Fruits of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) grown in Nigeria have acceptable quality jui... more Fruits of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) grown in Nigeria have acceptable quality juice that could be further processed and utilized to meet local demands, reduce importation of processed citrus products, and reduce harvest losses.
Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a type of nonscarring alopecia with prevalence, patt... more Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a type of nonscarring alopecia with prevalence, pattern, and severity that have not been documented extensively in Nigeria and Africa. This study aimed to document AGA's prevalence and clinical characteristics among adults in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study of 260 consenting adults with AGA and 260 age- and sex-matched controls through a multistage sampling method. The survey for AGA was done using a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 20. Results: The overall prevalence of AGA was 29.95%, with a gender prevalence of 24.88% and 5.06% for men and women, respectively. The mean age of AGA was 51.32 ± 16.31 years, with a range of 24–90 years and male-to-female ratio of 4.9:1. The prevalence of premature AGA was 0.38%. Grade II vertex (13.8%) and VI (10.4%) were the most frequent male androgenetic alopecia severity grades, while grade IVa was the least common. Ludwig I was the most frequent female androgenetic alopecia severity grade (7.7%), followed by Ludwig II (6.9%) and III (2.3%). The mixed type of baldness was the most common (73.6%) phenotype, followed by frontal (20.8%), and vertex (4.2%) in men. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of AGA was 29.95%. The prevalence varies with location, age and gender with paternal family history as a significant risk factor. The mixed type of baldness is the most common phenotype.
Background: Skin diseases are major health problems especially in resource poor countries and one... more Background: Skin diseases are major health problems especially in resource poor countries and one of the most frequent conditions informing hospital visit. Despite its low mortality, morbidity is however remarkable due partly to meagre resources allocated to skin health care and inadequate dermatologists to manage the increasing number of cases. This preliminary study therefore seeks to evaluate the clinical characteristics of skin diseases in a newly established clinic in Owo, a semi-urban settlement, in South-western Nigeria. The data from this study can assist the health policy makers in prioritizing resources allocated to health to improve skin health and also creates awareness on how prevalent skin diseases are in this locality with a view to giving it the desired attention. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out between April, 2016 and March, 2017. Information comprising age, sex and diagnoses were retrieved from the medical records of all the patients that attend...
IntroductIon Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also called pattern alopecia, pattern hair loss, or pat... more IntroductIon Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also called pattern alopecia, pattern hair loss, or pattern baldness, is the most common form of alopecia, characterized by progressive decline in hair growth or the presence of nonfunctional or dead hair follicles on the scalp in a specified pattern. [1] It is referred to as female pattern baldness in females, and male pattern baldness in males. [2] AGA results from excessive action of androgen in genetically susceptible men and women with polygenic inheritance pattern, causing thinning of hair which usually begins between ages 12 and 40 years. [3] The classical history of AGA is a gradual thinning of hairs followed by hair loss in a well-defined pattern. This commonly starts in the temporal areas in men but in women, the process often begins from the vertex. [4,5] The process continues gradually following the Hamilton-Norwood classification in men but in women, the frontal hairline is usually retained. [6] AGA is seen in 50% of adult men and perhaps as many women worldwide. [4,7] Up to 13% of premenopausal women reportedly have some evidence of AGA. [5] The incidence of AGA increases greatly in women following menopause and may affect up to 75% of women older than 65 years. [5] The prevalence of AGA (male and female) in a study by Oiwoh et al. [8] in SouthWestern Nigeria is 29.95% but a higher prevalence of 65% is seen among the male adult population in the Northern Nigeria. [9] The quality of life (QoL) is defined by the World Health Organization as an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns. [10] It is a broad-ranging concept affected in a complex way by the person's physical health, psychological Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair disorder resulting from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and nutritional factors. It may be associated with psychological, social, and emotional disturbances in the affected individuals and this may lead to a significant reduction in the quality of life (QoL). Aim: This study determined the impacts of AGA on the QoL among a Nigerian population. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 110 adults with AGA. Adult patients with AGA attending dermatology clinic were consecutively recruited after obtaining an informed consent. The QoL was assessed with Hairdex questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 43.45 ± 11.72 years (age range of 23-82 years) with male-to-female ratio of 14.7:1. The AGA duration ranged from 2 to 38 years, with a mean duration of 11.5 ± 4.2 years. Significant impairment in QoL was observed among the subjects in the Hairdex domains of symptoms, functioning, emotion, stigmatization, and self-confidence. Subjects who have previously been treated were more affected compared to those who were new and were yet to receive any treatment. Conclusion: Significant proportion of individuals with AGA experience enormous impairment in the QoL, indicating the need for psychosocial support while managing such patients.
BACKGROUND Psychodermatoses and their associations with mental health problems are one of the mos... more BACKGROUND Psychodermatoses and their associations with mental health problems are one of the most frequent research themes in dermatology out-patient settings. Surprisingly however, very few studies have been conducted to evaluate psychodermatoses among subjects with primary psychiatric disorders. As such, the relationship between pre-existing psychiatric disorders and co-morbid psychodermatoses are underrepresented in literature. OBJECTIVE Aims This study examined the prevalence and distribution spread of psychodermatoses among adults with primary psychiatric disorders and determined the association between psychodermatological disorders and underlying psychiatric diagnosis. METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study involving 107 adult psychiatric patients was conducted at a tertiary healthcare facility in Southwestern Nigeria. Co-morbid psychodermatological disorders (PDs) were identified and classified using pre-existing classification systems. Bivariate analysis was conducted ...
BACKGROUND Striae distensae is a common affliction of darkly pigmented skin. The pattern, risk fa... more BACKGROUND Striae distensae is a common affliction of darkly pigmented skin. The pattern, risk factors and impact of striae distensae on the Quality of Life (QoL) have not been widely examined. OBJECTIVE To document the prevalence, pattern, risk factors and impact of striae distensae on the QoL of sufferers. METHODS 520 adults were included through a crosssectional design. Demographic and striae distensae-related clinical parameters were documented and QoL evaluated using Skindex-29 and DLQI. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 24.10±5.44years. Participants with striae distensae were significantly females (71.9% vs 28.1%, p<0.001) and mild (61.9%) and moderate (32.5%) striae distensae were prevalent. Higher total mean ± SD and mean ranked scores correlated with single status (p<0.001 and p=0.017) and striae distensae severity (p<0.001 and p=0.035) on Skindex and DLQI, respectively. Singles with striae distensae had significantly higher scores on symptom/feeling (p<0.001...
A 23-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with a two-month history of fungating left shoulder... more A 23-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with a two-month history of fungating left shoulder and left elbow swellings associated with fever, weight loss and anaemia. X-rays showed lytic destruction of the lateral third of the left clavicle and distal half of the left humerus. Histology of biopsy specimen confirmed African histoplasmosis. The lesion resolved following treatment with ketoconazole.
Many patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection now live long due to the availabi... more Many patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection now live long due to the availability of antiretroviral drugs. This has resulted in many hitherto unknown complications being reported. We report a 56-year-old trader who presented with a seven-month history of pain in both shoulders and hips. Laboratory investigations and x-rays confirmed oesteonecrosis of both humeral heads and femoral heads in HIV/AIDS. She is presently on antiretroviral drugs and conservative management of her multiple joint disorders.
Sun damaged to the skin in the tropics is not an uncommon event. There is need for a high index o... more Sun damaged to the skin in the tropics is not an uncommon event. There is need for a high index of suspicion especially in patients with outdoor occupations. Prompt diagnosis and therapy will prevent progression to a cancerous state. We report a case of cutaneous horns secondary to actinic keratosis, a pre-cancerous condition relatively uncommon in Black skin. The importance of histological support in its diagnosis cannot be over-emphasized.
Aspirin and selenium have been shown in vitro and in vivo to inhibit HIV production through inhib... more Aspirin and selenium have been shown in vitro and in vivo to inhibit HIV production through inhibition of the transcription factor, the nuclear factor kappa binding (NF-eB). The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy or otherwise of these drugs in people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWAS) in resource limited countries. Consenting HAART-naive PLWAS with mean CD4 count of 256.8 +/- 67.6 cells/ul were recruited into the study. Pretherapy blood count, serum biochemistry, chest x-ray, urinary glucose and protein and microscopy and culture of both urine and stool were checked in all cases. Each patient was treated for six months and CD4 counts were repeated at the end of the study. Thirty two patients (23 (72%) females and nine (28%) males), aged 22-52 (median = 36) years were recruited. Twenty-three (72%) were randomised into selenium and aspirin (SAM) and nine (28%) into selenium (SM); multivitamin was added to each arm. Eighteen (56.2%) patients completed the study. Sixteen (88.9%...
Three hundred and sixty nine Nigerian neonates and 484 Nigerian children aged 1 month to 14 years... more Three hundred and sixty nine Nigerian neonates and 484 Nigerian children aged 1 month to 14 years were examined for the presence of Mongolian spots. The spots were observed in 381 children (189 boys and 192 girls) with an overall incidence of 44.7% regardless of sex or age. The colour of the Mongolian spots varied from pale blue to grayish blue. The most frequently involved sites were the gluteal, sacrococcygeal and lumbar areas respectively. In our study, Mongolian spots were present in 74.8% of neonates and in 13.6% of pre-school children. There was a rapid disappearance in the incidence of Mongolian spots with advancing age. No case of Mongolian spot was recorded in children aged 6 years and above. Primipara whose children have Mongolian spots should be reassured that the spots are harmless and would usually disappear in early childhood. Physicians should however be alert to marks resulting from child abuse as these could mimic the spots.
Scabies is a highly contagious disease of the skin caused by an ectoparasite arthropod called Sar... more Scabies is a highly contagious disease of the skin caused by an ectoparasite arthropod called Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis. It has a world-wide distribution and affects all ages with no specific gender predisposition. Scabies is of public health interest because certain environment factors such as overcrowding, poor hygiene, delayed treatment of primary cases and lack of public enlightenment are conducive to its spread. However, prompt and adequate therapy is rewarding and prevents spread.
Fruits of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) grown in Nigeria have acceptable quality jui... more Fruits of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) grown in Nigeria have acceptable quality juice that could be further processed and utilized to meet local demands, reduce importation of processed citrus products, and reduce harvest losses.
Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a type of nonscarring alopecia with prevalence, patt... more Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a type of nonscarring alopecia with prevalence, pattern, and severity that have not been documented extensively in Nigeria and Africa. This study aimed to document AGA's prevalence and clinical characteristics among adults in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study of 260 consenting adults with AGA and 260 age- and sex-matched controls through a multistage sampling method. The survey for AGA was done using a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 20. Results: The overall prevalence of AGA was 29.95%, with a gender prevalence of 24.88% and 5.06% for men and women, respectively. The mean age of AGA was 51.32 ± 16.31 years, with a range of 24–90 years and male-to-female ratio of 4.9:1. The prevalence of premature AGA was 0.38%. Grade II vertex (13.8%) and VI (10.4%) were the most frequent male androgenetic alopecia severity grades, while grade IVa was the least common. Ludwig I was the most frequent female androgenetic alopecia severity grade (7.7%), followed by Ludwig II (6.9%) and III (2.3%). The mixed type of baldness was the most common (73.6%) phenotype, followed by frontal (20.8%), and vertex (4.2%) in men. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of AGA was 29.95%. The prevalence varies with location, age and gender with paternal family history as a significant risk factor. The mixed type of baldness is the most common phenotype.
Background: Skin diseases are major health problems especially in resource poor countries and one... more Background: Skin diseases are major health problems especially in resource poor countries and one of the most frequent conditions informing hospital visit. Despite its low mortality, morbidity is however remarkable due partly to meagre resources allocated to skin health care and inadequate dermatologists to manage the increasing number of cases. This preliminary study therefore seeks to evaluate the clinical characteristics of skin diseases in a newly established clinic in Owo, a semi-urban settlement, in South-western Nigeria. The data from this study can assist the health policy makers in prioritizing resources allocated to health to improve skin health and also creates awareness on how prevalent skin diseases are in this locality with a view to giving it the desired attention. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out between April, 2016 and March, 2017. Information comprising age, sex and diagnoses were retrieved from the medical records of all the patients that attend...
IntroductIon Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also called pattern alopecia, pattern hair loss, or pat... more IntroductIon Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also called pattern alopecia, pattern hair loss, or pattern baldness, is the most common form of alopecia, characterized by progressive decline in hair growth or the presence of nonfunctional or dead hair follicles on the scalp in a specified pattern. [1] It is referred to as female pattern baldness in females, and male pattern baldness in males. [2] AGA results from excessive action of androgen in genetically susceptible men and women with polygenic inheritance pattern, causing thinning of hair which usually begins between ages 12 and 40 years. [3] The classical history of AGA is a gradual thinning of hairs followed by hair loss in a well-defined pattern. This commonly starts in the temporal areas in men but in women, the process often begins from the vertex. [4,5] The process continues gradually following the Hamilton-Norwood classification in men but in women, the frontal hairline is usually retained. [6] AGA is seen in 50% of adult men and perhaps as many women worldwide. [4,7] Up to 13% of premenopausal women reportedly have some evidence of AGA. [5] The incidence of AGA increases greatly in women following menopause and may affect up to 75% of women older than 65 years. [5] The prevalence of AGA (male and female) in a study by Oiwoh et al. [8] in SouthWestern Nigeria is 29.95% but a higher prevalence of 65% is seen among the male adult population in the Northern Nigeria. [9] The quality of life (QoL) is defined by the World Health Organization as an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns. [10] It is a broad-ranging concept affected in a complex way by the person's physical health, psychological Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair disorder resulting from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and nutritional factors. It may be associated with psychological, social, and emotional disturbances in the affected individuals and this may lead to a significant reduction in the quality of life (QoL). Aim: This study determined the impacts of AGA on the QoL among a Nigerian population. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 110 adults with AGA. Adult patients with AGA attending dermatology clinic were consecutively recruited after obtaining an informed consent. The QoL was assessed with Hairdex questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 43.45 ± 11.72 years (age range of 23-82 years) with male-to-female ratio of 14.7:1. The AGA duration ranged from 2 to 38 years, with a mean duration of 11.5 ± 4.2 years. Significant impairment in QoL was observed among the subjects in the Hairdex domains of symptoms, functioning, emotion, stigmatization, and self-confidence. Subjects who have previously been treated were more affected compared to those who were new and were yet to receive any treatment. Conclusion: Significant proportion of individuals with AGA experience enormous impairment in the QoL, indicating the need for psychosocial support while managing such patients.
BACKGROUND Psychodermatoses and their associations with mental health problems are one of the mos... more BACKGROUND Psychodermatoses and their associations with mental health problems are one of the most frequent research themes in dermatology out-patient settings. Surprisingly however, very few studies have been conducted to evaluate psychodermatoses among subjects with primary psychiatric disorders. As such, the relationship between pre-existing psychiatric disorders and co-morbid psychodermatoses are underrepresented in literature. OBJECTIVE Aims This study examined the prevalence and distribution spread of psychodermatoses among adults with primary psychiatric disorders and determined the association between psychodermatological disorders and underlying psychiatric diagnosis. METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study involving 107 adult psychiatric patients was conducted at a tertiary healthcare facility in Southwestern Nigeria. Co-morbid psychodermatological disorders (PDs) were identified and classified using pre-existing classification systems. Bivariate analysis was conducted ...
BACKGROUND Striae distensae is a common affliction of darkly pigmented skin. The pattern, risk fa... more BACKGROUND Striae distensae is a common affliction of darkly pigmented skin. The pattern, risk factors and impact of striae distensae on the Quality of Life (QoL) have not been widely examined. OBJECTIVE To document the prevalence, pattern, risk factors and impact of striae distensae on the QoL of sufferers. METHODS 520 adults were included through a crosssectional design. Demographic and striae distensae-related clinical parameters were documented and QoL evaluated using Skindex-29 and DLQI. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 24.10±5.44years. Participants with striae distensae were significantly females (71.9% vs 28.1%, p<0.001) and mild (61.9%) and moderate (32.5%) striae distensae were prevalent. Higher total mean ± SD and mean ranked scores correlated with single status (p<0.001 and p=0.017) and striae distensae severity (p<0.001 and p=0.035) on Skindex and DLQI, respectively. Singles with striae distensae had significantly higher scores on symptom/feeling (p<0.001...
A 23-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with a two-month history of fungating left shoulder... more A 23-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with a two-month history of fungating left shoulder and left elbow swellings associated with fever, weight loss and anaemia. X-rays showed lytic destruction of the lateral third of the left clavicle and distal half of the left humerus. Histology of biopsy specimen confirmed African histoplasmosis. The lesion resolved following treatment with ketoconazole.
Many patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection now live long due to the availabi... more Many patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection now live long due to the availability of antiretroviral drugs. This has resulted in many hitherto unknown complications being reported. We report a 56-year-old trader who presented with a seven-month history of pain in both shoulders and hips. Laboratory investigations and x-rays confirmed oesteonecrosis of both humeral heads and femoral heads in HIV/AIDS. She is presently on antiretroviral drugs and conservative management of her multiple joint disorders.
Sun damaged to the skin in the tropics is not an uncommon event. There is need for a high index o... more Sun damaged to the skin in the tropics is not an uncommon event. There is need for a high index of suspicion especially in patients with outdoor occupations. Prompt diagnosis and therapy will prevent progression to a cancerous state. We report a case of cutaneous horns secondary to actinic keratosis, a pre-cancerous condition relatively uncommon in Black skin. The importance of histological support in its diagnosis cannot be over-emphasized.
Aspirin and selenium have been shown in vitro and in vivo to inhibit HIV production through inhib... more Aspirin and selenium have been shown in vitro and in vivo to inhibit HIV production through inhibition of the transcription factor, the nuclear factor kappa binding (NF-eB). The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy or otherwise of these drugs in people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWAS) in resource limited countries. Consenting HAART-naive PLWAS with mean CD4 count of 256.8 +/- 67.6 cells/ul were recruited into the study. Pretherapy blood count, serum biochemistry, chest x-ray, urinary glucose and protein and microscopy and culture of both urine and stool were checked in all cases. Each patient was treated for six months and CD4 counts were repeated at the end of the study. Thirty two patients (23 (72%) females and nine (28%) males), aged 22-52 (median = 36) years were recruited. Twenty-three (72%) were randomised into selenium and aspirin (SAM) and nine (28%) into selenium (SM); multivitamin was added to each arm. Eighteen (56.2%) patients completed the study. Sixteen (88.9%...
Three hundred and sixty nine Nigerian neonates and 484 Nigerian children aged 1 month to 14 years... more Three hundred and sixty nine Nigerian neonates and 484 Nigerian children aged 1 month to 14 years were examined for the presence of Mongolian spots. The spots were observed in 381 children (189 boys and 192 girls) with an overall incidence of 44.7% regardless of sex or age. The colour of the Mongolian spots varied from pale blue to grayish blue. The most frequently involved sites were the gluteal, sacrococcygeal and lumbar areas respectively. In our study, Mongolian spots were present in 74.8% of neonates and in 13.6% of pre-school children. There was a rapid disappearance in the incidence of Mongolian spots with advancing age. No case of Mongolian spot was recorded in children aged 6 years and above. Primipara whose children have Mongolian spots should be reassured that the spots are harmless and would usually disappear in early childhood. Physicians should however be alert to marks resulting from child abuse as these could mimic the spots.
Scabies is a highly contagious disease of the skin caused by an ectoparasite arthropod called Sar... more Scabies is a highly contagious disease of the skin caused by an ectoparasite arthropod called Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis. It has a world-wide distribution and affects all ages with no specific gender predisposition. Scabies is of public health interest because certain environment factors such as overcrowding, poor hygiene, delayed treatment of primary cases and lack of public enlightenment are conducive to its spread. However, prompt and adequate therapy is rewarding and prevents spread.
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Papers by O. Onayemi