... role of the convener, (c) implications of the collaboration for environmental complexity and ... more ... role of the convener, (c) implications of the collaboration for environmental complexity and participants ... Furthermore, they collectively provide insight into how a comprehensive theory of collaboration Donna J ... Barbara Gray is a professor in the Department of Management in the ...
While researchers have demonstrated that frames have profound effects on conflict and negotiation... more While researchers have demonstrated that frames have profound effects on conflict and negotiation processes and outcomes, the extant research on framing reflects a wide variety of approaches, resulting in conceptual confusion among researchers and practitioners. In this paper we disentangle these approaches by distinguishing them on two dimensions: (1) whether they adopt a cognitive or an interactional view on framing; and (2) whether they focus either on the framing of knowledge, relationships or interaction. We show how approaches differ in their theoretical assumptions and illustrate the different ways in which they deal with data. We conclude that a multi-perspective view rather than an integration view is preferred for valuing the respective contributions of these different approaches. Potential connections between the approaches are explored by focusing on the dynamic and social nature of cognitions and on the way frames in interaction assemble cognitive building blocks.
This article presents a model of the context of interorganizational collaboration. The model is m... more This article presents a model of the context of interorganizational collaboration. The model is made up of driving and restraining forces from both the competitive and institutional sectors of the organizational field surrounding the collaborative effort. A case study of an alliance among garment manufacturers, state agencies, and educational institutions shows that different elements of the organizational field become more
... theoretical perspectives are applied to explain collaboration and collaborative alliances: re... more ... theoretical perspectives are applied to explain collaboration and collaborative alliances: resource dependence theory; corporate social performance/institutional economics theory; strategic management/social ecology the-ory; microeconomics theory; institutional/negotiated ...
... Following the first-order analysis, we provide a second-order analysis that identifies specif... more ... Following the first-order analysis, we provide a second-order analysis that identifies specific man-agerial influence modes used during the ... as "the letter"in response to the bank's weak financial condition, which was at-tributed mainly to a series of poor investment decisions. ...
The computer with the electronic health record (EHR) is an additional &am... more The computer with the electronic health record (EHR) is an additional 'interactant' in the medical consultation, as clinicians must simultaneously or in alternation engage patient and computer to provide medical care. Few studies have examined how clinicians' EHR workflow (e.g., gaze, keyboard activity, and silence) influences the quality of their communication, the patient's involvement in the encounter, and conversational control of the visit. Twenty-three primary care providers (PCPs) from USA Veterans Administration (VA) primary care clinics participated in the study. Up to 6 patients per PCP were recruited. The proportion of time PCPs spent gazing at the computer was captured in real time via video-recording. Mouse click/scrolling activity was captured through Morae, a usability software that logs mouse clicks and scrolling activity. Conversational silence was coded as the proportion of time in the visit when PCP and patient were not talking. After the visit, patients completed patient satisfaction measures. Trained coders independently viewed videos of the interactions and rated the degree to which PCPs were patient-centered (informative, supportive, partnering) and patients were involved in the consultation. Conversational control was measured as the proportion of time the PCP held the floor compared to the patient. The final sample included 125 consultations. PCPs who spent more time in the consultation gazing at the computer and whose visits had more conversational silence were rated lower in patient-centeredness. PCPs controlled more of the talk time in the visits that also had longer periods of mutual silence. PCPs were rated as having less effective communication when they spent more time looking at the computer and when there was more periods of silence in the consultation. Because PCPs increasingly are using the EHR in their consultations, more research is needed to determine effective ways that they can verbally engage patients while simultaneously managing data in the EHR. EHR activity consumes an increasing proportion of clinicians' time during consultations. To ensure effective communication with their patients, clinicians may benefit from using communication strategies that maintain the flow of conversation when working with the computer, as well as from learning EHR management skills that prevent extended periods of gaze at computer and long periods of silence. Next-generation EHR design must address better usability and clinical workflow integration, including facilitating patient-clinician communication.
... 124 ORGANIZATION SCIENCE/Vol. 14, No. 2, March-April 2003 Page 3. KELLY A. MOLLICA, BARBARA G... more ... 124 ORGANIZATION SCIENCE/Vol. 14, No. 2, March-April 2003 Page 3. KELLY A. MOLLICA, BARBARA GRAY, AND LINDA K. TREVINO Racial Homophily and Its Persistence as race, ethnicity, religion, age, or gender (Tajfel and Turner 1986). ...
The Asian American community has grown significantly in the United States during recent decades. ... more The Asian American community has grown significantly in the United States during recent decades. The culture of their countries of origin as well as the society in which they currently live plays a pivotal role in their reaction to mental health and illness. Mental health issues are increasingly evident in Asian American communities. The need for the delivery of culturally competent health care and mental health services is paramount. A culturally competent framework that includes the use of a cultural competence model for practice can guide the health care provider in the recognition of problems, particularly in the children of Asian American families.
Scripts, a type of cognitive structure that retains knowledge of events for a particular context,... more Scripts, a type of cognitive structure that retains knowledge of events for a particular context, have been used to research recall and recognition tasks but have been largely neglected in the study of organizational settings. In this study the major focus is on the development of common scripts by organizational members for a frequently occurring organizational activity. This study demonstrates
... role of the convener, (c) implications of the collaboration for environmental complexity and ... more ... role of the convener, (c) implications of the collaboration for environmental complexity and participants ... Furthermore, they collectively provide insight into how a comprehensive theory of collaboration Donna J ... Barbara Gray is a professor in the Department of Management in the ...
While researchers have demonstrated that frames have profound effects on conflict and negotiation... more While researchers have demonstrated that frames have profound effects on conflict and negotiation processes and outcomes, the extant research on framing reflects a wide variety of approaches, resulting in conceptual confusion among researchers and practitioners. In this paper we disentangle these approaches by distinguishing them on two dimensions: (1) whether they adopt a cognitive or an interactional view on framing; and (2) whether they focus either on the framing of knowledge, relationships or interaction. We show how approaches differ in their theoretical assumptions and illustrate the different ways in which they deal with data. We conclude that a multi-perspective view rather than an integration view is preferred for valuing the respective contributions of these different approaches. Potential connections between the approaches are explored by focusing on the dynamic and social nature of cognitions and on the way frames in interaction assemble cognitive building blocks.
This article presents a model of the context of interorganizational collaboration. The model is m... more This article presents a model of the context of interorganizational collaboration. The model is made up of driving and restraining forces from both the competitive and institutional sectors of the organizational field surrounding the collaborative effort. A case study of an alliance among garment manufacturers, state agencies, and educational institutions shows that different elements of the organizational field become more
... theoretical perspectives are applied to explain collaboration and collaborative alliances: re... more ... theoretical perspectives are applied to explain collaboration and collaborative alliances: resource dependence theory; corporate social performance/institutional economics theory; strategic management/social ecology the-ory; microeconomics theory; institutional/negotiated ...
... Following the first-order analysis, we provide a second-order analysis that identifies specif... more ... Following the first-order analysis, we provide a second-order analysis that identifies specific man-agerial influence modes used during the ... as "the letter"in response to the bank's weak financial condition, which was at-tributed mainly to a series of poor investment decisions. ...
The computer with the electronic health record (EHR) is an additional &am... more The computer with the electronic health record (EHR) is an additional 'interactant' in the medical consultation, as clinicians must simultaneously or in alternation engage patient and computer to provide medical care. Few studies have examined how clinicians' EHR workflow (e.g., gaze, keyboard activity, and silence) influences the quality of their communication, the patient's involvement in the encounter, and conversational control of the visit. Twenty-three primary care providers (PCPs) from USA Veterans Administration (VA) primary care clinics participated in the study. Up to 6 patients per PCP were recruited. The proportion of time PCPs spent gazing at the computer was captured in real time via video-recording. Mouse click/scrolling activity was captured through Morae, a usability software that logs mouse clicks and scrolling activity. Conversational silence was coded as the proportion of time in the visit when PCP and patient were not talking. After the visit, patients completed patient satisfaction measures. Trained coders independently viewed videos of the interactions and rated the degree to which PCPs were patient-centered (informative, supportive, partnering) and patients were involved in the consultation. Conversational control was measured as the proportion of time the PCP held the floor compared to the patient. The final sample included 125 consultations. PCPs who spent more time in the consultation gazing at the computer and whose visits had more conversational silence were rated lower in patient-centeredness. PCPs controlled more of the talk time in the visits that also had longer periods of mutual silence. PCPs were rated as having less effective communication when they spent more time looking at the computer and when there was more periods of silence in the consultation. Because PCPs increasingly are using the EHR in their consultations, more research is needed to determine effective ways that they can verbally engage patients while simultaneously managing data in the EHR. EHR activity consumes an increasing proportion of clinicians' time during consultations. To ensure effective communication with their patients, clinicians may benefit from using communication strategies that maintain the flow of conversation when working with the computer, as well as from learning EHR management skills that prevent extended periods of gaze at computer and long periods of silence. Next-generation EHR design must address better usability and clinical workflow integration, including facilitating patient-clinician communication.
... 124 ORGANIZATION SCIENCE/Vol. 14, No. 2, March-April 2003 Page 3. KELLY A. MOLLICA, BARBARA G... more ... 124 ORGANIZATION SCIENCE/Vol. 14, No. 2, March-April 2003 Page 3. KELLY A. MOLLICA, BARBARA GRAY, AND LINDA K. TREVINO Racial Homophily and Its Persistence as race, ethnicity, religion, age, or gender (Tajfel and Turner 1986). ...
The Asian American community has grown significantly in the United States during recent decades. ... more The Asian American community has grown significantly in the United States during recent decades. The culture of their countries of origin as well as the society in which they currently live plays a pivotal role in their reaction to mental health and illness. Mental health issues are increasingly evident in Asian American communities. The need for the delivery of culturally competent health care and mental health services is paramount. A culturally competent framework that includes the use of a cultural competence model for practice can guide the health care provider in the recognition of problems, particularly in the children of Asian American families.
Scripts, a type of cognitive structure that retains knowledge of events for a particular context,... more Scripts, a type of cognitive structure that retains knowledge of events for a particular context, have been used to research recall and recognition tasks but have been largely neglected in the study of organizational settings. In this study the major focus is on the development of common scripts by organizational members for a frequently occurring organizational activity. This study demonstrates
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