Background: Providing population-based data on awareness, attitude and practice of drug and stimu... more Background: Providing population-based data on awareness, attitude and practice of drug and stimulant use has policy implications. A national study was conducted among Iranian general population to explore life time prevalence, awareness and attitudes toward opioids and stimulant use. Methods: We recruited subjects from 5 provinces with heterogenic pattern of drug use. Participants were selected using stratified multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was applied to identify the variables that are associated with drug and stimulant use. Results: In total 2065 respondents including 1155 men (33.96 ± 10.40 years old) and 910 women (35.45 ± 12.21 years old) were recruited. Two-third of respondents had good awareness about adverse effects of opioid use. Corresponding figure in terms of stimulants was 81.4%. Almost 95% of participants reported a negative attitude towards either opioid or stimulant use. The lifetime prevalence of opioid use and stimulant use were 12.9% (men: 21.5%, women: 4.0%) and 7.3% (men: 9.6%, women: 4.9%), respectively. Gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] M/W = 6.92; 95% CI: 2.92, 16.42), education (AOR undergraduate/diploma or less = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.90), and marital status (AOR others/single = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.33) were significantly related with opioid use. With respect to stimulant use, age was negatively associated with the outcome (AOR 60+/20-29 years = 0.08: 95% CI; 0.01, 0.98) and men were 2 times more likely than women to use stimulants (OR M/W =2.15: 95% CI: 0.83, 5.56). In addition, marital status (AOR Others/singles = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.09, 10.93), and awareness (AOR Weak and moderate/good = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.61) were independently correlated with stimulants use. Conclusion: While the attitude of Iranian adults toward opioid and stimulant use was negative, their awareness was not that adequate to prevent the drug use. Men and those with lower socioeconomic status (SES) should be the focus of health promotion programs regarding opioid use. However, regarding stimulants use, promotion programs should target younger age groups and those with higher SES status. Implications for policy makers • The life time prevalence of opioids and stimulants were 12.9% (men: 21.5%, women: 4.0%) and 7.3% (men: 9.6%, women: 4.9%) respectively. • In terms of opioid use, health promotion programs should target men and populations with lower socioeconomic status (SES) status. • Regarding stimulants use, promotion programs should target the younger age groups and those with high SES status. Implications for the public The life time prevalence of opioid and stimulants use among men was 5 and 2 times higher than that of women. Although most Iranians were aware of adverse effects of opioid and stimulants use, the life time prevalence of these outcomes were high. Appropriate health promotion programs should be designed to decrease use of these drugs.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is known as one of the health emergencies of the 21st century. This... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is known as one of the health emergencies of the 21st century. This disorder is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and pregnancy complications, as well as lower quality of life, high economic burden, and high risk of premature death. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the necessity of and barriers to developing psychological interventions to treat, improve, and manage type II diabetes from the perspective of health policymakers in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on 11 policymakers of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran within 2016-2019. The data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews and then analyzed by content analysis. Results: The main themes related to the necessity of developing psychological interventions included impact on the quality of life, disease management, cost-effectiven...
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused increasing levels of mental health problems such as ... more IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused increasing levels of mental health problems such as anxiety and depression among doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers in hospitals or health centers. The main objective of this study was to assess the mental health, job stressors, and burnout among healthcare workers in Iran.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in the primary healthcare centers and hospitals affiliated with six of the medical universities in Iran. The selection of participants was done using multi-center convenient sampling. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory were used for gathering data through an online platform. Data related to job stressors were obtained using a validated checklist. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square and multiple regression tests and the phi coefficient.ResultsThe results of our study showed that 53% of the healthcare workers of the hospitals and ...
Objective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entit... more Objective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled “SERAJ”, was developed and piloted in three districts of Iran. The present study aims to thoroughly explain the educational needs for implementing the provision of comprehensive mental and social health services in districts of Iran (SERAJ). Method: In this study, we have interviewed service providers, held focused group discussions (FGDs) and used the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) model for analyzing the duties of the service providers. Results: To implement SERAJ, Mental and Social Health Professionals and Healthcare professionals should be trained on various contents in the fields of mental health, social health, and addiction to provide primary care services in Iran. Such training materials and schedules are necessary for providing secondary, and community action care services as well. Conclusion: The educational program resulting from this study should be piloted an...
Objective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entit... more Objective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled “SERAJ” was developed and piloted in three districts of Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SERAJ by conducting assessments before and after the implementation in the intervention and the control areas. Method: This was a controlled community trial that was assessed by conducting repeated surveys in the intervention and the control areas. In total, 2952 and 2874 individuals were assessed in the intervention and the control areas, respectively. The change in prevalence of mental disorders (using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIDI), service utilization, mental health literacy, happiness, and perceived social support were measured over 18 months in three districts of Osko, Bardsir, and Quchan as the intervention areas, which were compared with three matched districts as the control areas. Results: No significant difference was found in the ...
Background: In this study, the basic criteria, models, and indicators of intersectoral collaborat... more Background: In this study, the basic criteria, models, and indicators of intersectoral collaboration in health promotion were investigated to facilitate the implementation of collaboration. Methods: This scoping review was conducted using datasets of Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, and search engines of Google, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Results: 52 studies were included, and 32 codes in Micro, Meso, and Macro level, were obtained. Micro-level criteria had the highest frequency. Among the models used in the reviewed studies, social network analysis, Diagnosis of Sustainable Collaboration, Bergen, and logic models had the highest frequency. Among the indicators studied, the number of participants and the level of collaboration as well as its sustainability were the most frequent indicators. Conclusion: The findings identified the most important and widely used criteria, models, and indicators of intersectoral collaboration in health promotion which can be useful for de...
Background & Aim: Nowadays, we have some data in different sciences which number of zeros is more... more Background & Aim: Nowadays, we have some data in different sciences which number of zeros is more than expected, such data are called zero-inflated which can be modeled by regressions for count data. Many researches have been conducted in the field of classical method on count data. Most of Bayesian analysis which is conducted for these data used zero-inflated Poisson regression. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is comparison of Bayesian and classic approaches in regression of zero-inflated negative binomial (NB) on data for determining the size estimation of people who have used alcohol more than once in last year. Methods & Materials: This research had been in two provinces of Fars and Kerman in 2011, a sample size of each province was formed proportional to people of that province, and totally the calculated sample size was 700. Zero-inflated NB regression was fitted to the data in two Bayesian and classical methods, and then two methods have been compared. Results of...
Background: Providing population-based data on awareness, attitude and practice of drug and stimu... more Background: Providing population-based data on awareness, attitude and practice of drug and stimulant use has policy implications. A national study was conducted among Iranian general population to explore life time prevalence, awareness and attitudes toward opioids and stimulant use. Methods: We recruited subjects from 5 provinces with heterogenic pattern of drug use. Participants were selected using stratified multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was applied to identify the variables that are associated with drug and stimulant use. Results: In total 2065 respondents including 1155 men (33.96 ± 10.40 years old) and 910 women (35.45 ± 12.21 years old) were recruited. Two-third of respondents had good awareness about adverse effects of opioid use. Corresponding figure in terms of stimulants was 81.4%. Almost 95% of participants reported a negative attitude towards either opioid or stimulant use. The lifetime prevalence of opioid use and stimulant use were 12.9% (men: 21.5%, women: 4.0%) and 7.3% (men: 9.6%, women: 4.9%), respectively. Gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] M/W = 6.92; 95% CI: 2.92, 16.42), education (AOR undergraduate/diploma or less = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.90), and marital status (AOR others/single = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.33) were significantly related with opioid use. With respect to stimulant use, age was negatively associated with the outcome (AOR 60+/20-29 years = 0.08: 95% CI; 0.01, 0.98) and men were 2 times more likely than women to use stimulants (OR M/W =2.15: 95% CI: 0.83, 5.56). In addition, marital status (AOR Others/singles = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.09, 10.93), and awareness (AOR Weak and moderate/good = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.61) were independently correlated with stimulants use. Conclusion: While the attitude of Iranian adults toward opioid and stimulant use was negative, their awareness was not that adequate to prevent the drug use. Men and those with lower socioeconomic status (SES) should be the focus of health promotion programs regarding opioid use. However, regarding stimulants use, promotion programs should target younger age groups and those with higher SES status. Implications for policy makers • The life time prevalence of opioids and stimulants were 12.9% (men: 21.5%, women: 4.0%) and 7.3% (men: 9.6%, women: 4.9%) respectively. • In terms of opioid use, health promotion programs should target men and populations with lower socioeconomic status (SES) status. • Regarding stimulants use, promotion programs should target the younger age groups and those with high SES status. Implications for the public The life time prevalence of opioid and stimulants use among men was 5 and 2 times higher than that of women. Although most Iranians were aware of adverse effects of opioid and stimulants use, the life time prevalence of these outcomes were high. Appropriate health promotion programs should be designed to decrease use of these drugs.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is known as one of the health emergencies of the 21st century. This... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is known as one of the health emergencies of the 21st century. This disorder is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and pregnancy complications, as well as lower quality of life, high economic burden, and high risk of premature death. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the necessity of and barriers to developing psychological interventions to treat, improve, and manage type II diabetes from the perspective of health policymakers in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on 11 policymakers of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran within 2016-2019. The data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews and then analyzed by content analysis. Results: The main themes related to the necessity of developing psychological interventions included impact on the quality of life, disease management, cost-effectiven...
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused increasing levels of mental health problems such as ... more IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused increasing levels of mental health problems such as anxiety and depression among doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers in hospitals or health centers. The main objective of this study was to assess the mental health, job stressors, and burnout among healthcare workers in Iran.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in the primary healthcare centers and hospitals affiliated with six of the medical universities in Iran. The selection of participants was done using multi-center convenient sampling. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory were used for gathering data through an online platform. Data related to job stressors were obtained using a validated checklist. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square and multiple regression tests and the phi coefficient.ResultsThe results of our study showed that 53% of the healthcare workers of the hospitals and ...
Objective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entit... more Objective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled “SERAJ”, was developed and piloted in three districts of Iran. The present study aims to thoroughly explain the educational needs for implementing the provision of comprehensive mental and social health services in districts of Iran (SERAJ). Method: In this study, we have interviewed service providers, held focused group discussions (FGDs) and used the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) model for analyzing the duties of the service providers. Results: To implement SERAJ, Mental and Social Health Professionals and Healthcare professionals should be trained on various contents in the fields of mental health, social health, and addiction to provide primary care services in Iran. Such training materials and schedules are necessary for providing secondary, and community action care services as well. Conclusion: The educational program resulting from this study should be piloted an...
Objective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entit... more Objective: A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled “SERAJ” was developed and piloted in three districts of Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SERAJ by conducting assessments before and after the implementation in the intervention and the control areas. Method: This was a controlled community trial that was assessed by conducting repeated surveys in the intervention and the control areas. In total, 2952 and 2874 individuals were assessed in the intervention and the control areas, respectively. The change in prevalence of mental disorders (using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIDI), service utilization, mental health literacy, happiness, and perceived social support were measured over 18 months in three districts of Osko, Bardsir, and Quchan as the intervention areas, which were compared with three matched districts as the control areas. Results: No significant difference was found in the ...
Background: In this study, the basic criteria, models, and indicators of intersectoral collaborat... more Background: In this study, the basic criteria, models, and indicators of intersectoral collaboration in health promotion were investigated to facilitate the implementation of collaboration. Methods: This scoping review was conducted using datasets of Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, and search engines of Google, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Results: 52 studies were included, and 32 codes in Micro, Meso, and Macro level, were obtained. Micro-level criteria had the highest frequency. Among the models used in the reviewed studies, social network analysis, Diagnosis of Sustainable Collaboration, Bergen, and logic models had the highest frequency. Among the indicators studied, the number of participants and the level of collaboration as well as its sustainability were the most frequent indicators. Conclusion: The findings identified the most important and widely used criteria, models, and indicators of intersectoral collaboration in health promotion which can be useful for de...
Background & Aim: Nowadays, we have some data in different sciences which number of zeros is more... more Background & Aim: Nowadays, we have some data in different sciences which number of zeros is more than expected, such data are called zero-inflated which can be modeled by regressions for count data. Many researches have been conducted in the field of classical method on count data. Most of Bayesian analysis which is conducted for these data used zero-inflated Poisson regression. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is comparison of Bayesian and classic approaches in regression of zero-inflated negative binomial (NB) on data for determining the size estimation of people who have used alcohol more than once in last year. Methods & Materials: This research had been in two provinces of Fars and Kerman in 2011, a sample size of each province was formed proportional to people of that province, and totally the calculated sample size was 700. Zero-inflated NB regression was fitted to the data in two Bayesian and classical methods, and then two methods have been compared. Results of...
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Volume 8 - Issue 4 by Ahmad Hajebi
Papers by Ahmad Hajebi