Procedures applicable to concentrating solar collectors to determine how they modify spectrally and spatially the sun direct radiation are described in this paper. We use a radiometric apparatus provided with two cavities for light... more
Procedures applicable to concentrating solar collectors to determine how they modify spectrally and spatially the sun direct radiation are described in this paper. We use a radiometric apparatus provided with two cavities for light integration and attenuation (DCR) and coupled with an external spectrometer for spectral measurements. To measure spatial light distribution we use a CCD camera with its data acquisition system, a set of neutral filters, a receiver and the collector itself which has to be characterized. Finally, a heat flux sensor based on an inverse heat transfer method (IHTM) is being developed for the estimation of concentrated radiative heat flux by means of temperature measurements. The overall apparatus should be able to characterize a concentrated sunlight flux up to a concentration factor of 1000 X.
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The new regard of our contemporary culture for energy conservation is influencing the field of Architecture. Photovoltaics is now seen as a smart technology useful to transform buildings into "cool" contemporary energy... more
The new regard of our contemporary culture for energy conservation is influencing the field of Architecture. Photovoltaics is now seen as a smart technology useful to transform buildings into "cool" contemporary energy generators. This new symbolic status of Photovoltaics is creating new architectural and market demands. This makes it more important to bridge the distance between Architecture and Photovoltaics by a better understanding. The paper represents a contribute to this need. The approach is historical and evolutionary. First a concise account of the past and present relationships between Architecture and Photovoltaics is given. Subsequently, a more detailed account of these relationships is given. The common thread is the effort to identify and clarify the architectural design demands for Photovoltaics. For the likely future evolution architectural images had been translated into technical descriptions, which can serve as starting points for new research in produc...
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ABSTRACT
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E’ illustrato un flussimetro per misure di alte densità di flusso nei concentratori solari fotovoltaici di tipo point-focus, costituito da due sfere integratrici accoppiate, realizzate a partire da un prisma in alluminio. L’apertura... more
E’ illustrato un flussimetro per misure di alte densità di flusso nei concentratori solari fotovoltaici di tipo point-focus, costituito da due sfere integratrici accoppiate, realizzate a partire da un prisma in alluminio. L’apertura intermedia tra le due sfere, di area variabile, permette di regolare il fattore di attenuazione del flusso in ingresso. Il flussimetro è adatto per misure sia di flusso totale che di distribuzione spaziale del flusso. La risposta del flussimetro in funzione della divergenza angolare del fascio mostra una variazione massima inferiore allo 0.5%, Questo risultato è stato raggiunto progettando opportunamente la geometria delle sfere e dei baffles.
Metodo e relativa apparecchiatura per la misura dell’intensità e distribuzione della radiazione concentrata nei sistemi solari con ricevitore cilindrico, in particolare nei sistemi solari lineari di tipo termico o termodinamico. Il... more
Metodo e relativa apparecchiatura per la misura dell’intensità e distribuzione della radiazione concentrata nei sistemi solari con ricevitore cilindrico, in particolare nei sistemi solari lineari di tipo termico o termodinamico. Il sensore del radiometro, a forma di collare, è realizzato con una molteplicità di fotorivelatori e viene fissato sul ricevitore, ovvero sulla camicia di vetro che isola termicamente quest’ultimo dall’esterno. Le celle solari sono distribuite sulla superficie del sensore in modo tale da intercettare una buona parte della radiazione concentrata prodotta su un tratto longitudinale della sezione trasversale del ricevitore e in prossimità della regione focale. Il radiometro misura la distribuzione dell’intensità della radiazione incidente con una risoluzione che è funzione del numero delle celle solari impiegate nel collare fotovoltaico. In una realizzazione preferita, il collare fotovoltaico è realizzato con undici celle solari per concentrazione del tipo a co...
ABSTRACT In this work the authors show results of a measurement inter-comparison campaign that saw the cooperation of the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI-ISAAC, indoor characterization), the Italian... more
ABSTRACT In this work the authors show results of a measurement inter-comparison campaign that saw the cooperation of the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI-ISAAC, indoor characterization), the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA, outdoor characterization) and the University of Cyprus (indoor and outdoor characterization). The measurement campaign is extremely useful to improve the know-how of the centres involved. Aside the well-known spectral mismatch effects, the importance of the "capacitive effect" is highlighted in this work, which arises when the tested high-efficiency CPV cell are characterized indoor on a pulsed solar simulator, depending on the duration of the pulse.
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Research Interests: Engineering, Materials Science, Raman Spectroscopy, Silicon, Photoluminescence, and 15 moreOptoelectronics, Thin Film, Physical sciences, Silicon Nitride, Nitrogen, Optical Properties, Nanoclusters, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Quantum Dot, Microstructures, Silane, Low Temperature, Gas Flow, Silicon Solar Cell, and Optical Absorption
Methods for evaluating the light intensity distribution on receivers of concentrated solar radiation systems are described. They are based on the use of Lambertian diffusers in place of the illuminated receiver and on the acquisition of... more
Methods for evaluating the light intensity distribution on receivers of concentrated solar radiation systems are described. They are based on the use of Lambertian diffusers in place of the illuminated receiver and on the acquisition of the scattered light, in reflection or transmission mode, by a CCD camera. The spatial distribution of intensity radiation is then numerically derived from the recorded images via a proprietary code. The details of the method are presented and a short survey of the main applications of the method in the photovoltaic and thermal solar energy conversion field is proposed. Methods for investigating the Lambertian character of commercial diffusers are also discussed.
Research Interests: Mechanical Engineering, Physics, Optics, Radiation, Solar Concentrators, and 12 moreMedicine, Solar Energy, Image Reconstruction, Applied Optics, Spatial Distribution, Optical physics, Solar radiation, Light Intensity, CCD camera, Photovoltaic system, Electrical And Electronic Engineering, and Optical Society of America
Thin film photovoltaics is a particularly attractive technology for building integration. In this paper, we present our analysis on architectural issues and technological developments of thin film silicon photovoltaics. In particular, we... more
Thin film photovoltaics is a particularly attractive technology for building integration. In this paper, we present our analysis on architectural issues and technological developments of thin film silicon photovoltaics. In particular, we focus on our activities related to transparent ...
Research Interests: Engineering, Materials Science, Economics, Photovoltaics, Renewable Energy, and 13 moreSolar Cell, Silicon, Optoelectronics, Chemical Vapor Deposition, Zinc Oxide, Thin Film, Technological Development, Applied Energy, Silicon Solar Cell, Amorphous Silicon, Low Pressure Boiler, Very High Frequency, and Low pressure
Methods for evaluating the light intensity distribution on receivers of concentrated solar radiation systems are described. They are based on the use of Lambertian diffusers in place of the illuminated receiver and on the acquisition of... more
Methods for evaluating the light intensity distribution on receivers of concentrated solar radiation systems are described. They are based on the use of Lambertian diffusers in place of the illuminated receiver and on the acquisition of the scattered light, in reflection or transmission mode, by a CCD camera. The spatial distribution of intensity radiation is then numerically derived from the recorded images via a proprietary code. The details of the method are presented and a short survey of the main applications of the method in the photovoltaic and thermal solar energy conversion field is proposed. Methods for investigating the Lambertian character of commercial diffusers are also discussed.