Papers by Ademola O . Enitan
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INFECT DIS TROP MED, 2024
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had a variable impact on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in differ... more The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had a variable impact on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in different regions of the world. There are currently no data on the impact of the pandemic on STIs in Nigeria. This study estimated the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on non-HIV STIs, sexual behaviors, and treatment outcomes at an STI clinic in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.-Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of the records of symptomatic non-HIV STI patients, diagnosed between February 2017 and January 2023 was conducted. We compared the trends in STIs, sexual behaviors, and clinical outcomes before (February 2017-January 2020) and during (February 2020-January 2023) SARS-CoV-2 pandemic periods. The data between the two periods were compared using bivariate and multivariate statistical tests, and the level of statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05.-Results: There was a remarkable decline (88.89%) in the number of consultations for new STIs during the early phase of the pandemic, followed by a gradual rise to pre-pandemic levels in the latter part of the pandemic. The observed decline was most significant for STIs with relatively short incubation periods, such as non-gonococcal urethritis (p=0.024) and genital scabies (p=0.030), which declined by-68.7% and-75.0%, respectively. STIs with relatively longer incubation periods, such as syphilis and genital warts, did not decline significantly from pre-pandemic levels (p>0.05). The intra-pandemic STI patients exhibited greater STI risk behaviors and were significantly more likely to default from care than the pre-pandemic counterparts (adj OR= 2.479, 95% CI: 1.256-4.890).-Conclusions: Public health measures instituted to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 at the onset of the pandemic resulted in a significant decline in STI transmission in the early phase of the pandemic. However, increased STI risk behaviors and higher rates of default from clinical care during the peak pandemic period may have negated such benefits, resulting in a rapid increase in the incidence of new STIs with potentially worse treatment outcomes in the latter parts of the pandemic.
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Dermatology Practical & Conceptual , 2023
Aging is a ubiquitous human trait that predisposes older persons to chronic diseases. Compared wi... more Aging is a ubiquitous human trait that predisposes older persons to chronic diseases. Compared with systemic non-communicable diseases, a significant gap exists in literature on the burden of non-communicable dermatoses (NCDs) amongst older adults particularly in low and middle-income countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to document the epidemiology and clinical pattern of noncommunicable skin diseases among older adults at a tertiary healthcare facility in Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of ambulant adults aged ≥60 years referred for dermatological care at a teaching hospital in ile-ife, SouthWestern Nigeria between February 2017 and February 2022. The frequency and pattern of NCDs were recorded for descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS 20 statistics software. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: A total 553 medical records were reviewed with a female: male ratio of 1.3:1 The mean age of the study population was 68.85 ±7.87. Six out of every 10 patients (60.6%) had at least one chronic NCD. The incidence of chronic NCDs declined with increasing age. Chronic eczemas (22.4%), pigmentary dermatoses (9.4%) and skin tumors (8.7%) were the most frequent chronic
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East African Medical Journal , 2023
Background: Sexual behaviour deals with all things relating to sex, conception and sexual satisfa... more Background: Sexual behaviour deals with all things relating to sex, conception and sexual satisfaction. A number of sexual behaviours are considered highrisk as they are associated with increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections. Objectives: The study aimed at determining pattern of sexual behaviour as well as condom use among patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Materials and method: This was a hospital-based prospective study involving a total of 204 patients who received treatment for STIs at our Genitourinary medicine clinic from February 2017 to April 2023. Data obtained were analyzed with IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 25 software with level of statistical significance set at 0.05. Results: The overall mean age at coitarche was 19.2±3.6 years. The male patients had a significantly higher number of sexual partners, ranging from 1 to 50, compared to the female patients (p <0.001). Majority of the study participants (82.5%) had used condom during sex in the past, the use was occasional in 63.1%, always in 20.2% while 16.7% of the patients never used condom during sex. Meanwhile, only 39.6% used condom during the last sexual intercourse and the use was significant among age group 10-29 years compared to others. August 2023 EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 6203 Conclusion: There is need to intensify efforts on sex education, safe sexual practices as well as condom training and its consistent use in order to achieve a sound sexual health.
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Ibom Medical Journal , 2023
Hailey-Hailey disease misdiagnosed as candidal intertrigo: Case report of a rare skin disease
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Ibom Medical Journal , 2023
Complete pachydermoperiostosis with diffuse keratoderma mimicking thyroid Acropachy: A case repor... more Complete pachydermoperiostosis with diffuse keratoderma mimicking thyroid Acropachy: A case report and review of literature
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Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences , 2022
Background The Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for more than 70% of the global burden of HIV infectio... more Background The Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for more than 70% of the global burden of HIV infections. Non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis, when initiated within 72 hours of HIV exposure for 28 days, can prevent seroconversion in 80% of HIV exposures. Objectives To evaluate the characteristics, prevalence and outcome of non-occupational HIV postexposure prophylaxis utilization in a tertiary hospital. Method This was a retrospective study that involved the medical records of 143 patients who sought HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis between 1st June 2011 and 31st May 2021. A questionnaire was used to collect information about the sociodemographic data, profiles of both the source and exposed persons, antiretroviral completion rate and outcome at follow-up. Results Females accounted for 125 (87.4%). Sexual assaults were the main reasons for seeking non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis in 119 (83.2%). High-risk exposures were observed in 134 (93.7%). HIV status of the sources was unknown in 126 (88.1%). 123 (86.0%) initiated antiretroviral within 72 hours of exposure and antiretroviral completion rate was 70.6%. Only 28 (19.6%) reported for follow-up scheduled HIV screening and were all negative. Conclusion Early initiation of postexposure prophylaxis, improvement in baseline HIV testing of the source, and follow-up HIV screening, will significantly improve services and outcomes.
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Nigerian Journal of Medicine , 2022
IntroductIon Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also called pattern alopecia, pattern hair loss, or pat... more IntroductIon Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also called pattern alopecia, pattern hair loss, or pattern baldness, is the most common form of alopecia, characterized by progressive decline in hair growth or the presence of nonfunctional or dead hair follicles on the scalp in a specified pattern. [1] It is referred to as female pattern baldness in females, and male pattern baldness in males. [2] AGA results from excessive action of androgen in genetically susceptible men and women with polygenic inheritance pattern, causing thinning of hair which usually begins between ages 12 and 40 years. [3] The classical history of AGA is a gradual thinning of hairs followed by hair loss in a well-defined pattern. This commonly starts in the temporal areas in men but in women, the process often begins from the vertex. [4,5] The process continues gradually following the Hamilton-Norwood classification in men but in women, the frontal hairline is usually retained. [6] AGA is seen in 50% of adult men and perhaps as many women worldwide. [4,7] Up to 13% of premenopausal women reportedly have some evidence of AGA. [5] The incidence of AGA increases greatly in women following menopause and may affect up to 75% of women older than 65 years. [5] The prevalence of AGA (male and female) in a study by Oiwoh et al. [8] in SouthWestern Nigeria is 29.95% but a higher prevalence of 65% is seen among the male adult population in the Northern Nigeria. [9] The quality of life (QoL) is defined by the World Health Organization as an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns. [10] It is a broad-ranging concept affected in a complex way by the person's physical health, psychological Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair disorder resulting from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and nutritional factors. It may be associated with psychological, social, and emotional disturbances in the affected individuals and this may lead to a significant reduction in the quality of life (QoL). Aim: This study determined the impacts of AGA on the QoL among a Nigerian population. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 110 adults with AGA. Adult patients with AGA attending dermatology clinic were consecutively recruited after obtaining an informed consent. The QoL was assessed with Hairdex questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 43.45 ± 11.72 years (age range of 23-82 years) with male-to-female ratio of 14.7:1. The AGA duration ranged from 2 to 38 years, with a mean duration of 11.5 ± 4.2 years. Significant impairment in QoL was observed among the subjects in the Hairdex domains of symptoms, functioning, emotion, stigmatization, and self-confidence. Subjects who have previously been treated were more affected compared to those who were new and were yet to receive any treatment. Conclusion: Significant proportion of individuals with AGA experience enormous impairment in the QoL, indicating the need for psychosocial support while managing such patients.
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Nigerian Journal of Dermatology , 2022
Background: Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder with a huge medical... more Background: Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder with a huge medical, social, psychological, occupational and economic burden. The cutaneous features and complications of albinism vary depending on the type of albinism. Objective: The study objective was to describe the pattern of cutaneous lesions in people with oculocutaneous albinism. Method: This cross-sectional study involved forty-eight individuals with oculocutaneous albinism resident in Osun, Oyo, and Ondo states, SouthWestern Nigeria. The study participants had their skin examined by Dermatologists, and histology was performed on biopsy specimens of skin lesions with an unclear clinical diagnosis and those with suspicion of malignancy. Results: The study participants were aged between 11 and 61 years (mean age 34.5 ± 11.3 years). The majority of the participants (60.4%) work predominantly outdoors. All but one (97.9%) of the participants had at least one photo-dermatosis, while 12.7% had other non-photo-induced dermatoses. Dermatoheliosis (77.1%) and solar lentigines (66.7%) were the two most common photo-dermatoses. More than half of the study participants (52.1%) had pre-malignant skin lesions (actinic keratosis), while malignant skin tumours were observed in 18.8%. Conclusion: The study shows there is a high burden of photo-dermatoses, including pre-malignant and malignant skin tumours, even among younger populations of people with oculocutaneous albinism.
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West African journal of medicine, Oct 20, 2022
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of alopecia, affecting 50% of the... more Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of alopecia, affecting 50% of the adult population world-wide. The exact mechanisms of this common hair disorder are yet to be fully elucidated. It is believed to be related to high circulating androgen levels in the blood and it is genetically determined. Deficiencies of micronutrients such as iron in the development of AGA have been a subject of debate. Objective: This study sought to determine the association between serum ferritin levels and androgenetic alopecia among patients attending the Dermatology clinic at a tertiary health facility in South-Western Nigeria. Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study with a total of 114 participants, which consisted of 57 subjects with AGA and 57 age and sex-matched healthy adults without AGAwho met the inclusion criteria. The diagnosis of AGA was made clinically and with the aid of a Dermatoscope (Wi-Fi Digital Microscope RoHS YPC_X03 V2018, HD Colour CMOS sensor with 50X-1000X magnification and HD resolution 1920x1080P). Results: The mean age of the study participants was 41.68 ± 12.86 years with age ranging from 24 to 80 years. The mean serum ferritin levels among the subjects and control group were 188.65 ±97.92ng/ml and 194.49 ± 76.67ng/ml respectively but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.724). However, subjects with premature AGA had a significantly lower serum ferritin level compared to those with adult-onset AGA (p = 0.020). Conclusion: Iron deficiency is known to cause quantitative defect in haemoglobin production, limiting the amount of oxygen transported for hair growth and this, in addition to genetic factors, may explain why individuals with premature AGA have a significantly low serum ferritin levels.
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West African Journal of Medicine, 2020
The initial clinical manifestations of COVID 19 in Wuhan was fever, cough and shortness of breath... more The initial clinical manifestations of COVID 19 in Wuhan was fever, cough and shortness of breath but early reports in Italy and Spain preceded emerging literature of skin involvement. COVID19 was first reported in December, 2019 and after several observations of cutaneous involvement in patients with the disease there was need to document such in literature. The details of the clinical presentation and the pathophysiological mechanisms of these cutaneous lesions are, however, still poorly understood. This is a review of twenty-four published scientific articles summarizing the various cutaneous features observed by the frontline health care givers involved in the management of patients with Covid-19. Maculopapular exanthem was the most common pattern reported, accounting for 44.4% of skin manifestations. The pseudo-chilblain, urticarial, vesicular, livedoid and Kawasaki-like disease patterns accounted for 18.1%, 17.6%, 12.9%, 5.1% and 1.9% respectively. Anumber of the patients (9.5...
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Tropical Journal of Medical Research, 2017
Polycystic liver diseases (PLDs) are a rare group of genetic disorders, in which multiple cysts o... more Polycystic liver diseases (PLDs) are a rare group of genetic disorders, in which multiple cysts occur in the liver. This could occur on a background of cystic kidneys, known as autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) or without the presence of cysts in any other organ of the body, known as autosomal-dominant PLD. Irrespective of the type of the polycystic liver, the natural course of these disorders is similar. Both genders are affected, but the female gender has a higher prevalence. Majority of patients with PLD are asymptomatic and can be managed conservatively, but a minority could develop massive hepatomegaly and attendant symptoms from compression of the surrounding organs. We present a patient with massive polycystic liver on a background of ADPKD.
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Books by Ademola O . Enitan
Clinical manifestations of Covid-19: A Multidisciplinary Approach , 2024
COVID-19 has been shown to have varous manifestations across systems but
the cutaneous manifesta... more COVID-19 has been shown to have varous manifestations across systems but
the cutaneous manifestations serve as indispensable clues to the occurrence,
and worsening of COVID-19 as well as useful markersfor prognosis
Macuopauar manifestations of COVID-19 havebeen reported to have a hgher
frequency compared to other manifestations. The severity of COVID-19 can be
predicted by the acroischemia in COVID19 while livedoid eruptions have also
been reported to have the highest mortality.
For prompt diagnosis, better management and prognosis;intentional attention to
the skin through the involvement of Dermatologists is key to better health for the
patient.
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Papers by Ademola O . Enitan
Books by Ademola O . Enitan
the cutaneous manifestations serve as indispensable clues to the occurrence,
and worsening of COVID-19 as well as useful markersfor prognosis
Macuopauar manifestations of COVID-19 havebeen reported to have a hgher
frequency compared to other manifestations. The severity of COVID-19 can be
predicted by the acroischemia in COVID19 while livedoid eruptions have also
been reported to have the highest mortality.
For prompt diagnosis, better management and prognosis;intentional attention to
the skin through the involvement of Dermatologists is key to better health for the
patient.
the cutaneous manifestations serve as indispensable clues to the occurrence,
and worsening of COVID-19 as well as useful markersfor prognosis
Macuopauar manifestations of COVID-19 havebeen reported to have a hgher
frequency compared to other manifestations. The severity of COVID-19 can be
predicted by the acroischemia in COVID19 while livedoid eruptions have also
been reported to have the highest mortality.
For prompt diagnosis, better management and prognosis;intentional attention to
the skin through the involvement of Dermatologists is key to better health for the
patient.