This article examines the role of grassroots actors in regions of violent conflict where competin... more This article examines the role of grassroots actors in regions of violent conflict where competing governance systems exists. Specifically, it focuses on those living in the borderlands of South America, where alternative forms of governance may be created in response to violence between state and criminal organizations. In this context, how can grassroots actors overcome protracted armed violence and establish new, legitimate forms of social governance? To explore this question, our methodology employs data triangulation, combining literature, news reports, and fieldwork data collected in two violence-prone territories: the borderlands of Cúcuta (Colombia)/Táchira state (Venezuela) and Pedro Juan Caballero (Paraguay)/Ponta Porã (Brazil). We argue that grassroots actors can develop innovative and alternative governance structures that differ from those of the state and criminal groups. This research also contributes to the ongoing discussion about the agency of local actors in violent conflicts between nonstate actors and the state. The findings demonstrate that grassroots actors in violent border regions can actively transform conflicts and build peace, particularly in areas such as migration, security, health, and education.
The article consists of a discussion of the research project in progress, “The Margins of the Sta... more The article consists of a discussion of the research project in progress, “The Margins of the State in the Covid-19 Pandemic: peripheral experiences of human (in)security in Brazil". We present the work context, its epistemological framework, based on central concepts in the field of Peace Studies, and an analysis of preliminary results obtained so far. Started in August 2020, the purpose of the project is to build a diagnosis of the Brazilian peripheries’ situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, mapping peripheral experiences from the perspective of human security. For this purpose, primary data will be collected through interviews and testimonies, which will make up a public online repository of information. Through a critical approach that removes the primacy of the security concept from the scope of States, including individual and societal dimensions such as empowerment and rights and access to basic services such as education, sanitation and social protection, this project...
In several Latin American countries, social violence has risen to warlike levels. Nevertheless, l... more In several Latin American countries, social violence has risen to warlike levels. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the extent of social violence and the new (informal) forms of governance generated by the so-called violent nonstate actors (VNSAs). Where a state’s forces fail to provide for the physical protection and social security of its citizens, some areas are governed by a mix of formal (vertical) and informal (horizontal) forms of governance, mixing state and nonstate actors. In these socially bounded spaces, nonstate actors produce and distribute public goods similarly as the state does. In this article, we explore how hybrid governance has appeared in the South American region, considering the operation of two regional VNSAs, the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) in Brazil and the Bandas Criminales (BACRIM) in Colombia. We show that such VNSAs are significant agents for security governance, as they challenge preconceived notions of state authority (legitimacy).
O artigo consiste em uma discussão do estado atual da pesquisa, em andamento, “As Margens do Esta... more O artigo consiste em uma discussão do estado atual da pesquisa, em andamento, “As Margens do Estado na Pandemia: experiências periféricas de (in)segurança humana no Brasil”. Apresentamos o contexto do trabalho, o seu enquadramento epistemológico, alicerçado em conceitos centrais do campo de Estudos para a Paz, e uma análise preliminar dos resultados obtidos até o momento. Iniciado em agosto de 2020, o intuito do projeto é construir um diagnóstico da situação das periferias brasileiras durante a pandemia de COVID-19, mapeando as experiências periféricas a partir do prisma da segurança humana. Para o efeito, serão coletados dados primários através de entrevistas e testemunhos, que comporão um repositório online público de informações. Através de uma abordagem crítica que retira a primazia do conceito de segurança do âmbito dos Estados, incluindo dimensões individuais e societais tais como o empoderamento e o direito e acesso a serviços básicos como educação, saneamento e proteção soci...
In several Latin American countries, social violence has risen to warlike levels. Nevertheless, l... more In several Latin American countries, social violence has risen to warlike levels. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the extent of social violence and the new (informal) forms of governance generated by the so-called violent nonstate actors (VNSAs). Where a state's forces fail to provide for the physical protection and social security of its citizens, some areas are governed by a mix of formal (vertical) and informal (horizontal) forms of governance, mixing state and nonstate actors. In these socially bounded spaces, nonstate actors produce and distribute public goods similarly as the state does. In this article, we explore how hybrid governance has appeared in the South American region, considering the operation of two regional VNSAs, the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) in Brazil and the Bandas Criminales (BACRIM) in Colombia. We show that such VNSAs are significant agents for security governance, as they challenge preconceived notions of state authority (legitim...
Contending rationales of peace and conflict coexist between countries and within regional spaces ... more Contending rationales of peace and conflict coexist between countries and within regional spaces as conditions that motivate or constrain militarized behaviors. While the idea of balancing is still a relevant concept to understand contemporary security in South America, the region produces patterns of a nascent security community. This article argues that the regional repertoire of foreign and security policy practices draws on a hybrid security governance mechanism. The novelty brought by the cumulative interaction among South American countries is that the coexistence turns into a hybrid between both practices and discourses. To explain how hybrid formations are produced, this study analyzes the most empirically intense and academically controversial political and security interactions from interstate relations in the two security complexes in the region, the Southern Cone and the Northern Andes.
Contém verbetes referidos aos conceitos mais empregados na área de Defesa e Segurança. Eles são a... more Contém verbetes referidos aos conceitos mais empregados na área de Defesa e Segurança. Eles são artigos cuidadosamente elaborados pelos mais importantes pesquisadores do tema referido, tanto nacionais quanto estrangeiros. Na escolha dos articulistas e na seleção dos trabalhos não houve nenhuma diretriz de tipo ideológica nem política. Em todos os casos primou a confiança nos autores e na premissa ética da sua busca pela objetividade científica. A única diretriz sugerida aos autores foi a de ter sempre em mente o leitor, aquele especialista na matéria, o professor universitário e todos aqueles que se interessem pela Defesa Nacional e a Segurança. Assim, pretende-se desmitificar algumas palavras usualmente empregadas pelo jornalismo, pouco atento ainda às particularidades dos conflitos, às particularidades cambiantes das guerras e as prioridades nacionais para a defesa. Os conceitos aqui tratados, além de esclarecer as questões semânticas e históricas do significado dos termos tratados, foram burilados como imprescindíveis ferramentas epistêmicas na tarefa permanente do pesquisador destas áreas. A construção conceitual em redes permite derivar de um verbete a outro empregando links naquelas palavras empregadas no verbete que remitam a outro conceito tratado em outro verbete. As indicações bibliográficas foram selecionadas cuidadosamente, sem falsa erudição e com o único propósito de auxiliar ao leitor interessado em se aprofundar no estudo de algum tema da área de Defesa e Segurança
This article examines the role of grassroots actors in regions of violent conflict where competin... more This article examines the role of grassroots actors in regions of violent conflict where competing governance systems exists. Specifically, it focuses on those living in the borderlands of South America, where alternative forms of governance may be created in response to violence between state and criminal organizations. In this context, how can grassroots actors overcome protracted armed violence and establish new, legitimate forms of social governance? To explore this question, our methodology employs data triangulation, combining literature, news reports, and fieldwork data collected in two violence-prone territories: the borderlands of Cúcuta (Colombia)/Táchira state (Venezuela) and Pedro Juan Caballero (Paraguay)/Ponta Porã (Brazil). We argue that grassroots actors can develop innovative and alternative governance structures that differ from those of the state and criminal groups. This research also contributes to the ongoing discussion about the agency of local actors in violent conflicts between nonstate actors and the state. The findings demonstrate that grassroots actors in violent border regions can actively transform conflicts and build peace, particularly in areas such as migration, security, health, and education.
The article consists of a discussion of the research project in progress, “The Margins of the Sta... more The article consists of a discussion of the research project in progress, “The Margins of the State in the Covid-19 Pandemic: peripheral experiences of human (in)security in Brazil". We present the work context, its epistemological framework, based on central concepts in the field of Peace Studies, and an analysis of preliminary results obtained so far. Started in August 2020, the purpose of the project is to build a diagnosis of the Brazilian peripheries’ situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, mapping peripheral experiences from the perspective of human security. For this purpose, primary data will be collected through interviews and testimonies, which will make up a public online repository of information. Through a critical approach that removes the primacy of the security concept from the scope of States, including individual and societal dimensions such as empowerment and rights and access to basic services such as education, sanitation and social protection, this project...
In several Latin American countries, social violence has risen to warlike levels. Nevertheless, l... more In several Latin American countries, social violence has risen to warlike levels. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the extent of social violence and the new (informal) forms of governance generated by the so-called violent nonstate actors (VNSAs). Where a state’s forces fail to provide for the physical protection and social security of its citizens, some areas are governed by a mix of formal (vertical) and informal (horizontal) forms of governance, mixing state and nonstate actors. In these socially bounded spaces, nonstate actors produce and distribute public goods similarly as the state does. In this article, we explore how hybrid governance has appeared in the South American region, considering the operation of two regional VNSAs, the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) in Brazil and the Bandas Criminales (BACRIM) in Colombia. We show that such VNSAs are significant agents for security governance, as they challenge preconceived notions of state authority (legitimacy).
O artigo consiste em uma discussão do estado atual da pesquisa, em andamento, “As Margens do Esta... more O artigo consiste em uma discussão do estado atual da pesquisa, em andamento, “As Margens do Estado na Pandemia: experiências periféricas de (in)segurança humana no Brasil”. Apresentamos o contexto do trabalho, o seu enquadramento epistemológico, alicerçado em conceitos centrais do campo de Estudos para a Paz, e uma análise preliminar dos resultados obtidos até o momento. Iniciado em agosto de 2020, o intuito do projeto é construir um diagnóstico da situação das periferias brasileiras durante a pandemia de COVID-19, mapeando as experiências periféricas a partir do prisma da segurança humana. Para o efeito, serão coletados dados primários através de entrevistas e testemunhos, que comporão um repositório online público de informações. Através de uma abordagem crítica que retira a primazia do conceito de segurança do âmbito dos Estados, incluindo dimensões individuais e societais tais como o empoderamento e o direito e acesso a serviços básicos como educação, saneamento e proteção soci...
In several Latin American countries, social violence has risen to warlike levels. Nevertheless, l... more In several Latin American countries, social violence has risen to warlike levels. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the extent of social violence and the new (informal) forms of governance generated by the so-called violent nonstate actors (VNSAs). Where a state's forces fail to provide for the physical protection and social security of its citizens, some areas are governed by a mix of formal (vertical) and informal (horizontal) forms of governance, mixing state and nonstate actors. In these socially bounded spaces, nonstate actors produce and distribute public goods similarly as the state does. In this article, we explore how hybrid governance has appeared in the South American region, considering the operation of two regional VNSAs, the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) in Brazil and the Bandas Criminales (BACRIM) in Colombia. We show that such VNSAs are significant agents for security governance, as they challenge preconceived notions of state authority (legitim...
Contending rationales of peace and conflict coexist between countries and within regional spaces ... more Contending rationales of peace and conflict coexist between countries and within regional spaces as conditions that motivate or constrain militarized behaviors. While the idea of balancing is still a relevant concept to understand contemporary security in South America, the region produces patterns of a nascent security community. This article argues that the regional repertoire of foreign and security policy practices draws on a hybrid security governance mechanism. The novelty brought by the cumulative interaction among South American countries is that the coexistence turns into a hybrid between both practices and discourses. To explain how hybrid formations are produced, this study analyzes the most empirically intense and academically controversial political and security interactions from interstate relations in the two security complexes in the region, the Southern Cone and the Northern Andes.
Contém verbetes referidos aos conceitos mais empregados na área de Defesa e Segurança. Eles são a... more Contém verbetes referidos aos conceitos mais empregados na área de Defesa e Segurança. Eles são artigos cuidadosamente elaborados pelos mais importantes pesquisadores do tema referido, tanto nacionais quanto estrangeiros. Na escolha dos articulistas e na seleção dos trabalhos não houve nenhuma diretriz de tipo ideológica nem política. Em todos os casos primou a confiança nos autores e na premissa ética da sua busca pela objetividade científica. A única diretriz sugerida aos autores foi a de ter sempre em mente o leitor, aquele especialista na matéria, o professor universitário e todos aqueles que se interessem pela Defesa Nacional e a Segurança. Assim, pretende-se desmitificar algumas palavras usualmente empregadas pelo jornalismo, pouco atento ainda às particularidades dos conflitos, às particularidades cambiantes das guerras e as prioridades nacionais para a defesa. Os conceitos aqui tratados, além de esclarecer as questões semânticas e históricas do significado dos termos tratados, foram burilados como imprescindíveis ferramentas epistêmicas na tarefa permanente do pesquisador destas áreas. A construção conceitual em redes permite derivar de um verbete a outro empregando links naquelas palavras empregadas no verbete que remitam a outro conceito tratado em outro verbete. As indicações bibliográficas foram selecionadas cuidadosamente, sem falsa erudição e com o único propósito de auxiliar ao leitor interessado em se aprofundar no estudo de algum tema da área de Defesa e Segurança
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