This study aimed to estimate by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy the microbial nitrogen content (... more This study aimed to estimate by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy the microbial nitrogen content (MN) of feed residues from in sacco degradability trails and duodenal digesta of sheep. NIR spectra from 50 samples of duodenal digesta, and from in sacco residues—110 samples of alfalfa hay and 38 samples of maize silage were obtained using an NIRSystems 4250 spectrophotometer. The microbial nitrogen (MN) content of part of the alfalfa hay in sacco residues (78 samples) was calculated from the percentage of 15N enrichment compared to enrichment in the original samples; for the rest of the alfalfa samples and samples of maize silage residues were determined by diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) as a bacterial marker, and MN of duodenal digesta samples by the purine N (RNA equivalent) content as a microbial marker. The calibration equations were developed by modified least squares as the calibration method. The microbial content of all kinds of samples was accurately calibrated and cross-validated...
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids ... more The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids (DAA) basis and supplementation of probiotic Lactina on performance of broiler chickens. Four treatments were tested: TAA- total amino acids diet formulation, DAA- digestible amino acids diet formulation, TAA+L and DAA+L- diets with Lactina supplementation. The probiotic preparation Lactina consisted of freeze-dried pure cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium and 4 strains of Lactobacillus. Each gram of Lactina contained 0.1x109 CFU. Formulation of diets for broilers on DAA basis promoted the existence of increased levels of poor quality protein sources (sunflower meal and meat and bone meal) and resulted in reduced feed cost per 1 kg of yield without negative influence on performance traits. Lactina fed chickens had decreased feed conversion ration, increased body weight and yield of carcass, meat, liver, gizzard and heart. The tested probiotic preparation did not ...
A study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary probiotic Lactina on production perf... more A study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary probiotic Lactina on production performance, some blood parameters and caecal microflora of male mule ducklings raised in 93 days under field conditions. The probiotic preparation Lactina consisted of freeze-dried pure cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium and 4 strains of Lactobacillus. Each gram of Lactina contained 0.1x10 9 CFU. Day-old birds were randomly allocated to -L (n = 2240) and +L (n = 2330) groups. The difference between treatments on these birds was the supplementation of the probiotic in the feeds (300 g/t) of +L group. Lactina significantly improved body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and liver weight of mules. The probiotic supplementation did not affect the intestine length, the weight of gizzard, heart, and blood constituents comprising, haemoglobin, total protein and cholesterol concentrations. Lactina fed ducklings had reduced total counts of bacteria, E. coli and Sal...
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids ... more The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids (DAA) basis and supplementation of probiotic Lactina on performance of broiler chickens. Four treatments were tested: TAA total amino acids diet formulation, DAA digestible amino acids diet formulation, TAA+L and DAA+L diets with Lactina supplementation. The probiotic preparation Lactina consisted of freeze-dried pure cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium and 4 strains of Lactobacillus. Each gram of Lactina contained 0.1x10 CFU. Formulation of diets for broilers on DAA basis promoted the existence of increased levels of poor quality protein sources (sunflower meal and meat and bone meal) and resulted in reduced feed cost per 1 kg of yield without negative influence on performance traits. Lactina fed chickens had decreased feed conversion ration, increased body weight and yield of carcass, meat, liver, gizzard and heart. The tested probiotic preparation did not affe...
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids ... more The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids (DAA) basis and supplementation of probiotic Lactina on performance of broiler chickens. Four treatments were tested: TAA - total amino acids diet formulation, DAA - digestible amino acids diet formulation, TAA+L and DAA+L - diets with Lactina supplementation. The probiotic preparation Lactina consisted of freeze-dried pure cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium and 4 strains of Lactobacillus. Each gram of Lactina contained 0.1x10 9 CFU. Formulation of diets for broilers on DAA basis promoted the existence of increased levels of poor quality protein sources (sunflower meal and meat and bone meal) and resulted in reduced feed cost per 1 kg of yield without negative influence on performance traits. Lactina fed chickens had decreased feed conversion ration, increased body weight and yield of carcass, meat, liver, gizzard and heart. The tested probiotic preparat...
ABSTRACT In vivo experiments with sheep showed that digestibility in the rumen and in the whole g... more ABSTRACT In vivo experiments with sheep showed that digestibility in the rumen and in the whole gastrointestinal tract depended on the level of dry matter intake but not on the level of net energy intake. It is necessary to reevaluate the requirements for determination of standard digestibility at maintenance level of energy.
ABSTRACT In vivo experiments with sheep showed that digestibility in the rumen and in the whole g... more ABSTRACT In vivo experiments with sheep showed that digestibility in the rumen and in the whole gastrointestinal tract depended on the level of dry matter intake but not on the level of net energy intake. It is necessary to reevaluate the requirements for determination of standard digestibility at maintenance level of energy.
ABSTRACT Twenty one feeds (roughages: barley straw, meadow hay, lucerne hay and dehydrated lucern... more ABSTRACT Twenty one feeds (roughages: barley straw, meadow hay, lucerne hay and dehydrated lucerne legume forages: lucerne; red clover, white clover, birdsfoot trefoil and sainfoin; cereal forages: oats, rye, wheat and triticale; grasses: brome grass and cocksfoot; concentrates: wheat bran, brewers grain, vetch, soya-bean meal, sunflower meal and fish meal) were evaluated for ruminal purine (P) degradation kinetics and effective degradability (ED) of crude protein (CP) by in sacco incubation. The proportion of ruminally escaped feed P in duodenal flow was indirectly estimated. Meadow hay was had the lowest P content among all feeds. Within the legume forages, lucerne and sainfoin had lower values than red clover, white clover and birdsfoot. Differences also existed among lucerne, lucerne hay and dehydrated lucerne. Annual cereal forages (oats, wheat, rye and triticale) had P contents in the range of 3.0–4.7 mg g−1 dry matter (DM) and the lowest value was obtained for oats. Perennial grasses (brome grass and cocksfoot) did not differ in their P concentrations. In this respect, concentrates varied substantially with the highest value found in fish meal (59.4 mg g−1 DM) followed by soya-bean meal (21.2 mg g−1 DM). Soluble fraction (a) of P in most of the feeds was higher than the slowly degradable fraction (b), with the exception of dehydrated lucerne, brewers grain, soya-bean meal and fish meal. Fraction b varied from 21% (oats) to 53% (soya-bean meal). The maximum potential (a+b) of P degradation was high and did not differ within various legume forages (92–99%) or within cereal forages (94–98%). Lower a+b values were obtained for barley straw, dehydrated lucerne, brewers grain and fish meal. The ED of P, estimated at ruminal outflow rate 0.05% h−1, of the majority of tested feedstuffs was in the range of 80–90%, although a substantially lower value (41%) was obtained for fish meal. Dehydrated lucerne also had very low P degradability (55%). Intermediate ED was found for barley straw (64%) and for brewers grain (71%). There was a correlation between the ED of CP and the ED of P (R2=0.82). The indirectly estimated contribution of undegraded feed P to duodenal flow was negligible (under 2% at outflow rate of 0.05% h−1) in all tested forages, hays and in wheat bran, vetch and sunflower meal. The calculated values for dehydrated lucerne, brewers grain, barley straw and soya-bean meal were in the range of 2–4%. Fish meal had a very high proportion of ruminally escaped P in the duodenal pool.
This study aimed to estimate by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy the microbial nitrogen content (... more This study aimed to estimate by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy the microbial nitrogen content (MN) of feed residues from in sacco degradability trails and duodenal digesta of sheep. NIR spectra from 50 samples of duodenal digesta, and from in sacco residues—110 samples of alfalfa hay and 38 samples of maize silage were obtained using an NIRSystems 4250 spectrophotometer. The microbial nitrogen (MN) content of part of the alfalfa hay in sacco residues (78 samples) was calculated from the percentage of 15N enrichment compared to enrichment in the original samples; for the rest of the alfalfa samples and samples of maize silage residues were determined by diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) as a bacterial marker, and MN of duodenal digesta samples by the purine N (RNA equivalent) content as a microbial marker. The calibration equations were developed by modified least squares as the calibration method. The microbial content of all kinds of samples was accurately calibrated and cross-validated...
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids ... more The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids (DAA) basis and supplementation of probiotic Lactina on performance of broiler chickens. Four treatments were tested: TAA- total amino acids diet formulation, DAA- digestible amino acids diet formulation, TAA+L and DAA+L- diets with Lactina supplementation. The probiotic preparation Lactina consisted of freeze-dried pure cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium and 4 strains of Lactobacillus. Each gram of Lactina contained 0.1x109 CFU. Formulation of diets for broilers on DAA basis promoted the existence of increased levels of poor quality protein sources (sunflower meal and meat and bone meal) and resulted in reduced feed cost per 1 kg of yield without negative influence on performance traits. Lactina fed chickens had decreased feed conversion ration, increased body weight and yield of carcass, meat, liver, gizzard and heart. The tested probiotic preparation did not ...
A study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary probiotic Lactina on production perf... more A study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary probiotic Lactina on production performance, some blood parameters and caecal microflora of male mule ducklings raised in 93 days under field conditions. The probiotic preparation Lactina consisted of freeze-dried pure cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium and 4 strains of Lactobacillus. Each gram of Lactina contained 0.1x10 9 CFU. Day-old birds were randomly allocated to -L (n = 2240) and +L (n = 2330) groups. The difference between treatments on these birds was the supplementation of the probiotic in the feeds (300 g/t) of +L group. Lactina significantly improved body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and liver weight of mules. The probiotic supplementation did not affect the intestine length, the weight of gizzard, heart, and blood constituents comprising, haemoglobin, total protein and cholesterol concentrations. Lactina fed ducklings had reduced total counts of bacteria, E. coli and Sal...
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids ... more The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids (DAA) basis and supplementation of probiotic Lactina on performance of broiler chickens. Four treatments were tested: TAA total amino acids diet formulation, DAA digestible amino acids diet formulation, TAA+L and DAA+L diets with Lactina supplementation. The probiotic preparation Lactina consisted of freeze-dried pure cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium and 4 strains of Lactobacillus. Each gram of Lactina contained 0.1x10 CFU. Formulation of diets for broilers on DAA basis promoted the existence of increased levels of poor quality protein sources (sunflower meal and meat and bone meal) and resulted in reduced feed cost per 1 kg of yield without negative influence on performance traits. Lactina fed chickens had decreased feed conversion ration, increased body weight and yield of carcass, meat, liver, gizzard and heart. The tested probiotic preparation did not affe...
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids ... more The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diet formulation on digestible amino acids (DAA) basis and supplementation of probiotic Lactina on performance of broiler chickens. Four treatments were tested: TAA - total amino acids diet formulation, DAA - digestible amino acids diet formulation, TAA+L and DAA+L - diets with Lactina supplementation. The probiotic preparation Lactina consisted of freeze-dried pure cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium and 4 strains of Lactobacillus. Each gram of Lactina contained 0.1x10 9 CFU. Formulation of diets for broilers on DAA basis promoted the existence of increased levels of poor quality protein sources (sunflower meal and meat and bone meal) and resulted in reduced feed cost per 1 kg of yield without negative influence on performance traits. Lactina fed chickens had decreased feed conversion ration, increased body weight and yield of carcass, meat, liver, gizzard and heart. The tested probiotic preparat...
ABSTRACT In vivo experiments with sheep showed that digestibility in the rumen and in the whole g... more ABSTRACT In vivo experiments with sheep showed that digestibility in the rumen and in the whole gastrointestinal tract depended on the level of dry matter intake but not on the level of net energy intake. It is necessary to reevaluate the requirements for determination of standard digestibility at maintenance level of energy.
ABSTRACT In vivo experiments with sheep showed that digestibility in the rumen and in the whole g... more ABSTRACT In vivo experiments with sheep showed that digestibility in the rumen and in the whole gastrointestinal tract depended on the level of dry matter intake but not on the level of net energy intake. It is necessary to reevaluate the requirements for determination of standard digestibility at maintenance level of energy.
ABSTRACT Twenty one feeds (roughages: barley straw, meadow hay, lucerne hay and dehydrated lucern... more ABSTRACT Twenty one feeds (roughages: barley straw, meadow hay, lucerne hay and dehydrated lucerne legume forages: lucerne; red clover, white clover, birdsfoot trefoil and sainfoin; cereal forages: oats, rye, wheat and triticale; grasses: brome grass and cocksfoot; concentrates: wheat bran, brewers grain, vetch, soya-bean meal, sunflower meal and fish meal) were evaluated for ruminal purine (P) degradation kinetics and effective degradability (ED) of crude protein (CP) by in sacco incubation. The proportion of ruminally escaped feed P in duodenal flow was indirectly estimated. Meadow hay was had the lowest P content among all feeds. Within the legume forages, lucerne and sainfoin had lower values than red clover, white clover and birdsfoot. Differences also existed among lucerne, lucerne hay and dehydrated lucerne. Annual cereal forages (oats, wheat, rye and triticale) had P contents in the range of 3.0–4.7 mg g−1 dry matter (DM) and the lowest value was obtained for oats. Perennial grasses (brome grass and cocksfoot) did not differ in their P concentrations. In this respect, concentrates varied substantially with the highest value found in fish meal (59.4 mg g−1 DM) followed by soya-bean meal (21.2 mg g−1 DM). Soluble fraction (a) of P in most of the feeds was higher than the slowly degradable fraction (b), with the exception of dehydrated lucerne, brewers grain, soya-bean meal and fish meal. Fraction b varied from 21% (oats) to 53% (soya-bean meal). The maximum potential (a+b) of P degradation was high and did not differ within various legume forages (92–99%) or within cereal forages (94–98%). Lower a+b values were obtained for barley straw, dehydrated lucerne, brewers grain and fish meal. The ED of P, estimated at ruminal outflow rate 0.05% h−1, of the majority of tested feedstuffs was in the range of 80–90%, although a substantially lower value (41%) was obtained for fish meal. Dehydrated lucerne also had very low P degradability (55%). Intermediate ED was found for barley straw (64%) and for brewers grain (71%). There was a correlation between the ED of CP and the ED of P (R2=0.82). The indirectly estimated contribution of undegraded feed P to duodenal flow was negligible (under 2% at outflow rate of 0.05% h−1) in all tested forages, hays and in wheat bran, vetch and sunflower meal. The calculated values for dehydrated lucerne, brewers grain, barley straw and soya-bean meal were in the range of 2–4%. Fish meal had a very high proportion of ruminally escaped P in the duodenal pool.
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