Born in Egypt and now living in the United States, a young public health student returning to Cai... more Born in Egypt and now living in the United States, a young public health student returning to Cairo for a summer internship learns some surprising lessons. b y A i s h a S a a d S tan d i n g i n f r o n t o f t h e t h r e e e le vato r s , I looked up at the signs above each entrance and wondered which one to take to the sixth-floor thalassemia ward. Like boldly labeled cattle cars, each set of double doors was marked with permitted passengers. Side by side they read: Patients, Doctors, Hospital Director. The first elevator strained at the seams with bodies crammed far beyond capacity, the second compartment was sparsely traveled, and the third stood vacant and untouched. It was my first morning at a large, public pediatric hospital in Cairo, Egypt, and already I faced a dilemma. Where did I fit in the segregated categories? Fresh out of my first year as an undergraduate at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, I didn't fall into any of those groups. I was eager to spend my summer battling injustice firsthand, fighting at the front lines of my public health major. I dreamed of using this opportunity as a springboard for my unfolding career in global health. I had a glorified anticipation of working with a real public, a public I associated with countless faces from the background scenes of my childhood in Egypt. Even after fourteen years of living in the United States, I vividly remember them. Fatma, the maid, wrapping grape leaves and hanging laundry on the line; Shabaan, the apartment gatekeeper, unlocking the heavy chain every morning; his wife, Gamalaat, juggling her children, both arms always brimming; Hagg Ahmad at the corner grocery where I stopped for sesame sticks in the afternoon. Each was a distinct character in the cast of my childhood memories. Although the elevator labels couldn't brand me, I knew where I wanted to fit. Diving into the organic mass of patients, I eagerly began my summer on a note of adventure. Six floors above, and many elbow pokes later, I entered the chaotic thalassemia ward, where I'd be spending the next four weeks. I walked into the ward early that first Monday with my spirits high and my ideals beaming.
The effect of two different semi-artificial diets (S.A.D1 & S.A.D2) as well as a natural corn die... more The effect of two different semi-artificial diets (S.A.D1 & S.A.D2) as well as a natural corn diet on the biology and bionomics of the pink stem borer Sesamia cretica was studied under lab conditions. The insect was successfully mass reared for ten successive generations at the conditions of 27± 2Ċ, 60-80% R.H. In addition of photoperiod of 0:24 (L: D) for larvae and 12:12 (L: D) for the other stages respectively. Along ten successive generations, more or less, there were no significant differences between the larval periods for both artificial diets. The S.A.D2 induced the shortest larval period (24 days) compared with natural diet (27.5 days) and S.A.D1 (31.5 days). Meanwhile, rearing larvae on natural diet revealed means of pre-pupal and pupal periods of 2 and 11 days which decreased to 2 and 10 days in the artificial diet (S.A.D1) versus 1 and 8.5 days in (S.A.D2), respectively. However, the pupal weight and length were insignificantly decreased in S.A.D2 (187.5 gm and 2.1 cm) than that in the natural diet (218.6 gm and 2.3 cm), respectively. Moth longevity (pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods), to a certain extent, was affected by the larval diets. The maximal moth longevity (13 days) was recorded from larva reared on corn plants (4, 8 and 1 days). On the other hand, the shortest period (10.5 days) of moth longevity was observed in S.A.D2 (1, 9 and 0.5 days). S.A.D2 showed 11 days moth longevity (3, 7 and 1 days). The longest oviposition period (9 days) was recorded in the artificial diet S.A.D2, while it was only 7 days in the artificial diet S.A.D1 compared with 8 days in the natural diet. The number of the deposited eggs increased with the progress of the 10 successive generations (G1:G10) from 150 to 265 and from 384 eggs to 564 eggs / female for the S.A.D1and S.A.D2, respectively. Whereas, the rate of the deposited eggs was gradually increased from 9.7 to 61.14 % in S.A.D2 while, it was decreased in all generations of S.A.D1 compared with those reared on the natural diet throughout the ten generations The highest mean number of deposited eggs throughout the 10 generations was resulted from S.A.D2 (438.2) while S.A.D1 revealed the least number (211.5) versus 350 from the natural diet. On the other hand, the hatched eggs/female (406.3) in S.A.D2 represents 2.25 and 1.77 folds of those resulted from S.A.D1 (180.20 eggs) and the natural diet (230 eggs), successively. Meanwhile, the highest mean of hatchability percents was resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 (92.69%) compared with. 85.59% in S.A.D1 and 65.71 % in the natural diet. In addition, the significant shortest total generation period was 44 days resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 while it was 53.5 and 54 days in corn plants and the artificial diet S.A.D1, consequently. The results declared that the S.A.D2 could be consider a suitable artificial diet for a feasible mass rearing of the pink corn borer, Sesamia cretica led. The S.A.D2 showed the shortest larval, pupal and life span for generation periods. Moreover, it induced the longest oviposition period and the highest mean number of deposited eggs per female and the highest significant percent of eggs hatchability/fertility. The utilization of this artificial diet (S.A.D2) will supply the researchers with the high-quality insects in adequate numbers, at specified times and specific stages of development for the bioassay, toxicological and biological studies.
Born in Egypt and now living in the United States, a young public health student returning to Cai... more Born in Egypt and now living in the United States, a young public health student returning to Cairo for a summer internship learns some surprising lessons. b y A i s h a S a a d S tan d i n g i n f r o n t o f t h e t h r e e e le vato r s , I looked up at the signs above each entrance and wondered which one to take to the sixth-floor thalassemia ward. Like boldly labeled cattle cars, each set of double doors was marked with permitted passengers. Side by side they read: Patients, Doctors, Hospital Director. The first elevator strained at the seams with bodies crammed far beyond capacity, the second compartment was sparsely traveled, and the third stood vacant and untouched. It was my first morning at a large, public pediatric hospital in Cairo, Egypt, and already I faced a dilemma. Where did I fit in the segregated categories? Fresh out of my first year as an undergraduate at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, I didn't fall into any of those groups. I was eager to spend my summer battling injustice firsthand, fighting at the front lines of my public health major. I dreamed of using this opportunity as a springboard for my unfolding career in global health. I had a glorified anticipation of working with a real public, a public I associated with countless faces from the background scenes of my childhood in Egypt. Even after fourteen years of living in the United States, I vividly remember them. Fatma, the maid, wrapping grape leaves and hanging laundry on the line; Shabaan, the apartment gatekeeper, unlocking the heavy chain every morning; his wife, Gamalaat, juggling her children, both arms always brimming; Hagg Ahmad at the corner grocery where I stopped for sesame sticks in the afternoon. Each was a distinct character in the cast of my childhood memories. Although the elevator labels couldn't brand me, I knew where I wanted to fit. Diving into the organic mass of patients, I eagerly began my summer on a note of adventure. Six floors above, and many elbow pokes later, I entered the chaotic thalassemia ward, where I'd be spending the next four weeks. I walked into the ward early that first Monday with my spirits high and my ideals beaming.
The effect of two different semi-artificial diets (S.A.D1 & S.A.D2) as well as a natural corn die... more The effect of two different semi-artificial diets (S.A.D1 & S.A.D2) as well as a natural corn diet on the biology and bionomics of the pink stem borer Sesamia cretica was studied under lab conditions. The insect was successfully mass reared for ten successive generations at the conditions of 27± 2Ċ, 60-80% R.H. In addition of photoperiod of 0:24 (L: D) for larvae and 12:12 (L: D) for the other stages respectively. Along ten successive generations, more or less, there were no significant differences between the larval periods for both artificial diets. The S.A.D2 induced the shortest larval period (24 days) compared with natural diet (27.5 days) and S.A.D1 (31.5 days). Meanwhile, rearing larvae on natural diet revealed means of pre-pupal and pupal periods of 2 and 11 days which decreased to 2 and 10 days in the artificial diet (S.A.D1) versus 1 and 8.5 days in (S.A.D2), respectively. However, the pupal weight and length were insignificantly decreased in S.A.D2 (187.5 gm and 2.1 cm) than that in the natural diet (218.6 gm and 2.3 cm), respectively. Moth longevity (pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods), to a certain extent, was affected by the larval diets. The maximal moth longevity (13 days) was recorded from larva reared on corn plants (4, 8 and 1 days). On the other hand, the shortest period (10.5 days) of moth longevity was observed in S.A.D2 (1, 9 and 0.5 days). S.A.D2 showed 11 days moth longevity (3, 7 and 1 days). The longest oviposition period (9 days) was recorded in the artificial diet S.A.D2, while it was only 7 days in the artificial diet S.A.D1 compared with 8 days in the natural diet. The number of the deposited eggs increased with the progress of the 10 successive generations (G1:G10) from 150 to 265 and from 384 eggs to 564 eggs / female for the S.A.D1and S.A.D2, respectively. Whereas, the rate of the deposited eggs was gradually increased from 9.7 to 61.14 % in S.A.D2 while, it was decreased in all generations of S.A.D1 compared with those reared on the natural diet throughout the ten generations The highest mean number of deposited eggs throughout the 10 generations was resulted from S.A.D2 (438.2) while S.A.D1 revealed the least number (211.5) versus 350 from the natural diet. On the other hand, the hatched eggs/female (406.3) in S.A.D2 represents 2.25 and 1.77 folds of those resulted from S.A.D1 (180.20 eggs) and the natural diet (230 eggs), successively. Meanwhile, the highest mean of hatchability percents was resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 (92.69%) compared with. 85.59% in S.A.D1 and 65.71 % in the natural diet. In addition, the significant shortest total generation period was 44 days resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 while it was 53.5 and 54 days in corn plants and the artificial diet S.A.D1, consequently. The results declared that the S.A.D2 could be consider a suitable artificial diet for a feasible mass rearing of the pink corn borer, Sesamia cretica led. The S.A.D2 showed the shortest larval, pupal and life span for generation periods. Moreover, it induced the longest oviposition period and the highest mean number of deposited eggs per female and the highest significant percent of eggs hatchability/fertility. The utilization of this artificial diet (S.A.D2) will supply the researchers with the high-quality insects in adequate numbers, at specified times and specific stages of development for the bioassay, toxicological and biological studies.
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Along ten successive generations, more or less, there were no significant differences between the larval periods for both artificial diets. The S.A.D2 induced the shortest larval period (24 days) compared with natural diet (27.5 days) and S.A.D1 (31.5 days). Meanwhile, rearing larvae on natural diet revealed means of pre-pupal and pupal periods of 2 and 11 days which decreased to 2 and 10 days in the artificial diet (S.A.D1) versus 1 and 8.5 days in (S.A.D2), respectively. However, the pupal weight and length were insignificantly decreased in S.A.D2 (187.5 gm and 2.1 cm) than that in the natural diet (218.6 gm and 2.3 cm), respectively.
Moth longevity (pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods), to a certain extent, was affected by the larval diets. The maximal moth longevity (13 days) was recorded from larva reared on corn plants (4, 8 and 1 days). On the other hand, the shortest period (10.5 days) of moth longevity was observed in S.A.D2 (1, 9 and 0.5 days). S.A.D2 showed 11 days moth longevity (3, 7 and 1 days). The longest oviposition period (9 days) was recorded in the artificial diet S.A.D2, while it was only 7 days in the artificial diet S.A.D1 compared with 8 days in the natural diet.
The number of the deposited eggs increased with the progress of the 10 successive generations (G1:G10) from 150 to 265 and from 384 eggs to 564 eggs / female for the S.A.D1and S.A.D2, respectively. Whereas, the rate of the deposited eggs was gradually increased from 9.7 to 61.14 % in S.A.D2 while, it was decreased in all generations of S.A.D1 compared with those reared on the natural diet throughout the ten generations The highest mean number of deposited eggs throughout the 10 generations was resulted from S.A.D2 (438.2) while S.A.D1 revealed the least number (211.5) versus 350 from the natural diet.
On the other hand, the hatched eggs/female (406.3) in S.A.D2 represents 2.25 and 1.77 folds of those resulted from S.A.D1 (180.20 eggs) and the natural diet (230 eggs), successively. Meanwhile, the highest mean of hatchability percents was
resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 (92.69%) compared with. 85.59% in S.A.D1 and 65.71 % in the natural diet. In addition, the significant shortest total generation period was 44 days resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 while it was 53.5 and 54 days in corn plants and the artificial diet S.A.D1, consequently.
The results declared that the S.A.D2 could be consider a suitable artificial diet for a feasible mass rearing of the pink corn borer, Sesamia cretica led. The S.A.D2 showed the shortest larval, pupal and life span for generation periods. Moreover, it induced the longest oviposition period and the highest mean number of deposited eggs per female and the highest significant percent of eggs hatchability/fertility.
The utilization of this artificial diet (S.A.D2) will supply the researchers with the high-quality insects in adequate numbers, at specified times and specific stages of development for the bioassay, toxicological and biological studies.
Along ten successive generations, more or less, there were no significant differences between the larval periods for both artificial diets. The S.A.D2 induced the shortest larval period (24 days) compared with natural diet (27.5 days) and S.A.D1 (31.5 days). Meanwhile, rearing larvae on natural diet revealed means of pre-pupal and pupal periods of 2 and 11 days which decreased to 2 and 10 days in the artificial diet (S.A.D1) versus 1 and 8.5 days in (S.A.D2), respectively. However, the pupal weight and length were insignificantly decreased in S.A.D2 (187.5 gm and 2.1 cm) than that in the natural diet (218.6 gm and 2.3 cm), respectively.
Moth longevity (pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods), to a certain extent, was affected by the larval diets. The maximal moth longevity (13 days) was recorded from larva reared on corn plants (4, 8 and 1 days). On the other hand, the shortest period (10.5 days) of moth longevity was observed in S.A.D2 (1, 9 and 0.5 days). S.A.D2 showed 11 days moth longevity (3, 7 and 1 days). The longest oviposition period (9 days) was recorded in the artificial diet S.A.D2, while it was only 7 days in the artificial diet S.A.D1 compared with 8 days in the natural diet.
The number of the deposited eggs increased with the progress of the 10 successive generations (G1:G10) from 150 to 265 and from 384 eggs to 564 eggs / female for the S.A.D1and S.A.D2, respectively. Whereas, the rate of the deposited eggs was gradually increased from 9.7 to 61.14 % in S.A.D2 while, it was decreased in all generations of S.A.D1 compared with those reared on the natural diet throughout the ten generations The highest mean number of deposited eggs throughout the 10 generations was resulted from S.A.D2 (438.2) while S.A.D1 revealed the least number (211.5) versus 350 from the natural diet.
On the other hand, the hatched eggs/female (406.3) in S.A.D2 represents 2.25 and 1.77 folds of those resulted from S.A.D1 (180.20 eggs) and the natural diet (230 eggs), successively. Meanwhile, the highest mean of hatchability percents was
resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 (92.69%) compared with. 85.59% in S.A.D1 and 65.71 % in the natural diet. In addition, the significant shortest total generation period was 44 days resulted from the artificial diet S.A.D2 while it was 53.5 and 54 days in corn plants and the artificial diet S.A.D1, consequently.
The results declared that the S.A.D2 could be consider a suitable artificial diet for a feasible mass rearing of the pink corn borer, Sesamia cretica led. The S.A.D2 showed the shortest larval, pupal and life span for generation periods. Moreover, it induced the longest oviposition period and the highest mean number of deposited eggs per female and the highest significant percent of eggs hatchability/fertility.
The utilization of this artificial diet (S.A.D2) will supply the researchers with the high-quality insects in adequate numbers, at specified times and specific stages of development for the bioassay, toxicological and biological studies.