the rescue excavations carried out in 2016 in a part of th... more The article shows the first results of the rescue excavations carried out in 2016 in a part of the territory of the object of archaeological heritage "Udinsk fortress". In the course of works a western line of the fortress' defensive constructions was discovered - fragments of a north-western corner tower, remains of a double wall with internal partitions and also a range of vertical embedded pillars set under it. From the outside, beyond the boundaries of the fortress several burials made according to the Orthodox rite were identified.
Падь Липовка – известное еще с конца XIX века хуннское «место» на территории Западного Забайкалья... more Падь Липовка – известное еще с конца XIX века хуннское «место» на территории Западного Забайкалья, исследование которого не получило своего дальнейшего развития. Первый случай обнаружения на этом месте ингумации ребенка в сосуде относится к 1898 году, материалы которого были спустя некоторое время опубликованы Ю.Д. Талько-Грынцевичем. В 1964 году случайным образом было найдено второе детское захоронение в глиняном сосуде, изучавшееся П.Б. Коноваловым. В 2005 году Базаровым Б.А. и Дашибаловым Б.Б. на этом местонахождении были выявлены материалы, интерпретированные ими как поселенческие. В 2015 году авторами статьи был обследован небольшой участок оврага, где были найдены фрагменты хуннской керамики. Был выявлен еще один (третий) дополнительный факт ингумации ребенка в сосуде. Несмотря на имеющуюся серию на этом местонахождении детских погребений в сосудах, обнаруженных в разное время, этих материалов пока явно недостаточно для достоверной идентификации памятника в качестве поселения или могильника, либо в качестве и того и другого. В данной работе очерчивается предварительный круг вопросов. Западное Забайкалье, Бурятия, археология хунну, детское погребение. Pad’ Lipovka is a Xiongnu site in Western Transbaikalia known since the end of XIX century, research of which was not continued. The first child’s grave was found there in 1898, materials of this site was published by Yu.D. Tal’ko-Gryncevich. In 1964 there was found child’s grave in weasel, researched by P.B. Konovalov. In 2005 B.F. Bazarov and B.B. Dashybalov found at this site the artifacts, interpreted as typical for settlement. In 2015 the authors of the article explored a ravine around of which was found Xiongnu pottery. There was found the third child’s grave in weasel. Despite of series children’s grave in weasels found in different time, the data not enough to identify the site as settlement or cemetery, or both. In the article authors point out the questions which opens this site. Western Transbaikalia, Buryatia, archaeology of Xiongnu, child's grave.
The article focuses on research of the archeozoological remains in the sites of Xiongnu based on ... more The article focuses on research of the archeozoological remains in the sites of Xiongnu based on the results of excavations of 2015 year. In 2015 the excavations of Xiongnu sites in the Western Transbaikalia were carried out. The remains of mammals were unearthed in three sites — the Nizhniy Mangitruy settlement and two cemeteries — Il’movaya Pad’ and Gudzhir-Myge. The cattle was the main source of meat diet for the Xiongnu population, its importance in economy is proved by the findings in burial complexes. Important occupation was dog breeding. The proportion of dog breeding and pig breeding needs to be researched. It appears that in some seasons the hunting of roe, the most widely spread wild hoofed animal in the Transbaikalia, was practiced.
Ulan-Ude is located in the central part of the Selenga midlands, in the contact zone of the south... more Ulan-Ude is located in the central part of the Selenga midlands, in the contact zone of the southern Siberian forests and the north-Mongolian steppes. The city is located on the banks of the Selenga and Uda rivers. The archaeological sites in the territory of the city and its suburban area demonstrate the potential for the development of "urban archeology". This article gives a brief description of archaeological and ethnographic history of Ulan-Ude.
The paper presents the preliminary results of archaeological excavation of 2016 in archeological ... more The paper presents the preliminary results of archaeological excavation of 2016 in archeological site "Udinskiy fortress" by the researchers of IMBT SB RAS. The archaeological excavations on the territory of the object of archaeological heritage "Udinsky fortress" are planned preparing for the 350th anniversary of Ulan-Ude. In result of excavation the family inhumation buried in orthodox tradition was found in the western part of Udinsky fortress.
Modern Ulan-Ude is located in the territory humans inhabited from times immemorial. The Stone Age... more Modern Ulan-Ude is located in the territory humans inhabited from times immemorial. The Stone Age is broadly represented by archaeological monuments. In the Bronze and early Iron Ages the region was dominated by nomads of the Eurasian steppe belt. From the late Bronze Age well up to the medieval period direct ancestors of Buryats, Turkic and Mongolian tribes inhabited the area. This paper throws limelight on a complex period in the history of Ulan-Ude up to its Verkhneudinsk stage.
В статье анализируются культовые памятники окуневской культуры Хакасско-Минусинской котловины. Вы... more В статье анализируются культовые памятники окуневской культуры Хакасско-Минусинской котловины. Выделяются сложноорганизованные культовые объекты – святилища: комплексы с каменными изваяниями в межгорной котловине Сорга, святилища на вершинах гор, астрономические комплексы, а также простые – скальные плоскости с «иконостасами» джойского типа. Комплексы с каменными изваяниями посвящены годичным движениям солнца (солнцестояние, равноденствие), горные сооружения связаны с почитанием культа Мировой горы. При сооружении горных святилищ большое внимание уделялось сакральной разметке – каменным стенам. Астрономические комплексы предназначались для вычисления времени восхода и заката зимней полной луны в год, когда она сближалась с Севером в наибольшей степени. Ключевые слова: окуневская культура, каменные изваяния, святилища, горные сооружения, астрономические пункты. The paper is devoted to analysis of cult sites of Ocunev culture of Khakas-Minusinsk basin. The complex cult objects – sanctuaries: the complexes with stone sculptures at intermountain valley Sorga, the sanctuaries on the head of mountain, astronomic complexes and the simple cult objects – the rock survey with a so called Djoy type “iconostasis” are distinguished. The complexes with stone sculptures were related with annual motion of the sun (the solstice or an equinox), the mountain constructions were related with a veneration of the cult of the World Mountain. In the construction of mountain sanctuaries much attention was paid to sacral mark – the stone wall. The astronomic complexes were built for observing the moon. Key words: Ocunevo culture, stone sculpture, Mountain construction, sanctuaries, astronomical item.
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Papers by Denis Miyagashev
necropolis has numerous analogies in funerary complexes of the Xiongnu and Xianbi period in a vast territory from Manchuria to Khakassia, from Southern Govi to Transbaikalia. Among the decorating items of the belts found in these sites, the main attention is attracted to moulding bronze buckles and plaques with relief images of the horse in two versions - realistic image of the animal in a trotting race and a fantastic image of a winged Pegasus unicorn, as well as a standing deer with a highly raised and turned head to the backside. Right these works of art creativity, found in graves, determined by archaeologists in some
cases as Xiongnu, in others as Xianbian, tend to become a factor of conflicting ethnic attribution of various funerary complexes in this territory. The article suggests a possible version of a correct explanation of such discussion situations.
Западное Забайкалье, Бурятия, археология хунну, детское погребение.
Pad’ Lipovka is a Xiongnu site in Western Transbaikalia known since the end of XIX century, research of which was not continued. The first child’s grave was found there in 1898, materials of this site was published by Yu.D. Tal’ko-Gryncevich. In 1964 there was found child’s grave in weasel, researched by P.B. Konovalov. In 2005 B.F. Bazarov and B.B. Dashybalov found at this site the artifacts, interpreted as typical for settlement. In 2015 the authors of the article explored a ravine around of which was found Xiongnu pottery. There was found the third child’s grave in weasel. Despite of series children’s grave in weasels found in different time, the data not enough to identify the site as settlement or cemetery, or both. In the article authors point out the questions which opens this site.
Western Transbaikalia, Buryatia, archaeology of Xiongnu, child's grave.
cemeteries — Il’movaya Pad’ and Gudzhir-Myge. The cattle was the main source of meat diet for the Xiongnu population, its importance in economy is proved by the findings in burial complexes. Important occupation was dog breeding. The proportion of dog breeding and pig breeding needs to be researched. It appears that in some seasons the hunting of roe, the most widely spread wild hoofed animal in the Transbaikalia, was practiced.
Ключевые слова: окуневская культура, каменные изваяния, святилища, горные сооружения, астрономические пункты.
The paper is devoted to analysis of cult sites of Ocunev culture of Khakas-Minusinsk basin. The complex cult objects – sanctuaries: the complexes with stone sculptures at intermountain valley Sorga, the sanctuaries on the head of mountain, astronomic complexes and the simple cult objects – the rock survey with a so called Djoy type “iconostasis” are distinguished. The complexes with stone sculptures were related with annual motion of the sun (the solstice or an equinox), the mountain constructions were related with a veneration of the cult of the World Mountain. In the construction of mountain sanctuaries much attention was paid to sacral mark – the stone wall. The astronomic complexes were built for observing the moon.
Key words: Ocunevo culture, stone sculpture, Mountain construction, sanctuaries, astronomical item.
necropolis has numerous analogies in funerary complexes of the Xiongnu and Xianbi period in a vast territory from Manchuria to Khakassia, from Southern Govi to Transbaikalia. Among the decorating items of the belts found in these sites, the main attention is attracted to moulding bronze buckles and plaques with relief images of the horse in two versions - realistic image of the animal in a trotting race and a fantastic image of a winged Pegasus unicorn, as well as a standing deer with a highly raised and turned head to the backside. Right these works of art creativity, found in graves, determined by archaeologists in some
cases as Xiongnu, in others as Xianbian, tend to become a factor of conflicting ethnic attribution of various funerary complexes in this territory. The article suggests a possible version of a correct explanation of such discussion situations.
Западное Забайкалье, Бурятия, археология хунну, детское погребение.
Pad’ Lipovka is a Xiongnu site in Western Transbaikalia known since the end of XIX century, research of which was not continued. The first child’s grave was found there in 1898, materials of this site was published by Yu.D. Tal’ko-Gryncevich. In 1964 there was found child’s grave in weasel, researched by P.B. Konovalov. In 2005 B.F. Bazarov and B.B. Dashybalov found at this site the artifacts, interpreted as typical for settlement. In 2015 the authors of the article explored a ravine around of which was found Xiongnu pottery. There was found the third child’s grave in weasel. Despite of series children’s grave in weasels found in different time, the data not enough to identify the site as settlement or cemetery, or both. In the article authors point out the questions which opens this site.
Western Transbaikalia, Buryatia, archaeology of Xiongnu, child's grave.
cemeteries — Il’movaya Pad’ and Gudzhir-Myge. The cattle was the main source of meat diet for the Xiongnu population, its importance in economy is proved by the findings in burial complexes. Important occupation was dog breeding. The proportion of dog breeding and pig breeding needs to be researched. It appears that in some seasons the hunting of roe, the most widely spread wild hoofed animal in the Transbaikalia, was practiced.
Ключевые слова: окуневская культура, каменные изваяния, святилища, горные сооружения, астрономические пункты.
The paper is devoted to analysis of cult sites of Ocunev culture of Khakas-Minusinsk basin. The complex cult objects – sanctuaries: the complexes with stone sculptures at intermountain valley Sorga, the sanctuaries on the head of mountain, astronomic complexes and the simple cult objects – the rock survey with a so called Djoy type “iconostasis” are distinguished. The complexes with stone sculptures were related with annual motion of the sun (the solstice or an equinox), the mountain constructions were related with a veneration of the cult of the World Mountain. In the construction of mountain sanctuaries much attention was paid to sacral mark – the stone wall. The astronomic complexes were built for observing the moon.
Key words: Ocunevo culture, stone sculpture, Mountain construction, sanctuaries, astronomical item.