The current emphasis by the government of Nigeria on boosting . agricultural productivity require... more The current emphasis by the government of Nigeria on boosting . agricultural productivity requires actors of the agricultural sector to develop sustainable agro-allied technologies that could enhance the quality of crop-livestock products. Aflatoxin is reported to be a major challenge of many legume and cereal value chains with potentially negative impacts on product marketing, and the health of people and livestock. This study presents preliminary results of pre-emptive measures being undertaken by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and national partners on the management of Aflatoxin contamination in the Groundnut Value Chain in selected States of Northern Nigeria. A combination of complementary approaches is being used to pre-empt aflatoxin contamination in the groundnut value chain. These include, the organization of Training of Trainers (ToT) workshops, development of aptitudes in the detection of aflatoxin levels, demonstration of on...
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important food legume grown in tropical and subtropic... more Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important food legume grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the importance of cowpea, yield on farmers' field is still low due to variety of biotic and abiotic stresses that constrain its production. Among the biotic constraints, the parasitic flowering plant, Alectra voge/ii (Benth.) is one of the more formidable limitations to cowpea production in the dry Savannas of West and Central Africa, a region which accounts for over 64 % of world cowpea production. Several control measures have been suggested for the control of the parasite. These include: cultural practices, application of ethylene chemicals, and host plant resistance. Among these control measures, the use of resistance cultivars appears to be the most attractive option to the resource poor farmers in sub-Saharan Africa Breeding resistance cultivars would be facilitated by markerassisted selection (MAS). The objectiv...
To ensure sustainable increase in agricultural productivities of small holder farmers in West Afr... more To ensure sustainable increase in agricultural productivities of small holder farmers in West Africa, Agricultural Scientists have developed varieties of component crops. Nutrient management options combining inorganic and organic fertilizer in different dosages have been developed. The research institutes are collaborating with extension outfits, development partners and key stakeholders to disseminate these technologies to farmers and provide market and financial linkages. On farm grain and fodder yields advantage of 20 to 50 % were recorded by participating farmers. P fertilizer application on legumes increased yield 26 to 62 %. Increase in plant hill population from 8,889 hills/ha led to corresponding increase in millet yield by 48 %. Cultivation of improved varieties coupled with fertilizer application and appropriate plant hill population will increase productivities of smallholder farmers in the semi arid West Africa.
Background: Stem rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the major constrai... more Background: Stem rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the major constraint to groundnut production in many countries and yield losses upto 10-25% were recorded. Screening of groundnut genotypes for resistance to stem rot under field conditions is complicated by the non-uniform spatial distribution of the pathogen.Methods: A total of 165 segregants derived from TAG 24 and R 9227 were evaluated for resistance to stem and pod rot during rainy and summer seasons by using sick plot technique. The field is artificially inoculated at 30 days interval.Result: Among different parameters, maximum phenotypic variability and heritability were observed for disease at 30, 60, 90 days after sowing. The strong negative associations were observed for disease incidence and plant population and positive association were observed for test weight and pod weight per plant. The higher number of superior segregants was observed for pod weight per plant followed by oil content and t...
The West and Central Africa region accounts for more than 70% of the groundnut production in Afri... more The West and Central Africa region accounts for more than 70% of the groundnut production in Africa. The crop is challenged by various biotic and abiotic production constraints with drought being the main abiotic constraint. ICRISAT has been working with national breeding programs to develop improved groundnut varieties. The approach used included identifying sources of resistance, developing populations, evaluating in target environments and releasing improved farmer preferred varieties for production. The Tropical Legumes project initiated in 2007 has been instrumental in strengthening the breeding program in the region. Nine drought resistant/tolerant accessions were identified from evaluation of the mini core collections, and these accessions have been utilized as parents in crossing programs. Since 2007, ICRISAT distributed more than 1000 advanced breeding lines to national programs. Farmer participatory variety selection was found very useful for fast track release and adoptio...
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) under calcareous and alkaline soils is a significant abiotic stre... more Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) under calcareous and alkaline soils is a significant abiotic stress affecting the growth and yield of peanut. In this study, the genomic regions governing IDC tolerance were mapped using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from TMV 2 (susceptible to IDC) and TMV 2-NLM (tolerant to IDC), which was phenotyped during the rainy seasons of 2019 and 2020 in the iron-deficient calcareous plots. The best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values for IDC tolerance traits like visual chlorotic rating (VCR), and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) were used for QTL analysis along with a genetic map carrying 700 GBS-derived SNP, AhTE and SSR markers. In total, 11 and 12 main-effect QTLs were identified for VCR and SCMR, respectively. Among them three QTLs were major with the phenotypic variance explained (PVE) of 10.3-34.4% for VCR, and two QTL were major for SCMR with PVE of 11.5-11.7%. A region (159.3-178.3 cM) on chromosome Ah13 carrying two QT...
Groundnut is a premier oilseed crop of worldgrown in tropical and subtropical climatic conditions... more Groundnut is a premier oilseed crop of worldgrown in tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. Among all the diseases affecting the groundnut, aflatoxin contamination is most concern as it affects the quality of the produce and thereby limiting the trade in International market. The efficacy biocontrol agents and natural products and reaction of different cultivars, germplasm and advanced breeding lines were tested in vitro. Among the biocontrol agents T.harzianum (IOF) was found best. Among the nine natural products the nimbicidin showed maximum inhibition of A.jlavus at all the concentrations (1, 5 and 10 per cent). Among the 10 cultivars, 34 germplasm and 25 advanced breeding lines,six weremoderately resistant, twenty one were susceptible and fourty seven were highly susceptible in spore spray method while in pin prick method only one (ICGV02266) showed the moderate resistance while remaining found highly susceptible. ICGV 02266 showed both seed coat and cotyledon resistance....
The present investigation entitled "Genetic variability and association studies for yield and its... more The present investigation entitled "Genetic variability and association studies for yield and its attributes in wheat" was carried out to assess genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for grain yield and its attributes having 26 genotypes of bread wheat at Agricultural research field, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University during rabi 2020-21 in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variation among genotypes. On the basis of mean performance, thirteen genotypes viz.,
A study was conducted at Teaching and Research farm of Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, to determ... more A study was conducted at Teaching and Research farm of Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, to determine the combining ability of 48 single cross hybrids of groundnut which were generated using a 6 × 8 line by tester mating design. The crosses were laid out in an 8 × 6 randomized Incomplete Block Design. Data were collected on phenological and agronomic traits. The results revealed significant variability for line, tester, and line × tester effects for some of the studied traits. Non-additive gene action was more than additive gene action in the inheritance of majority of studied traits. IGG-X 4 had the best GCA for pod weight among the set of genotype studied. The cross, ICGV-SM 07539 x ICG 3584 had highest SCA value for pod dry weight, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod and number of matured pods. Therefore, these traits could be improved by selection of crosses with high SCA effects. Furthermore, parents with good per se performance and significant GCA effects for some ...
Late leaf spot and rust diseases occur together and cause considerable yield loss in groundnut. C... more Late leaf spot and rust diseases occur together and cause considerable yield loss in groundnut. Cultivation of resistant varieties is the best strategy to stabilize productivity under disease epidemics. Several varieties resistant or moderately resistant to LLS and rust have been developed in groundnut, but most of them differ in yield loss even at the same level of disease due to complex interrelationships between disease and yield loss. Crop loss models have been employed to gain insight into these relations and to plan sound breeding strategies. In the present study, different empirical models were tested for their explanatory value for yield loss among 10 groundnut genotypes with varying level of resistance to late !eafspot and/or rust. Towards yield loss modeling, disease severity at different growth stages and physiological traits viz., leaf area index (LAI), harvest index (HI), healthy leaf area duration (HAD), crop and pod growth rates(CGR and PGR) and partitioning coefficie...
Understanding the mechanisms of groundnut tolerance to pre and post flowering drought stress is i... more Understanding the mechanisms of groundnut tolerance to pre and post flowering drought stress is important for improving its yield and phenological development in the drylands. The mechanisms of drought tolerance are known to be under variable genetic control. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of drought tolerance of various groundnut genotypes to pre and post flowering drought stress. Screen house trials were undertaken between March and June 2014. Three moisture management treatments were imposed on 10 groundnut cultivars. Three cultivars (Ex-Oakar, Samnut 23 and Samnut 24) are known to have some drought tolerance characteristics; two cultivars (Samnut 21 and Samnut 22) do not tolerate drought, while the drought response ofthe remaining five cultivars (Samnut 25, Samnut 26, Sabiya, Kwankwaso and Yar Oigir) is not known. The water managements were: Field Capacity throughout the period of experimentation (FCT), Imposition of PreFlowering Moisture Stress (PrFS) an...
The current emphasis by the government of Nigeria on boosting . agricultural productivity require... more The current emphasis by the government of Nigeria on boosting . agricultural productivity requires actors of the agricultural sector to develop sustainable agro-allied technologies that could enhance the quality of crop-livestock products. Aflatoxin is reported to be a major challenge of many legume and cereal value chains with potentially negative impacts on product marketing, and the health of people and livestock. This study presents preliminary results of pre-emptive measures being undertaken by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and national partners on the management of Aflatoxin contamination in the Groundnut Value Chain in selected States of Northern Nigeria. A combination of complementary approaches is being used to pre-empt aflatoxin contamination in the groundnut value chain. These include, the organization of Training of Trainers (ToT) workshops, development of aptitudes in the detection of aflatoxin levels, demonstration of on...
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important food legume grown in tropical and subtropic... more Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important food legume grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the importance of cowpea, yield on farmers' field is still low due to variety of biotic and abiotic stresses that constrain its production. Among the biotic constraints, the parasitic flowering plant, Alectra voge/ii (Benth.) is one of the more formidable limitations to cowpea production in the dry Savannas of West and Central Africa, a region which accounts for over 64 % of world cowpea production. Several control measures have been suggested for the control of the parasite. These include: cultural practices, application of ethylene chemicals, and host plant resistance. Among these control measures, the use of resistance cultivars appears to be the most attractive option to the resource poor farmers in sub-Saharan Africa Breeding resistance cultivars would be facilitated by markerassisted selection (MAS). The objectiv...
To ensure sustainable increase in agricultural productivities of small holder farmers in West Afr... more To ensure sustainable increase in agricultural productivities of small holder farmers in West Africa, Agricultural Scientists have developed varieties of component crops. Nutrient management options combining inorganic and organic fertilizer in different dosages have been developed. The research institutes are collaborating with extension outfits, development partners and key stakeholders to disseminate these technologies to farmers and provide market and financial linkages. On farm grain and fodder yields advantage of 20 to 50 % were recorded by participating farmers. P fertilizer application on legumes increased yield 26 to 62 %. Increase in plant hill population from 8,889 hills/ha led to corresponding increase in millet yield by 48 %. Cultivation of improved varieties coupled with fertilizer application and appropriate plant hill population will increase productivities of smallholder farmers in the semi arid West Africa.
Background: Stem rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the major constrai... more Background: Stem rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the major constraint to groundnut production in many countries and yield losses upto 10-25% were recorded. Screening of groundnut genotypes for resistance to stem rot under field conditions is complicated by the non-uniform spatial distribution of the pathogen.Methods: A total of 165 segregants derived from TAG 24 and R 9227 were evaluated for resistance to stem and pod rot during rainy and summer seasons by using sick plot technique. The field is artificially inoculated at 30 days interval.Result: Among different parameters, maximum phenotypic variability and heritability were observed for disease at 30, 60, 90 days after sowing. The strong negative associations were observed for disease incidence and plant population and positive association were observed for test weight and pod weight per plant. The higher number of superior segregants was observed for pod weight per plant followed by oil content and t...
The West and Central Africa region accounts for more than 70% of the groundnut production in Afri... more The West and Central Africa region accounts for more than 70% of the groundnut production in Africa. The crop is challenged by various biotic and abiotic production constraints with drought being the main abiotic constraint. ICRISAT has been working with national breeding programs to develop improved groundnut varieties. The approach used included identifying sources of resistance, developing populations, evaluating in target environments and releasing improved farmer preferred varieties for production. The Tropical Legumes project initiated in 2007 has been instrumental in strengthening the breeding program in the region. Nine drought resistant/tolerant accessions were identified from evaluation of the mini core collections, and these accessions have been utilized as parents in crossing programs. Since 2007, ICRISAT distributed more than 1000 advanced breeding lines to national programs. Farmer participatory variety selection was found very useful for fast track release and adoptio...
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) under calcareous and alkaline soils is a significant abiotic stre... more Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) under calcareous and alkaline soils is a significant abiotic stress affecting the growth and yield of peanut. In this study, the genomic regions governing IDC tolerance were mapped using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from TMV 2 (susceptible to IDC) and TMV 2-NLM (tolerant to IDC), which was phenotyped during the rainy seasons of 2019 and 2020 in the iron-deficient calcareous plots. The best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values for IDC tolerance traits like visual chlorotic rating (VCR), and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) were used for QTL analysis along with a genetic map carrying 700 GBS-derived SNP, AhTE and SSR markers. In total, 11 and 12 main-effect QTLs were identified for VCR and SCMR, respectively. Among them three QTLs were major with the phenotypic variance explained (PVE) of 10.3-34.4% for VCR, and two QTL were major for SCMR with PVE of 11.5-11.7%. A region (159.3-178.3 cM) on chromosome Ah13 carrying two QT...
Groundnut is a premier oilseed crop of worldgrown in tropical and subtropical climatic conditions... more Groundnut is a premier oilseed crop of worldgrown in tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. Among all the diseases affecting the groundnut, aflatoxin contamination is most concern as it affects the quality of the produce and thereby limiting the trade in International market. The efficacy biocontrol agents and natural products and reaction of different cultivars, germplasm and advanced breeding lines were tested in vitro. Among the biocontrol agents T.harzianum (IOF) was found best. Among the nine natural products the nimbicidin showed maximum inhibition of A.jlavus at all the concentrations (1, 5 and 10 per cent). Among the 10 cultivars, 34 germplasm and 25 advanced breeding lines,six weremoderately resistant, twenty one were susceptible and fourty seven were highly susceptible in spore spray method while in pin prick method only one (ICGV02266) showed the moderate resistance while remaining found highly susceptible. ICGV 02266 showed both seed coat and cotyledon resistance....
The present investigation entitled "Genetic variability and association studies for yield and its... more The present investigation entitled "Genetic variability and association studies for yield and its attributes in wheat" was carried out to assess genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for grain yield and its attributes having 26 genotypes of bread wheat at Agricultural research field, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University during rabi 2020-21 in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variation among genotypes. On the basis of mean performance, thirteen genotypes viz.,
A study was conducted at Teaching and Research farm of Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, to determ... more A study was conducted at Teaching and Research farm of Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, to determine the combining ability of 48 single cross hybrids of groundnut which were generated using a 6 × 8 line by tester mating design. The crosses were laid out in an 8 × 6 randomized Incomplete Block Design. Data were collected on phenological and agronomic traits. The results revealed significant variability for line, tester, and line × tester effects for some of the studied traits. Non-additive gene action was more than additive gene action in the inheritance of majority of studied traits. IGG-X 4 had the best GCA for pod weight among the set of genotype studied. The cross, ICGV-SM 07539 x ICG 3584 had highest SCA value for pod dry weight, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod and number of matured pods. Therefore, these traits could be improved by selection of crosses with high SCA effects. Furthermore, parents with good per se performance and significant GCA effects for some ...
Late leaf spot and rust diseases occur together and cause considerable yield loss in groundnut. C... more Late leaf spot and rust diseases occur together and cause considerable yield loss in groundnut. Cultivation of resistant varieties is the best strategy to stabilize productivity under disease epidemics. Several varieties resistant or moderately resistant to LLS and rust have been developed in groundnut, but most of them differ in yield loss even at the same level of disease due to complex interrelationships between disease and yield loss. Crop loss models have been employed to gain insight into these relations and to plan sound breeding strategies. In the present study, different empirical models were tested for their explanatory value for yield loss among 10 groundnut genotypes with varying level of resistance to late !eafspot and/or rust. Towards yield loss modeling, disease severity at different growth stages and physiological traits viz., leaf area index (LAI), harvest index (HI), healthy leaf area duration (HAD), crop and pod growth rates(CGR and PGR) and partitioning coefficie...
Understanding the mechanisms of groundnut tolerance to pre and post flowering drought stress is i... more Understanding the mechanisms of groundnut tolerance to pre and post flowering drought stress is important for improving its yield and phenological development in the drylands. The mechanisms of drought tolerance are known to be under variable genetic control. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of drought tolerance of various groundnut genotypes to pre and post flowering drought stress. Screen house trials were undertaken between March and June 2014. Three moisture management treatments were imposed on 10 groundnut cultivars. Three cultivars (Ex-Oakar, Samnut 23 and Samnut 24) are known to have some drought tolerance characteristics; two cultivars (Samnut 21 and Samnut 22) do not tolerate drought, while the drought response ofthe remaining five cultivars (Samnut 25, Samnut 26, Sabiya, Kwankwaso and Yar Oigir) is not known. The water managements were: Field Capacity throughout the period of experimentation (FCT), Imposition of PreFlowering Moisture Stress (PrFS) an...
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