Taught in the Department of Physics of the University of Dhaka from 1978 to 2008 and was the Founding Chairperson of the Department of Biomedical Physics
Accurate assessment of Respiratory Rate (RR) is the most important mechanism in detecting pneumon... more Accurate assessment of Respiratory Rate (RR) is the most important mechanism in detecting pneumonia in low-resource settings. Pneumonia is a disease with one of the highest mortality rates among young children under five. However, the diagnosis of pneumonia for infants remains challenging, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In such situations, RR is most often measured manually with visual inspection. Accurate RR measurement requires the child to remain calm without any stress for a few minutes. The difficulty in achieving this with a sick child in a clinical environment can result in errors and misdiagnosis, even more so when the child is crying and non-cooperating around unfamiliar adults. Therefore, we propose an automated novel RR monitoring device built with textile glove and dry electrodes which can make use of the relaxed posture when the child is resting on the carer’s lap. This portable system is non-invasive and made with affordable instrumentation integrated on customized textile glove. The glove has multi-modal automated RR detection mechanism that simultaneously uses bio-impedance and accelerometer data. This novel textile glove with dry electrodes can easily be worn by a parent/carer and is washable. The real-time display on a mobile app shows the raw data and the RR value, allowing a healthcare professional to monitor the results from afar. The prototype device has been tested on 10 volunteers with age variation of 3 years to 33 years, including male and female. The maximum variation of measured RR with the proposed system is ±2 compared to the traditional manual counting method. It does not create any discomfort for either the child or the carer and can be used up to 60 to 70 sessions/day before recharging.
2016 International Conference on Medical Engineering, Health Informatics and Technology (MediTec), 2016
This work is focused on the quantitative study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the purpos... more This work is focused on the quantitative study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the purpose of identification of brain tumor by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculations of Diffusion-weighted images (DWI). Such diffusion-based measurements of cellular response can provide additional quantitative information for tissue characterization that strengthens the diagnosis carried out by conventional T1 and T2 weighted MRI. Initially, the DWI protocol were implemented on different test subjects with 6 sets of diffusion weighting factor by using a 3T MR scanner at National Institute of Neuroscience, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Afterward, based on the discussion with radiologists and specialists, two subjects (subject number 2 and 5) with suspected brain tumor were selected from the previous pool; ADC calculations were performed on the tumor region and the normal tissues on the symmetric region of the tumor on the other hemisphere. The comparison revealed a significant difference in ADC values of both regions, thus indicating a successful detection of the brain tumor. Such quantitative analysis provides a broader diagnostic scope as an addition with routine anatomical MRI and could play a crucial role in the treatment planning for pre and post-operative condition.
This work was taken up to design a cost effective and simple domestic scale solar water distillat... more This work was taken up to design a cost effective and simple domestic scale solar water distillation device for use in the coastal villages of Bangladesh where saline free drinking water is scarce. This study mainly looked at the feasibility of using stretched transparent PVC cover in solar distillation devices in lieu of traditionally used transparent glass sheet. To increase total evaporative surface area of the bottom of stills, those were covered with black cotton fabrics with extended fibers. For the same angle of inclination (130) of the transparent cover, the average amount of distilled water produced by the transparent PVC sheet covered still was about 42% of that collected from a glass sheet covered still. The reason behind this poor performance could be traced to the increased surface adhesion of condensed water droplets with the PVC cover, which essentially scattered sunrays away from the solar still. So the way to go is to find a suitable plastic sheet material that has ...
Analysing published experimental findings this paper revealed that for myelinated nerves the cond... more Analysing published experimental findings this paper revealed that for myelinated nerves the conduction velocity (CV) increases on stretching out of the nerve, which has not been pointed out by anyone before. This apparently contradicts existing concepts since stretching out of a nerve fibre reduces its diameter which is expected to reduce the CV. Besides, the change is reversible and immediate, which cannot be explained with existing knowledge either. In order to explain this anomaly, the present work invoked a new resistance to ion flow between the nerve axon and the extracellular fluid created by interdigitated fingerlike processes of myelin sheaths coming from two sides of a node of Ranvier, analyzing published electron microscopic images. When stretched out, the gaps between the processes increase, decreasing the resistance to ion flow and thereby hastening depolarization, increasing CV in turn. The gaps close immediately on the release of the stretching force because of the pu...
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies - ISABEL '11, 2011
Abstract A new Pigeon Hole Imaging (PHI) method was conceived based on the 4-electrode Focused Im... more Abstract A new Pigeon Hole Imaging (PHI) method was conceived based on the 4-electrode Focused Impedance Method (FIM) developed by members of our group earlier. The FIM uses a group of 4 electrodes placed at the corners of a square region giving an enhanced ...
Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications, 2015
Conventional spirometry gives information on the overall ventilation of a person's lung; it c... more Conventional spirometry gives information on the overall ventilation of a person's lung; it cannot detect localized disorders in ventilation as occurring in pulmonary edema, pneumonia, tumor, TB, etc. Here we propose a new technique involving the recently developed focused impedance method (FIM) in combination with conventional spirometry to detect localized lung ventilation disorders. Electrical impedance of lung tissue changes as a function of air content and FIM provides a measurement of localized electrical impedance with sensitivity down to reasonable depths inside the body using a few surface electrodes; here we used a six-electrode version. At least four quadrants of the lungs in the frontal plane can be separately measured using a hand-held probe with spring backed skin surface electrodes. Firstly, spatial sensitivity distribution of the six-electrode FIM was obtained using finite element simulation which verified the focusing effect and its depth sensitivity. Percent ch...
Anaemia is a common disorder in which the percentage of haemoglobin in a persons blood decreases... more Anaemia is a common disorder in which the percentage of haemoglobin in a persons blood decreases below a certain level. Sometimes in medical emergency, it is necessary to know the percentage of haemoglobin of a patient and it is usually done by laboratory testing of blood drawn from a vein, which is semi-invasive and time consuming. Doctors can make a quick approximate assessment from the redness of the inner lower eyelid, but it is not quantitative. However, it suggests that quantitative values may be obtained analyzing an optical image of the same, and was the aim of the present work. As a preliminary study, images of inner lower eyelids of 7 persons were obtained using two digital cameras (Nikon DSLR and Nokia phone) under a fixed lighting condition and the haemoglobin counts in their blood were obtained using standard blood tests. Using software developed for this work, several regions of size 10x10 pixels were manually chosen to avoid areas giving strong reflections of the inc...
Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an important indicator of the nutritional index, particular... more Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an important indicator of the nutritional index, particularly of children in low resource countries of the world. It is a significant anthropometric tool with simple cut-off values which is easy to implement in large scale screening measurements. A conventional MUAC device is essentially an insertion strap and has many merits over other anthropometric measurements techniques, but a lack of reproducibility in measurements is its leading problem since the measurement depends on how strongly a person pulls the strap around an arm of the subject. The aim of the present study is to minimize this reproducibility problem. For this the existing MUAC device has been modified using a short length of an elastic band to provide a constant tension while measuring, making it a Constant Tension MUAC device. Using both the MUAC devices (conventional and CT-MUAC), data were collected from seven subjects by 70 observers (10 observers measuring one subject). Stati...
Distribution of F-latencies (DFL) is a new nerve conduction parameter introduced by our laborator... more Distribution of F-latencies (DFL) is a new nerve conduction parameter introduced by our laboratory to give a distribution of the conduction velocity (DCV) of motor nerve fibres in a peripheral nerve trunk simply as its mirror image. Earlier work revealed an association between Cervical Spondylotic (CS) neuropathy and DFL patterns obtained from the thenar muscle at the base of the thumb by artificially stimulating the median nerve. DFL froom normal subjects had a single peaked pattern, while that from subjects with CS had double or triple peaks, or a broad peak. The broad peak was suggested to be an indicator of early CS, even when the symptoms are not fully apparent. This led to some hypotheses based on physics, physiology and statistics, in order to explain such patterns. In order to verify these hypotheses, experiments need to be carried out carefully, and the present work is a step towards that goal. In this work DFL of the median nerve was obtained from 15 subjects, 6 normal, an...
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is useful clinical information containing the condition of heart. The fea... more Electrocardiogram (ECG) is useful clinical information containing the condition of heart. The features of variations in ECG signal with time-varying morphological characteristics needs to be extracted by signal processing method because these are not easily visible in the conventional graphical presents of ECG signal. Large variations of simulated normal and noise corrupted ECG signal have been extracted using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method. The FFT method found to be successful in finding the abnormalities in ECG signal.
2018 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Material and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2), 2018
Teledermatology using image processing is a method of analyzing and detecting skin-diseases merel... more Teledermatology using image processing is a method of analyzing and detecting skin-diseases merely from their images so that people living in remote areas or challenged with immobility can easily access cure for such skin problems. This paper presents a series of image processing techniques to enhance the quality and extract the features of skin disease images so as to make the affected area easy to perceive with the naked eye and detect the disease from its image by virtue of their texture values computed with statistical approach and histogram analysis. Multiple measures of improvising and analyzing an image of skin disease received from the patient have been proposed so that the dermatologist can easily identify and precisely provide correct treatment.
In a Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) study, the data acquisition is performed ... more In a Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) study, the data acquisition is performed over a relatively long time, typically in the range of 5-30 minutes. For longer period, patient movement frequently occurs in clinical procedure. This movement causes misalignment of the projection frames,which degrades the image quality. In this work, different SPECT studies by using Hoffman 3D brain phantom without motion were acquired and by using algorithm, the motion induced data were simulated from these real data. Different data without motion were acquired by using a Trionix Triad triple-head SPECT camera withthe phantom. Simulated data were evaluated and Mean Square Differences (MSD) was calculated using two differently developed algorithms. These simulated data were produced by adding projection framespartiallywith the aim to produce a new data set so that it simulates motion induced data. We calculated the MSD from the simulated data by analyzing each projection frame. The res...
For probing deep organs of the body using electrical impedance, the conventional method is to use... more For probing deep organs of the body using electrical impedance, the conventional method is to use Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). However, this would be a sophisticated machine and will be very expensive when a full 3D EIT is developed in the future. Furthermore, for most low income countries such expensive devices may not deliver the benefits to a large number of people. Therefore, this paper suggests the use of simpler techniques like Tetrapolar Impedance Measurement (TPIM) or Focused Impedance Method (FIM) in probing deeper organs. Following a method suggested earlier by one of the authors, this paper studies the possibility of using TPIM and FIM for the stomach. Using a simplified model of the human trunk with an embedded stomach, a finite element simulation package, COMSOL, was used to obtain transfer impedance values and percentage contribution of the stomach region in the total impedance. For this work, judicious placement of electrodes through qualitative visualizatio...
For probing deep organs of the body using electrical impedance, the conventional method is to use... more For probing deep organs of the body using electrical impedance, the conventional method is to use Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). However, this would be a sophisticated machine and will be very expensive when a full 3D EIT is developed in the future. Furthermore, for most low income countries such expensive devices may not deliver the benefits to a large number of people. Therefore, this paper suggests the use of simpler techniques like Tetrapolar Impedance Measurement (TPIM) or Focused Impedance Method (FIM) in probing deeper organs. Following a method suggested earlier by one of the authors, this paper studies the possibility of using TPIM and FIM for the stomach. Using a simplified model of the human trunk with an embedded stomach, a finite element simulation package, COMSOL, was used to obtain transfer impedance values and percentage contribution of the stomach region in the total impedance. For this work, judicious placement of electrodes through qualitative visualizatio...
Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is a new and simple technique of electrical bio-impedance that pro... more Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is a new and simple technique of electrical bio-impedance that provides an opportunity for localized measurement down to reasonable depths of the body surface using skin surface electrodes. Conceived by one of the authors (KSR) and developed in Bangladesh by a group led by him, FIM has potential applications in physiological study and in the detection or diagnosis of diseases and disorders. Being a simple technique, it is particularly suitable for low and medium income countries (LMIC). To obtain long term benefit from any technology it is necessary that the technology is understood and developed indigenously, particularly under the limitation of a resource limited country. Indigenous development also allows for further improvisation, innovation, and application in future. This paper presents the indigenous design and development of the electronic instrumentation necessary for the implementation of six electrode version of Focused Impedance Method (FIM...
ABSTRACT: Focused Impedance Method (FIM) based on 8, 6 and 4 electrode configurations have been i... more ABSTRACT: Focused Impedance Method (FIM) based on 8, 6 and 4 electrode configurations have been innovated and developed for measuring the electrical impedance of a localised zone in a volume conductor, all based on tetrapolar impedance technique. The zone localization in FIM has been visualized through equipotential distributions, current density at the target point and perturbation produced at the potential measuring electrodes. The predicted behaviour has been verified though phantom measurements and analytical techniques by different groups. FIM is particularly sensitive and useful if the electrical impedance of a target object in the sensitive zone changes between two sets of measurements. This can be either due to a physical change in the target object, or, if its impedance has frequency dependence, through a change in the measurement frequency. In medical applications FIM is being developed for studying stomach and bladder emptying, localized lung function, detection of cervic...
Accurate assessment of Respiratory Rate (RR) is the most important mechanism in detecting pneumon... more Accurate assessment of Respiratory Rate (RR) is the most important mechanism in detecting pneumonia in low-resource settings. Pneumonia is a disease with one of the highest mortality rates among young children under five. However, the diagnosis of pneumonia for infants remains challenging, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In such situations, RR is most often measured manually with visual inspection. Accurate RR measurement requires the child to remain calm without any stress for a few minutes. The difficulty in achieving this with a sick child in a clinical environment can result in errors and misdiagnosis, even more so when the child is crying and non-cooperating around unfamiliar adults. Therefore, we propose an automated novel RR monitoring device built with textile glove and dry electrodes which can make use of the relaxed posture when the child is resting on the carer’s lap. This portable system is non-invasive and made with affordable instrumentation integrated on customized textile glove. The glove has multi-modal automated RR detection mechanism that simultaneously uses bio-impedance and accelerometer data. This novel textile glove with dry electrodes can easily be worn by a parent/carer and is washable. The real-time display on a mobile app shows the raw data and the RR value, allowing a healthcare professional to monitor the results from afar. The prototype device has been tested on 10 volunteers with age variation of 3 years to 33 years, including male and female. The maximum variation of measured RR with the proposed system is ±2 compared to the traditional manual counting method. It does not create any discomfort for either the child or the carer and can be used up to 60 to 70 sessions/day before recharging.
2016 International Conference on Medical Engineering, Health Informatics and Technology (MediTec), 2016
This work is focused on the quantitative study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the purpos... more This work is focused on the quantitative study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the purpose of identification of brain tumor by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculations of Diffusion-weighted images (DWI). Such diffusion-based measurements of cellular response can provide additional quantitative information for tissue characterization that strengthens the diagnosis carried out by conventional T1 and T2 weighted MRI. Initially, the DWI protocol were implemented on different test subjects with 6 sets of diffusion weighting factor by using a 3T MR scanner at National Institute of Neuroscience, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Afterward, based on the discussion with radiologists and specialists, two subjects (subject number 2 and 5) with suspected brain tumor were selected from the previous pool; ADC calculations were performed on the tumor region and the normal tissues on the symmetric region of the tumor on the other hemisphere. The comparison revealed a significant difference in ADC values of both regions, thus indicating a successful detection of the brain tumor. Such quantitative analysis provides a broader diagnostic scope as an addition with routine anatomical MRI and could play a crucial role in the treatment planning for pre and post-operative condition.
This work was taken up to design a cost effective and simple domestic scale solar water distillat... more This work was taken up to design a cost effective and simple domestic scale solar water distillation device for use in the coastal villages of Bangladesh where saline free drinking water is scarce. This study mainly looked at the feasibility of using stretched transparent PVC cover in solar distillation devices in lieu of traditionally used transparent glass sheet. To increase total evaporative surface area of the bottom of stills, those were covered with black cotton fabrics with extended fibers. For the same angle of inclination (130) of the transparent cover, the average amount of distilled water produced by the transparent PVC sheet covered still was about 42% of that collected from a glass sheet covered still. The reason behind this poor performance could be traced to the increased surface adhesion of condensed water droplets with the PVC cover, which essentially scattered sunrays away from the solar still. So the way to go is to find a suitable plastic sheet material that has ...
Analysing published experimental findings this paper revealed that for myelinated nerves the cond... more Analysing published experimental findings this paper revealed that for myelinated nerves the conduction velocity (CV) increases on stretching out of the nerve, which has not been pointed out by anyone before. This apparently contradicts existing concepts since stretching out of a nerve fibre reduces its diameter which is expected to reduce the CV. Besides, the change is reversible and immediate, which cannot be explained with existing knowledge either. In order to explain this anomaly, the present work invoked a new resistance to ion flow between the nerve axon and the extracellular fluid created by interdigitated fingerlike processes of myelin sheaths coming from two sides of a node of Ranvier, analyzing published electron microscopic images. When stretched out, the gaps between the processes increase, decreasing the resistance to ion flow and thereby hastening depolarization, increasing CV in turn. The gaps close immediately on the release of the stretching force because of the pu...
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies - ISABEL '11, 2011
Abstract A new Pigeon Hole Imaging (PHI) method was conceived based on the 4-electrode Focused Im... more Abstract A new Pigeon Hole Imaging (PHI) method was conceived based on the 4-electrode Focused Impedance Method (FIM) developed by members of our group earlier. The FIM uses a group of 4 electrodes placed at the corners of a square region giving an enhanced ...
Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications, 2015
Conventional spirometry gives information on the overall ventilation of a person's lung; it c... more Conventional spirometry gives information on the overall ventilation of a person's lung; it cannot detect localized disorders in ventilation as occurring in pulmonary edema, pneumonia, tumor, TB, etc. Here we propose a new technique involving the recently developed focused impedance method (FIM) in combination with conventional spirometry to detect localized lung ventilation disorders. Electrical impedance of lung tissue changes as a function of air content and FIM provides a measurement of localized electrical impedance with sensitivity down to reasonable depths inside the body using a few surface electrodes; here we used a six-electrode version. At least four quadrants of the lungs in the frontal plane can be separately measured using a hand-held probe with spring backed skin surface electrodes. Firstly, spatial sensitivity distribution of the six-electrode FIM was obtained using finite element simulation which verified the focusing effect and its depth sensitivity. Percent ch...
Anaemia is a common disorder in which the percentage of haemoglobin in a persons blood decreases... more Anaemia is a common disorder in which the percentage of haemoglobin in a persons blood decreases below a certain level. Sometimes in medical emergency, it is necessary to know the percentage of haemoglobin of a patient and it is usually done by laboratory testing of blood drawn from a vein, which is semi-invasive and time consuming. Doctors can make a quick approximate assessment from the redness of the inner lower eyelid, but it is not quantitative. However, it suggests that quantitative values may be obtained analyzing an optical image of the same, and was the aim of the present work. As a preliminary study, images of inner lower eyelids of 7 persons were obtained using two digital cameras (Nikon DSLR and Nokia phone) under a fixed lighting condition and the haemoglobin counts in their blood were obtained using standard blood tests. Using software developed for this work, several regions of size 10x10 pixels were manually chosen to avoid areas giving strong reflections of the inc...
Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an important indicator of the nutritional index, particular... more Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an important indicator of the nutritional index, particularly of children in low resource countries of the world. It is a significant anthropometric tool with simple cut-off values which is easy to implement in large scale screening measurements. A conventional MUAC device is essentially an insertion strap and has many merits over other anthropometric measurements techniques, but a lack of reproducibility in measurements is its leading problem since the measurement depends on how strongly a person pulls the strap around an arm of the subject. The aim of the present study is to minimize this reproducibility problem. For this the existing MUAC device has been modified using a short length of an elastic band to provide a constant tension while measuring, making it a Constant Tension MUAC device. Using both the MUAC devices (conventional and CT-MUAC), data were collected from seven subjects by 70 observers (10 observers measuring one subject). Stati...
Distribution of F-latencies (DFL) is a new nerve conduction parameter introduced by our laborator... more Distribution of F-latencies (DFL) is a new nerve conduction parameter introduced by our laboratory to give a distribution of the conduction velocity (DCV) of motor nerve fibres in a peripheral nerve trunk simply as its mirror image. Earlier work revealed an association between Cervical Spondylotic (CS) neuropathy and DFL patterns obtained from the thenar muscle at the base of the thumb by artificially stimulating the median nerve. DFL froom normal subjects had a single peaked pattern, while that from subjects with CS had double or triple peaks, or a broad peak. The broad peak was suggested to be an indicator of early CS, even when the symptoms are not fully apparent. This led to some hypotheses based on physics, physiology and statistics, in order to explain such patterns. In order to verify these hypotheses, experiments need to be carried out carefully, and the present work is a step towards that goal. In this work DFL of the median nerve was obtained from 15 subjects, 6 normal, an...
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is useful clinical information containing the condition of heart. The fea... more Electrocardiogram (ECG) is useful clinical information containing the condition of heart. The features of variations in ECG signal with time-varying morphological characteristics needs to be extracted by signal processing method because these are not easily visible in the conventional graphical presents of ECG signal. Large variations of simulated normal and noise corrupted ECG signal have been extracted using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method. The FFT method found to be successful in finding the abnormalities in ECG signal.
2018 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Material and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2), 2018
Teledermatology using image processing is a method of analyzing and detecting skin-diseases merel... more Teledermatology using image processing is a method of analyzing and detecting skin-diseases merely from their images so that people living in remote areas or challenged with immobility can easily access cure for such skin problems. This paper presents a series of image processing techniques to enhance the quality and extract the features of skin disease images so as to make the affected area easy to perceive with the naked eye and detect the disease from its image by virtue of their texture values computed with statistical approach and histogram analysis. Multiple measures of improvising and analyzing an image of skin disease received from the patient have been proposed so that the dermatologist can easily identify and precisely provide correct treatment.
In a Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) study, the data acquisition is performed ... more In a Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) study, the data acquisition is performed over a relatively long time, typically in the range of 5-30 minutes. For longer period, patient movement frequently occurs in clinical procedure. This movement causes misalignment of the projection frames,which degrades the image quality. In this work, different SPECT studies by using Hoffman 3D brain phantom without motion were acquired and by using algorithm, the motion induced data were simulated from these real data. Different data without motion were acquired by using a Trionix Triad triple-head SPECT camera withthe phantom. Simulated data were evaluated and Mean Square Differences (MSD) was calculated using two differently developed algorithms. These simulated data were produced by adding projection framespartiallywith the aim to produce a new data set so that it simulates motion induced data. We calculated the MSD from the simulated data by analyzing each projection frame. The res...
For probing deep organs of the body using electrical impedance, the conventional method is to use... more For probing deep organs of the body using electrical impedance, the conventional method is to use Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). However, this would be a sophisticated machine and will be very expensive when a full 3D EIT is developed in the future. Furthermore, for most low income countries such expensive devices may not deliver the benefits to a large number of people. Therefore, this paper suggests the use of simpler techniques like Tetrapolar Impedance Measurement (TPIM) or Focused Impedance Method (FIM) in probing deeper organs. Following a method suggested earlier by one of the authors, this paper studies the possibility of using TPIM and FIM for the stomach. Using a simplified model of the human trunk with an embedded stomach, a finite element simulation package, COMSOL, was used to obtain transfer impedance values and percentage contribution of the stomach region in the total impedance. For this work, judicious placement of electrodes through qualitative visualizatio...
For probing deep organs of the body using electrical impedance, the conventional method is to use... more For probing deep organs of the body using electrical impedance, the conventional method is to use Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). However, this would be a sophisticated machine and will be very expensive when a full 3D EIT is developed in the future. Furthermore, for most low income countries such expensive devices may not deliver the benefits to a large number of people. Therefore, this paper suggests the use of simpler techniques like Tetrapolar Impedance Measurement (TPIM) or Focused Impedance Method (FIM) in probing deeper organs. Following a method suggested earlier by one of the authors, this paper studies the possibility of using TPIM and FIM for the stomach. Using a simplified model of the human trunk with an embedded stomach, a finite element simulation package, COMSOL, was used to obtain transfer impedance values and percentage contribution of the stomach region in the total impedance. For this work, judicious placement of electrodes through qualitative visualizatio...
Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is a new and simple technique of electrical bio-impedance that pro... more Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is a new and simple technique of electrical bio-impedance that provides an opportunity for localized measurement down to reasonable depths of the body surface using skin surface electrodes. Conceived by one of the authors (KSR) and developed in Bangladesh by a group led by him, FIM has potential applications in physiological study and in the detection or diagnosis of diseases and disorders. Being a simple technique, it is particularly suitable for low and medium income countries (LMIC). To obtain long term benefit from any technology it is necessary that the technology is understood and developed indigenously, particularly under the limitation of a resource limited country. Indigenous development also allows for further improvisation, innovation, and application in future. This paper presents the indigenous design and development of the electronic instrumentation necessary for the implementation of six electrode version of Focused Impedance Method (FIM...
ABSTRACT: Focused Impedance Method (FIM) based on 8, 6 and 4 electrode configurations have been i... more ABSTRACT: Focused Impedance Method (FIM) based on 8, 6 and 4 electrode configurations have been innovated and developed for measuring the electrical impedance of a localised zone in a volume conductor, all based on tetrapolar impedance technique. The zone localization in FIM has been visualized through equipotential distributions, current density at the target point and perturbation produced at the potential measuring electrodes. The predicted behaviour has been verified though phantom measurements and analytical techniques by different groups. FIM is particularly sensitive and useful if the electrical impedance of a target object in the sensitive zone changes between two sets of measurements. This can be either due to a physical change in the target object, or, if its impedance has frequency dependence, through a change in the measurement frequency. In medical applications FIM is being developed for studying stomach and bladder emptying, localized lung function, detection of cervic...
Electrooculography (EOG) is the electrical activity due to eyeball movement, recorded from the di... more Electrooculography (EOG) is the electrical activity due to eyeball movement, recorded from the different points on the face of a person. Human-Machine Interface (HMI) application based on EOG could be very helpful for the patients suffering from neural diseases like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or paralysis. In the present work a low-cost device is developed to detect and switch on or off any of 16 LEDs in a 4×4 matrix. Two EOG amplifiers have been used to detect five different movements or actions of the eyes of a user. Right, Left, Up and Down movement of the eye shifts the position of the lit LEDs while a Blinking action of the eye activates an action on that chosen LED. The scheme has been implemented using an Arduino Uno microcontroller board. This mechanism can be used in a virtual keyboard or to control machines including a wheel chair by a paralysed person. In future this technique can be used in other HMI based applications as well.
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Papers by Dr. Khondkar Siddique-e-Rabbani