Solar Cell

A complete analysis & assessment have been done which can be utilized as bankable DPR.
The whole process of setting up a solar PV Module Production Unit and the required
business model have discussed in detail. Also The Market Analysis, Financial aspects,
Marketing strategies can be found in this article.

The band gap of Cd1-xMgxTe can be easily tuned from 1.48 to 3.5 eV (x = 0 to 1), and hence this material is a potential candidate for developing the wide band gap top cell in tandem solar cells. In this paper, we present an all-sputtered Cd1-xMgxTe/CdS top cell developed on commercial SnO2:F-coated (Tec-7) glass substrates with sheet resistance of

We present a new thin-film solar cell structure in which the traditional transparent conductive oxide electrode (ZnO) is replaced by a transparent conductive coating consisting of a network of bundled single-wall carbon nanotubes. Optical transmission properties of these coatings are presented in relation to their electrical properties (sheet resistance), along with preliminary solar cell results from devices made using CuIn1-xGaxSe2 thinfilm absorber materials. Achieving an energy conversion efficiency of >12% and a quantum efficiency of ~80% demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. A discussion of the device structures will be presented considering the physical properties of the new electrodes comparing current-voltage results from the new solar cell structure and those from standard ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2/Mo solar cells.

We describe a new method towards bulk-heterojunction hybrid polymer solar cells based on composite films of zinc oxide (ZnO) and a conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MDMO-PPV). Spin-coating diethylzinc as a ZnO precursor and MDMO-PPV from a common solvent at 40 % humidity and annealing at 110 °C provides films in which crystalline ZnO is found to be intimately mixed with MDMO-PPV. Photoluminescence and photoinduced spectroscopy demonstrate that photoexcitation of these hybrid composite films results in a fast and long-lived charge transfer from the polymer as a donor to ZnO as ato be obtained n acceptor. Using the ZnO-precursor method, hybrid polymer solar cells have been made with an estimated air-mass of 1.5 (AM 1.5) energy conversion efficiency of 1.1 %. This new method represents a fivefold improved performance compared to similar hybrid polymer solar cells based on amorphous TiO2.

In this paper, an energy system comprising three energy sources, namely PV, wind and fuel cells, is proposed. Each of the three energy sources is controlled so as to deliver energy at optimum efficiency. Fuzzy logic control is employed to achieve maximum power tracking ...

Abstract: - This paper describes a fully integrated acoustic sensor that combines high sensitivity, wide frequency range and low cost of batch processed miniaturized silicon components. A sputtered piezoelectric ZnO layer transforms the mechanical deflection of ...

In photovoltaics, research is aiming to investigate new materials able to push the efficiency limit for solar cells towards the highest values without increasing the fabrication cost. This paper presents a review about graphene material and its potential use in all technological fields. Due to its high conductivity, transparency and amazing properties. It seems that it has an important place in the next generation of solar cells instead of silicon or thin film based solar cells, researchers found diverse applications for graphene in nanoelectronics, aviation, industry, transport, biomedecine and others. This paper present a review about the state of art about the graphene material in photovoltaic solar cells where very interesting efficiencies were recorded.

Our effort towards the attainment of high performance devices has yielded several devices with total-area conversion efficiencies above 16%, the highest measuring 16.8% under standard reporting conditions (ASTM E892-87, Global 1000 W/m2). The first attempts to translate this development to larger areas resulted in an efficiency of 12.5% for a 16.8-cm2 monolithically interconnected submodule test structure, and 15.3% for a 4.85-cm2 single cell. Achievement of a 17.2% device efficiency fabricated for operation under concentration (22-sun) is also reported. All high efficiency devices reported here are made from graded bandgap absorbers. Bandgap grading is achieved by compositional Ga/(In+Ga) profiling as a function of depth. The fabrication schemes to achieve the graded absorbers, the window materials and contacting are described

The aim of this study is to understand the effect of the glass frit chemistry used in thick-film Ag pastes on the electrical performance of the silicon solar cell. The study focuses on the physical behavior of the glass frit during heat treatment as well as the resulting Ag−Si contact interface structure. We observe that the glass frit transition temperature (Tg) and softening characteristics play a critical role in the contact interface structure. The glass transition temperature also significantly influences the contact ohmicity of the thick-film metal grid. A high glass frit transition temperature generally results in thinner glass regions between the Ag bulk of the grid and the Si emitter. It was found that a glass frit (with high Tg) that crystallizes fast during the firing cycle after etching the silicon nitride and Si emitter results in smaller Ag crystallite precipitation at the contact interface. This results in smaller junction leakage current density (Jo2) and higher open-circuit voltage (Voc). Using high Tg pastes (with the appropriate Ag powder size), greater than 0.78 fill factors and >17.4% efficiency were achieved on 4 cm2 untextured single crystal Si solar cells with 100 Ω/sq emitters.

Low dimensional semiconductor crystals structures otherwise known as quantum dots are in possession of unique optoelectronic properties that allow the flow of electrons to be harvested instantaneously. The advent of quantum dot for various technological applications is motivated by their flexibility of their bandgap supporting their capability to tap power from the visible spectrum as well as the invisible infrared through absorbable wavelength ranges from about 700 nanometre to 10 micron. Besides the wide energy harvesting range, quantum dot utilizes small to area for high energy production. The emergence of quantum dot and its application in optoelectronic device such as solar is set to improve the efficiency limit of traditional devices. The configuration of quantum dot in solar cell is discussed as well as electron transfer processes. Their three unique advantages for solar-to-electric energy conversion such as provision of large surface and interfacial areas per unit volume for...

Jual Panel Surya Cirebon  Bergaransi, Panel surya adalah alat yang digunakan untuk menyerap dan mengubah sinar matahari menjadi energi listrik. Di dalam sinar matahari terkandung energy dalam bentuk photo. Ketika foton ini mengenai permukaan panel, elektronnya akan menimbulkan aliran listrik (voltaic). Jadi sistem yang dapat digunakan untuk mengubah energi cahaya matahari menjadi energi listrik disebut efek photovoltaic.

Future energy technologies must be based on renewable sources of energy and they must be sustainable. This workshop will provide insight into unintended impacts of renewable energy and how they can be avoided. In order to steer away from the pitfalls and unintended effects it is essential that necessary knowledge is present to the developers and decision makers engaged in renewable energy. This is where this workshop is valuable in its discussion of unintended health and environmental impacts of various renewable energy technologies.
The workshop give the participants an introduction the the concept of unintended consequences, in connection with renewable energy. Furthermore, several approaches to improve the understanding of these consequences and methods for predicting them, will be discussed. This will include the concepts of rebound effects and consequential life cycle assessments (LCA). The workshop will encompass presentations and discussions of results from cross-disciplinary research on implementation of the alternative fuels hydrogen, electricity and biodiesel in the transport sector, as well as the assessment of environmental impacts from the production of solar cells. This will also cover impacts of the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the various energy technologies. In-dept focus will also be on the formation of nanoparticles during combustion of bio-blended diesel, and the toxic effects of these new emission components.

Energy from the sun is the best option for electricity generation as it is abundantly available everywhere and
sustainable source. Advance of Photovoltaic (PV) technology in recent years has made solar energy one of the practical
alternative energy sources available in the energy market. In order to make the PV energy more affordable and cost
effective, major focus of the research community and industry is improvement on power efficiency of PV systems.
Parameter extraction of solar cell plays a crucial role in the simulation and design calculation of PV system. In this
paper, in order to fast and accurately extract the solar cell parameters, differential evolution (DE) is proposed. The
single diode and double diode model of solar cell is used as the basis for the extraction problem. The analysis carried
out using current-voltage (I-V) characteristics showed that the proposed DE outperforms other methods, namely the
genetic algorithm (GA) and partical swarm optimization (PSO).