Pulse Oximeter

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are gro wing into a widespread technology due to the improvement of lo w-power and low-cost wireless technology. There are a wide variety of applications, ranging fro m personal healthcare to military applicatio ns and environmental monitoring, for WSNs. Bluetooth, ZigBee, Ho meRF, IrDA and other multifarious wireless technologies could be used for co mmunication between sensors. WSN architecture supports diversified network topologies like star, mesh and hybrid star-mesh network.In this work, a heart rate monitoring system is designed with using Bluetooth based WSN. Pulse-Oximeter(SPO2) data, which is received fro m the patients , forwaded wirelessly through Arduino to the personal computer (PC) using HC-05 Bluetooth module also processed on PC. Graphical User Interface (GUI) is designed using with MATLAB p rogram to use this design without programming knowledge wh ich also enable to observe the measurements of the pulse of the heart rate, simultaneously.

Today world is globally suffered from corona (COVID-19). Till the date no proper and effective vaccines are found that gives proper relaxation from COVID-19. Pulse oximeter is the non-invasive device that can collect data of SPO2 and Heart Rate. Based on data Machine Learning have abilities to predict the corona patient's situations. The circuitry is used for making pulse oximeter is MAX30100 MODULE, NODE MCU ESP8266 WI-FI MODULE and 16*2 JHD LCD DISPLAY. The pulse oximeter data is communicated with blynk cloud platform. This Paper mainly provide facilities to predict the patient's situations with help of ML (machine learning) algorithms. This paper provides actual values and predicted values of SPO2 and Heart Rate comparison and also predicts the values of these parameters at future time with graph. This paper mainly classifies the COVID-19 Patient's conditions on normal, at risk and critical situations.

Recent research indicates that Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals carry more information than oxygen saturation level (SpO2) and can be utilized for affordable, fast, and noninvasive healthcare applications. All these encourage the researchers to estimate its feasibility as an alternative to many expansive, time-wasting, and invasive methods. This systematic review discusses the current literature on diagnostic features of PPG signal and their applications that might present a potential venue to be adapted into many health and fitness aspects of human life. The research methodology is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines 2020. To this aim, papers from 1981 to date are reviewed and categorized in terms of the healthcare application domain. Along with consolidated research areas, recent topics that are growing in popularity are also discovered. We also highlight the potential impact of using PPG signals on an individual's quality of life and public health. The state-of-the-art studies suggest that in the years to come PPG wearables will become pervasive in many fields of medical practices, and the main domains include cardiology, respiratory, neurology, and fitness. Main operation challenges, including performance and robustness obstacles, are identified.

—In this paper,we propose and demonstrate the design of a Pulse Oximeter using MSP430FG439 Microcontroller.The Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate are the two important key parameters for health monitoring of a patients.The proposed system consists of spo₂ Sensor,MSP430FG439 Pulse Oximeter board With LCD Display,PC.The oxygen saturation is calculated by measuring the ratio between the intensities of two different lights.The heart rate is calculated by measuring the elapsed time between the peaks of IR signal.The measured parameters are then transferred to a PC via Zigbee Module and displayed on lcd. Keyword-Pulse Oximeter,Heart Rate,SpO₂,MSP430FG439 Pulse Oximeter board,LCD Display,Zigbee Module. I. INTRODUCTION Health Monitoring becomes a hot topic today.The very important parameters for health monitoring are Oxygen Saturation and Heart rate.The pulse oximeter is a non-invasive medical device used for measuring Oxygen Saturation and Heart rate.Change in intensity of light transmitted through tissue due to arterial blood pulse can be measured as a voltage signal called the photoplethysmography(PPG).The developed real time pulse oximeter monitoring system consists of pair of LEDs,one in the visible red spectrum (660 nm) and the other in the infrared spectrum(940 nm). There are two methods of sending light,they are transmission and the reflectance. In the transmission method, the emitter and the photo detector are opposite of each other with the finger in-between. The light can then pass through the finger. In the reflectance method, the emitter and photodetector are next to each other on top of the measuring site.The light bounces from the emitter to the detector across the site. The Pulse Oximeter is recommended for the patients in the hospital.It is less expensive compared to other health monitoring devices.It is very widely used for new born infants in the hospital.It is used as an important care tool for monitoring patients.Remote monitoring of patients is also possible,hence Pulse Oximeters are very widely used nowadays.

COVID-19 adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2. Seperti yang dijelaskan Wang D (2020) Beberapa gejala tanda-tanda klinis antara lain demam, kelelahan, batuk kering, anoreksia, dispnea, rinore, ageusia, anosmia. untuk mengkur gejala klinis tentunya dibutuhkan pengukuran suhu, saturasi oksigen serta denyut nadi. Covid-19 menyerang sistem pernapasan seseorang sehingga dapat menyebabkan kondisi yang lebih serius seperti gagal nafas,nafas pendek atau sesak nafas seperti pneumonia.
Pasien yang positif atau suspect covid-19 tentunya tidak semua dirawat di rumah sakit. jika gejala ringan bisa melakukan perawatan mandiri didalam rumah dan melakukan karantina mandiri. Dalam kasus covid-19 ini gejala sesak nafas datang secara tiba-tiba.dan mungkin tidak tau kapan harus ke rumah sakit untuk mendapatkan penanganan intensif. Gejala sesak nafas disebabkan karena saturasi oksigen yang turun. Pengukuran saturasi oksigen dengan menggunakan alat oksimeter.
Oksimeter adalah alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur kadar oksigen maupun kepekatan oksigen dalam darah tanpa memasukkan alat apapun ke dalam tubuh. digunakan untuk mengukur saturasi oksigen dalam darah, pengukuran denyut jantung (pulse rate), serta pengukurannya ditampilkan dalam bpm (beat per minute).
Pengukuran seperti ini tentunya sangat penting bagi pasien positif covid-19 atau ODP. Tetapi oksimeter yang beredar sekarang data hanya satu arah sehingga yang bisa melihat data dalah pengguna dan orang disekitarnya.Sehingga diperlukan sebuah inovasi supaya data tersebut bisa dibaca secara dua arah, Sehingga dapat diketahui kadar oksigen,denyut nadi untuk pemantauan dan tindakan lebih lanjut jika ditemukan kadar oksigen tidak stabil sehingga mendapatkan bantuan yang mereka butuhkan serta mendapatkan informasi yang akurat tentang kondisi pasien yang terhubung dalam aplikasi rumah sakit tempat pasien rujukan covid-19.
Tentunya ini sangat membantu karena ketersediaan tempat dan tenaga medis yang kualahan menghadapi banyak pasien covid-19 sehingga bisa meringankan pekerjaan tenaga medis serta mendapatkan data pasien secara akurat dengan metode jarak jauh. Oksimeter terbaru ini juga dilengkapi dengan keypad yang bisa sebagai data pribadi pasien serta terhubung dalam aplikasi web pada rumah sakit rujukan sehingga jika pasien sudah sembuh ,oksimeter terbaru ini bisa digunakan untuk orang lain.Sehingga untuk efisiensi alat.
Alat ini juga dilengkapi sensor GPS sehingga lebih mudah untuk melacak si pengguna oksimeter tersebut. Dengan parameter saturasi oksigen dan denyut jantung tenaga medis mampu untuk melihat,mengawasi serta mengontrol pasien suspect dan positif covid-19 kesehatannya.