Debasmita Mohanty

Abstract The indiscriminate use of chemicals and antibiotics has prompted the search for an alternative in the form of herbal therapy. An attempt was made to assess the efficacy of serially fractionated solvent extracts of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb) against significant aquaculture microbes. The solvent extracts were designated as Br1-Br7, F1-F7, and L1-L7, and they contained the bark, fruit, and leaves of T. arjuna, as well as 17 bacterial isolates of various types and one fungus, Aphanomyces invadans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for bacterial isolates ranged from 0.0 to 25 μg/mL, with an average of 11.39 ± 0.48 μg/mL. The ethanolic bark extract, Br5 (20.83 ± 0.10 mm), and the ethanolic fruit extract, F5 (19.50 ± 0.06 mm) had the greatest inhibition zone against Edwardsiella tarda (B1), and solvent extracts were effective at 0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL for bacterial isolates and fungal strains, respectively. Ellagic acid (m/z 302.01 g/mol), 18-Glycyrrhetinic acid (m/z 470.34 g/mol), Azelaic acid (m/z 188.10 g/mol), and Caffeic acid (m/z 180.04 g/mol) were found to be the most prominent and best fit (> 80 percent) in mzcloud computing. Naringenin (m/z 272.06 g/mol) was discovered in Acetone bark extract, Kanamycin (m/z 426.35 g/mol) and Tetracycline (m/z 444.415 g/mol) in Ethanol bark extract, Orientin (m/z 448.10 g/mol), and Phloretin (m/z 274.08 g/mol) in leaf extracts, and the current study is the first of its kind, and it found that ethanolic bark extract (Br5) has the highest potential antimicrobial activity, followed by methanolic bark extract. As a result, the current study suggests that T. arjuna can be effectively valorized as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial for disease management and human welfare.

Aeromonas species exhibit widespread presence in food, poultry, and aquaculture. They are major multi-drug-resistant fish pathogens. This study aims to identify Aeromonas species harbouring virulence genes aerolysin, flagellin, and lipase from diseased fishes of Assam wetlands with association with antibiotic resistance and in vivo pathogenicity. One hundred and thirty-four Aeromonas strains were isolated and thirty representative species identified using genus-specific 16S rRNA gene amplification. A. veronii was most prevalent (53.7%) followed by A. hydrophila (40.2%), A. caviae (4.47%), and A. dhakensis (1.49%). Ninety percent (90%) of strains harboured at least one of the studied virulence genes: aerA (73.3%), lip (46.6%), and flaA (26.6%). The highest multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index 0.8 corresponded to A. hydrophila DBTNE1 (MZ723069), containing all the studied genes. The lowest LD50 values (1.6 × 106 CFU/fish) corresponded to isolates having both aerA and lip. β-lact...

Microplastics are recognized as ubiquitous pollutants in aquatic environments; however, very little study is done on their occurrence and fate at drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Though, the toxic effect of microplastics on human health is not yet well established; there is global concern about their possible ill effect on the human. Hence, the present study evaluates the occurrence of microplastics at different treatment stages of a typical DWTP with pulse clarification and its removal efficiency. In the test DWTP, raw water, sourced from river Ganga, was found to contain microplastics 17.88 items/L. Cumulative microplastic removal at key treatment stages viz. pulse clarification and sand filtration was found to be 63% and 85%, respectively. The study also revealed higher microplastic abundance on the sand filter bed due to the screening effect. The most frequently occurring microplastics were fibers and films/fragments with polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene as a ...