The reader of this document will find plenty of rich insights on key issues and challenges Latin ... more The reader of this document will find plenty of rich insights on key issues and challenges Latin America faces regarding strategies, policies and institutions for productive development, inclusive growth and job creation.
The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development
After the great liberalization and structural reforms that started in the 1980s, most of Latin Am... more After the great liberalization and structural reforms that started in the 1980s, most of Latin America has failed in its attempts to transition from a commodity-based to a highly diversified, knowledge-intensive economy. Mexico (and specifically the state of Jalisco) and Costa Rica are partial exceptions to this trend: both economies have developed diversified, high-complexity, knowledge-intensive export sectors on the basis, mostly, of FDI by MNCs. Neither region has been fully transformed into a modern, high-productivity economy. The sources of their relative success, but also the limiting factors that have prevented them from achieving wider economic transformation are explored in this chapter.
Few propositions in economics are as widely accepted as the theory of comparative advantage: If t... more Few propositions in economics are as widely accepted as the theory of comparative advantage: If two countries have a comparative advantage in the production of different goods and services, trade can be welfare-enhancing for both. But trade policy has always been controversial in Latin America, as it is not made by academic economists but by politicians who need to gather and maintain the support of constituents who in some cases have much to lose or gain from different trade policies. This book walks the reader through a complex thicket of contending interests and disparate political institutions to analyze why Latin American governments make the trade policies they do. Its chapters show how an array of different governments have attempted to navigate frequently conflicting interests and ideas, and how different institutional arrangements impinge on trade policy design and outcomes. It is to be hoped that the experiences analyzed here can inform the making of future policy and, per...
A politica industrial tem frequentemente causado mais danos do que beneficios. O novo quadro conc... more A politica industrial tem frequentemente causado mais danos do que beneficios. O novo quadro conceitual apresentado neste livro permite que os paises adotem as politicas de desenvolvimento produtivo necessarias para prosperar evitando os erros do passado. O livro repensa o desenvolvimento produtivo examinando as falhas de mercado que impedem a transformacao e as falhas de governo que podem tornar as politicas de remediacao piores do que as doencas do mercado. Usando um quadro conceitual simples com base no alcance e na natureza da abordagem de politica, os autores sistematicamente analisam as politicas publicas dos paises em areas-chave como inovacao, novas empresas, financiamento, capital humano e internacionalizacao. Reconhecendo que mesmo as melhores politicas estao fadadas ao fracasso sem a capacidade tecnica, organizacional e politica para implementa-las, o livro conclui com ideias sobre como desenhar instituicoes com os incentivos corretos, fazer crescer a capacidade do setor ...
Esta sinopse examina a analise das falhas de mercado subjacentes no marco conceitual, destaca alg... more Esta sinopse examina a analise das falhas de mercado subjacentes no marco conceitual, destaca alguns casos escolhidos de sua aplicacao em areas-chave como a inovacao, e indica os requisitos institucionais essenciais ao exito das intervencoes de politica. Em conjunto, a sinopse e o indice de materia oferecem uma amostra da riqueza das informacoes e das implicacoes de politica que distinguem a edicao deste ano do DIA.
RESENA INTERPRETATIVAMENTE LOS LOGROS Y AJUSTES DEL PROCESO DE MODERNIZACION DEL ESTADO EN COSTA ... more RESENA INTERPRETATIVAMENTE LOS LOGROS Y AJUSTES DEL PROCESO DE MODERNIZACION DEL ESTADO EN COSTA RICA Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA GESTION PUBLICA, LA CAPACIDAD INSTITUCIONAL, LA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL GASTO Y EL FINANCIAMIENTO DEL SECTOR PUBLICO.
Thirty years after the region embarked on large-scale liberalization, trade policy could have bee... more Thirty years after the region embarked on large-scale liberalization, trade policy could have been expected to become all but irrelevant. Instead, a mismatch between expectations and what could realistically be delivered set the stage for much of the disappointment, skepticism, and fatigue regarding trade policy in the region, particularly in the early 2000s. By setting the bar unrealistically high, governments and analysts made trade policies an easy target for special interests that were hurt by liberalization and for those ideologically opposed to free trade. The most immediate victims were the more tangible growth and welfare gains, whose relevance was lost amid the noise of grandiose visions. Liberalization made most countries better off, on the back of substantive productivity gains. The growth results are also impressive. On the other hand, the employment and inequality outcomes fell short of expectations. Acknowledging these lessons on the limits of trade and investment policies and the need for complementary action is important, but putting together an effective policy agenda for the future involves other challenges—some old, some new—brought on by geopolitical and technological changes. Trade is a hot issue in today’s world, and this book provides informed suggestions on how Latin America and the Caribbean can successfully confront this heat.
The reader of this document will find plenty of rich insights on key issues and challenges Latin ... more The reader of this document will find plenty of rich insights on key issues and challenges Latin America faces regarding strategies, policies and institutions for productive development, inclusive growth and job creation.
The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development
After the great liberalization and structural reforms that started in the 1980s, most of Latin Am... more After the great liberalization and structural reforms that started in the 1980s, most of Latin America has failed in its attempts to transition from a commodity-based to a highly diversified, knowledge-intensive economy. Mexico (and specifically the state of Jalisco) and Costa Rica are partial exceptions to this trend: both economies have developed diversified, high-complexity, knowledge-intensive export sectors on the basis, mostly, of FDI by MNCs. Neither region has been fully transformed into a modern, high-productivity economy. The sources of their relative success, but also the limiting factors that have prevented them from achieving wider economic transformation are explored in this chapter.
Few propositions in economics are as widely accepted as the theory of comparative advantage: If t... more Few propositions in economics are as widely accepted as the theory of comparative advantage: If two countries have a comparative advantage in the production of different goods and services, trade can be welfare-enhancing for both. But trade policy has always been controversial in Latin America, as it is not made by academic economists but by politicians who need to gather and maintain the support of constituents who in some cases have much to lose or gain from different trade policies. This book walks the reader through a complex thicket of contending interests and disparate political institutions to analyze why Latin American governments make the trade policies they do. Its chapters show how an array of different governments have attempted to navigate frequently conflicting interests and ideas, and how different institutional arrangements impinge on trade policy design and outcomes. It is to be hoped that the experiences analyzed here can inform the making of future policy and, per...
A politica industrial tem frequentemente causado mais danos do que beneficios. O novo quadro conc... more A politica industrial tem frequentemente causado mais danos do que beneficios. O novo quadro conceitual apresentado neste livro permite que os paises adotem as politicas de desenvolvimento produtivo necessarias para prosperar evitando os erros do passado. O livro repensa o desenvolvimento produtivo examinando as falhas de mercado que impedem a transformacao e as falhas de governo que podem tornar as politicas de remediacao piores do que as doencas do mercado. Usando um quadro conceitual simples com base no alcance e na natureza da abordagem de politica, os autores sistematicamente analisam as politicas publicas dos paises em areas-chave como inovacao, novas empresas, financiamento, capital humano e internacionalizacao. Reconhecendo que mesmo as melhores politicas estao fadadas ao fracasso sem a capacidade tecnica, organizacional e politica para implementa-las, o livro conclui com ideias sobre como desenhar instituicoes com os incentivos corretos, fazer crescer a capacidade do setor ...
Esta sinopse examina a analise das falhas de mercado subjacentes no marco conceitual, destaca alg... more Esta sinopse examina a analise das falhas de mercado subjacentes no marco conceitual, destaca alguns casos escolhidos de sua aplicacao em areas-chave como a inovacao, e indica os requisitos institucionais essenciais ao exito das intervencoes de politica. Em conjunto, a sinopse e o indice de materia oferecem uma amostra da riqueza das informacoes e das implicacoes de politica que distinguem a edicao deste ano do DIA.
RESENA INTERPRETATIVAMENTE LOS LOGROS Y AJUSTES DEL PROCESO DE MODERNIZACION DEL ESTADO EN COSTA ... more RESENA INTERPRETATIVAMENTE LOS LOGROS Y AJUSTES DEL PROCESO DE MODERNIZACION DEL ESTADO EN COSTA RICA Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA GESTION PUBLICA, LA CAPACIDAD INSTITUCIONAL, LA PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL GASTO Y EL FINANCIAMIENTO DEL SECTOR PUBLICO.
Thirty years after the region embarked on large-scale liberalization, trade policy could have bee... more Thirty years after the region embarked on large-scale liberalization, trade policy could have been expected to become all but irrelevant. Instead, a mismatch between expectations and what could realistically be delivered set the stage for much of the disappointment, skepticism, and fatigue regarding trade policy in the region, particularly in the early 2000s. By setting the bar unrealistically high, governments and analysts made trade policies an easy target for special interests that were hurt by liberalization and for those ideologically opposed to free trade. The most immediate victims were the more tangible growth and welfare gains, whose relevance was lost amid the noise of grandiose visions. Liberalization made most countries better off, on the back of substantive productivity gains. The growth results are also impressive. On the other hand, the employment and inequality outcomes fell short of expectations. Acknowledging these lessons on the limits of trade and investment policies and the need for complementary action is important, but putting together an effective policy agenda for the future involves other challenges—some old, some new—brought on by geopolitical and technological changes. Trade is a hot issue in today’s world, and this book provides informed suggestions on how Latin America and the Caribbean can successfully confront this heat.
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