SummaryThe determinants of modern contraceptive use in traditional populations are analysed in ma... more SummaryThe determinants of modern contraceptive use in traditional populations are analysed in married women aged 30–44 living in the province of Marrakech (Morocco). Women who have never used contraception have smaller family sizes than those who do: the number of live children (or live births) is the variable with maximum predictive power on contraceptive use, while child mortality is the main inhibiting factor. The probability of contraceptive use increases with female age at marriage and decreases with the woman's age, indicating a generational change in reproductive behaviour. The socioeconomic variables education, employment and residence, have no significant independent predictive character on contraceptive use, although the interaction between education and residence does. The paper evaluates the hypothesis that traditional populations in the initial phase of their demographic transition resort to modern…
ABSTRACT This paper analyses the relationship between polygyny and female fertility in the provin... more ABSTRACT This paper analyses the relationship between polygyny and female fertility in the province of Marrakech (Morocco) taking into account the effect of the previous marital instability (number of marriages) and the possible association between female sterility and type of marriage. In the analysed population, polygyny increases in the small towns. Polygynously married women have a higher level of education and show a higher percentage of use of contraceptive methods than the monogamously married ones. Although polygynously married women initially show lower fertility, multivariate analysis carried out on the group of women between 35 and 49 years old show that there are no significant differences in fertility between monogamously and polygynously married women when the effect of the previous marital instability is considerer. Female sterility does not determine marital instability, although it does determine a significant increase in polygynous marriages among the women without children.
Morocco’s fertility pattern evolved in the 20th century from a traditional model close to ‘natura... more Morocco’s fertility pattern evolved in the 20th century from a traditional model close to ‘natural fertility’ to a modern pattern incorporating contraception. The very high fertility rate of nearly 7 offspring per woman observed in the 1960s was still at a level of 5.5 offspring per woman in the early 1980s. The total fertility rate subsequently declined to 2.5 by 2003. This decline was apparently, principally, the result of two factors in the urban context: the relative increase in women’s age at marriage and the use of contraception to regulate and to close reproduction. This research studied a group of Berber agriculturists in the region of Marrakech to better understand the extension and modalities of fertility changes in a rural environment. Though delayed, the changes observed in rural Berbers paralleled the general trends seen at the national level. As in the urban environment, the changes affecting reproductive patterns resulted from an increase in the age at marriage of women and the introduction of contraception. However, these changes were apparently minor adaptations to the traditional pattern, in that the progressive increase in mean age at marriage was obtained by the decrease in the frequency of pre-nubile unions (
Analyse de l’atlas de Greulich et Pyle (GP) appliqué à 3 populations contemporaines (France, Maro... more Analyse de l’atlas de Greulich et Pyle (GP) appliqué à 3 populations contemporaines (France, Maroc, Québec).Estimation de l’âge osseux (AO) par l’atlas de GP de 3 échantillons contemporains composés de 1372 enfants français (780 garçons et 592 filles âgés de 0,4 à 19,7 ans, moy 9,7 ans); de 645 enfants marocains (296 garçons et 349 filles âgés de 6,6 à 21 ans, moy 14 ans) et de 263 enfants québécois (170 garçons et 93 filles âgés de 0 à 19 ans, moy 10,6 ans). Tous les enfants avaient un Age Civil (AC) connu.Bonne estimation de l’AO à l’échelle populationnelle pour l’échantillon français (moyenne AO-AC = 0,02 ans) et l’échantillon québécois (moyenne AO-AC = 0,17 ans). Retard de maturation de l’échantillon marocain prédominant chez les garçons (moyenne AO-AC = -0,6 ans). Meilleure corrélation entre l’AO et l’AC dans les populations française et québécoise (r > 0,93) que dans l’échantillon marocain (r = 0,77). Grande variabilité individuelle surtout dans l’échantillon marocain (écart-type allant de 1 à 1,3 an).Notre étude confirme les données récentes de la littérature concernant l’influence prédominante du niveau socio-économique sur l’estimation de l’AO et souligne la validité de l’atlas de GP appliquée à une population contemporaine surtout de niveau socio-économique élevé.
The human platelet alloantigen systems HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 and -6 in a Moroccan Berber populati... more The human platelet alloantigen systems HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 and -6 in a Moroccan Berber population from the Amizmiz region were determined by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The gene frequencies obtained from these unrelated Berbers were 0 x 747 and 0 x 252 for HPA-1a and -1b; 0 x 817 and 0 x 182 for HPA-2a and -2b; 0 x 682 and 0 x 317 for HPA-3a and -3b; 1 and 0 x 0 for HPA-4a and -4b; 0 x 8616 and 0 x 1383 for HPA-5a and -5b; 1 and 0 x 0 for HPA-6a and -6b. The Berbers have the highest frequency for the 1b, 2b and 5b alleles of all the populations reported to date and also the lowest frequency for the 3b allele.
SummaryThe determinants of modern contraceptive use in traditional populations are analysed in ma... more SummaryThe determinants of modern contraceptive use in traditional populations are analysed in married women aged 30–44 living in the province of Marrakech (Morocco). Women who have never used contraception have smaller family sizes than those who do: the number of live children (or live births) is the variable with maximum predictive power on contraceptive use, while child mortality is the main inhibiting factor. The probability of contraceptive use increases with female age at marriage and decreases with the woman's age, indicating a generational change in reproductive behaviour. The socioeconomic variables education, employment and residence, have no significant independent predictive character on contraceptive use, although the interaction between education and residence does. The paper evaluates the hypothesis that traditional populations in the initial phase of their demographic transition resort to modern…
ABSTRACT This paper analyses the relationship between polygyny and female fertility in the provin... more ABSTRACT This paper analyses the relationship between polygyny and female fertility in the province of Marrakech (Morocco) taking into account the effect of the previous marital instability (number of marriages) and the possible association between female sterility and type of marriage. In the analysed population, polygyny increases in the small towns. Polygynously married women have a higher level of education and show a higher percentage of use of contraceptive methods than the monogamously married ones. Although polygynously married women initially show lower fertility, multivariate analysis carried out on the group of women between 35 and 49 years old show that there are no significant differences in fertility between monogamously and polygynously married women when the effect of the previous marital instability is considerer. Female sterility does not determine marital instability, although it does determine a significant increase in polygynous marriages among the women without children.
Morocco’s fertility pattern evolved in the 20th century from a traditional model close to ‘natura... more Morocco’s fertility pattern evolved in the 20th century from a traditional model close to ‘natural fertility’ to a modern pattern incorporating contraception. The very high fertility rate of nearly 7 offspring per woman observed in the 1960s was still at a level of 5.5 offspring per woman in the early 1980s. The total fertility rate subsequently declined to 2.5 by 2003. This decline was apparently, principally, the result of two factors in the urban context: the relative increase in women’s age at marriage and the use of contraception to regulate and to close reproduction. This research studied a group of Berber agriculturists in the region of Marrakech to better understand the extension and modalities of fertility changes in a rural environment. Though delayed, the changes observed in rural Berbers paralleled the general trends seen at the national level. As in the urban environment, the changes affecting reproductive patterns resulted from an increase in the age at marriage of women and the introduction of contraception. However, these changes were apparently minor adaptations to the traditional pattern, in that the progressive increase in mean age at marriage was obtained by the decrease in the frequency of pre-nubile unions (
Analyse de l’atlas de Greulich et Pyle (GP) appliqué à 3 populations contemporaines (France, Maro... more Analyse de l’atlas de Greulich et Pyle (GP) appliqué à 3 populations contemporaines (France, Maroc, Québec).Estimation de l’âge osseux (AO) par l’atlas de GP de 3 échantillons contemporains composés de 1372 enfants français (780 garçons et 592 filles âgés de 0,4 à 19,7 ans, moy 9,7 ans); de 645 enfants marocains (296 garçons et 349 filles âgés de 6,6 à 21 ans, moy 14 ans) et de 263 enfants québécois (170 garçons et 93 filles âgés de 0 à 19 ans, moy 10,6 ans). Tous les enfants avaient un Age Civil (AC) connu.Bonne estimation de l’AO à l’échelle populationnelle pour l’échantillon français (moyenne AO-AC = 0,02 ans) et l’échantillon québécois (moyenne AO-AC = 0,17 ans). Retard de maturation de l’échantillon marocain prédominant chez les garçons (moyenne AO-AC = -0,6 ans). Meilleure corrélation entre l’AO et l’AC dans les populations française et québécoise (r > 0,93) que dans l’échantillon marocain (r = 0,77). Grande variabilité individuelle surtout dans l’échantillon marocain (écart-type allant de 1 à 1,3 an).Notre étude confirme les données récentes de la littérature concernant l’influence prédominante du niveau socio-économique sur l’estimation de l’AO et souligne la validité de l’atlas de GP appliquée à une population contemporaine surtout de niveau socio-économique élevé.
The human platelet alloantigen systems HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 and -6 in a Moroccan Berber populati... more The human platelet alloantigen systems HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 and -6 in a Moroccan Berber population from the Amizmiz region were determined by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The gene frequencies obtained from these unrelated Berbers were 0 x 747 and 0 x 252 for HPA-1a and -1b; 0 x 817 and 0 x 182 for HPA-2a and -2b; 0 x 682 and 0 x 317 for HPA-3a and -3b; 1 and 0 x 0 for HPA-4a and -4b; 0 x 8616 and 0 x 1383 for HPA-5a and -5b; 1 and 0 x 0 for HPA-6a and -6b. The Berbers have the highest frequency for the 1b, 2b and 5b alleles of all the populations reported to date and also the lowest frequency for the 3b allele.
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Papers by A. Baali