Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is attacked by a number of insect pests, including the adzuki bean ... more Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is attacked by a number of insect pests, including the adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.). Genetic gains from selection to infestation by adzuki bean beetle were studied using 130 chickpea genotypes in 2009/2010. The test was conducted under ambient condition in the Entomology Laboratory of Holetta, Ambo and Debre Zeit, using RCBD in 3 replications. Data on infestation and seed damage levels were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. Differences among the genotypes were mostly significant. Seed related traits generally exhibited larger heritable variations than insect related traits. The t-test revealed effective selection for almost all traits. Broad sense heritability varied from 43-76% and 0.20-11.00% for seed and insect related traits, respectively. The corresponding expected genetic gain ranged from 28-42% and 0.01-6.00% in the same order. Significant positive correlations were found among seed weight loss and three componen...
Variability of two populations of Cotesia flavipes and Chilo partellus was studied for reproducti... more Variability of two populations of Cotesia flavipes and Chilo partellus was studied for reproductive success and developmental time under laboratory conditions. Fourth instar larvae of two populations of C. partellus (Ziway and Melkasa) were exposed to a day old mated adult female of two populations of C. flavipes (Ziway and Melkasa) to study the variability in reproductive success. The developmental time of the two geographical populations of C. flavipes reared on C. partellus obtained from the two different locations was also studied under four temperatures (20°C, 25°C, 28°C and 30°C). The experiments were designed in a complete randomized design. When both the parasitoid and the host were from the same location, the number of dead larvae inside the host and dead cocoons were significantly lower (p Keywords : Cotesia flavipes ; Chilo partellus ; Melkasa population; population interaction; Ziway population. Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: pp. 177-188
2. National Horticultural Workshop of Ethiopia, …, 1994
(English) Millions of people in Ethiopia depend on root and tuber crops as their major or supplem... more (English) Millions of people in Ethiopia depend on root and tuber crops as their major or supplementary food. Root and tuber crops also give greater yield per unit of land than the major grain crops used as basic food. On small plots of land, root and tuber crops ...
American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Jan 10, 2015
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils extracted from Chenopodium ... more Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils extracted from Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.), Rosmarinus officinalis (L.), Eucalyptus globulus (Labill), Trachyspermum ammi (Sprague) and Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf) against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under laboratory condition (27±3°C, 50-70% RH ). The test insects were reared in glass jar and investigated on whole Awash-1 haricot bean variety grains. A standard insecticide, primiphos-methyl 5% dust and untreated control were included for comparison. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design in three replications. Essential oils from the above mentioned plants were admixed with the bean grains at the rate of 750 mg/150 g of seeds. The rate of primiphos-methyl was 0.125 g/150 g of seeds. The results showed that there was complete mortality (100%) of Z. subfasciatus adults within 24 hours after treatment due to C. ambrosioides, E. globulus, T. ammi and C. citratus. Application of essential oils to bean grains significantly reduced progeny production of Z. subfasciatus. Over 97% inhibition of F1 progeny production by the pest was recorded for all essential oil treatments at the highest dose of 750 mg. Application of essential oil extracts also significantly reduced the rates of haricot bean Original Research Article Degaga; AJEA, 9(1): 1-7, 2015; Article no.AJEA.16761 2 grain infestation (up to 100%) by Z. subfasciatus. Furthermore, essential oil extracts admixed to the bean grain proved to have no significant effects on the germination capacity of the treated haricot bean grains. From the current experiment it can be concluded that the tested botanicals are as effective as primiphos-methyl which gave 100% control of Z. subfasciatus and can be used for the management of the pest.
Despite the high density of epigeal termite mounds making a peculiar feature of the landscape of ... more Despite the high density of epigeal termite mounds making a peculiar feature of the landscape of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, no systematic ecological studies of termites had been conducted. Hence, this study was conducted from September 2011 to November 2012 in Dugda district of East Shawa Zone to assess termite mound density, status, and dimensions, and compare chemical properties of mound soil with adjacent soil, and the effect of mound soil on crop growth. The density of termite mounds was 9.72 mounds/ha. About 43% of the mounds were dead and they were 1.26 ± 0.09 m high with a basal diameter of 2.70 ± 0.19 m. Live mounds were 1.67 ± 0.09 m high with a basal diameter of 3.17 ± 0.67 m. A higher percentage of dead mounds were excavated by aardvarks (41%) and occupied by ants (64%) than live mounds, 21 and 24% for aardvark excavation and ant occupancy, respectively. Exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K), electrical conductivity, pH, percent organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (TN) and available K were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in mound soil than adjacent soil. Percent TN and OM, pH, and available K were significantly higher in mound perimeter than in adjacent soil. The higher accumulation of plant nutrients in mounds and their deposition in the mound perimeter by erosion have contributed to significantly higher differences in stem length, dry biomass, and yield of teff (Eragrostis teff L.) grown in the mound perimeter than on adjacent soil.
Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) became one of the most devastating insect pests for to... more Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) became one of the most devastating insect pests for tomato in the greenhouse, glasshouse and field productions. The larvae damages to the above ground parts of the plant especially leaf and fruits from seedling stage to maturity. The studies were conducted in the glasshouse and farmers fields in three different districts in Western Shawa of Central Ethiopia under irrigation conditions. The yield loss due to T. absoluta was found 87.50-100% was observed under glasshouse condition from November 2015 to June 2016 in two consecutive seasons. Crop loss assessment at different locations revealed that there was significant reduction in yield when compared with untreated control. The yield loss due to T. absoluta was in the range of 60.08% to 82.31% in West Shewa of Central Ethiopia under farmer's field conditions. However, several times application of Chlorantraniliprole (Coragen 200 SC) controlled the T. absoluta and contributed to increased ...
More than half of Africans get their livelihood from agriculture, which is also the most importan... more More than half of Africans get their livelihood from agriculture, which is also the most important enterprise and key to their economic development. Paradoxically, tropical African countries including Ethiopia are among the world leaders in food insecurity. This is not only because of inadequate food production, but also losses of grain in the pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest stages, of which, significant volumes are lost after harvest, aggravating hunger and resulting in expensive inputs being wasted. The major factors that contribute for such losses are insect pests. However, this crucial area has been neglected over the past decades than increment in production which had got more focus. Thus, such vital area has to get great attention by researchers, policy makers and any concerned bodies so as to address food insecurity problem of poor farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is attacked by a number of insect pests, including the adzuki bean ... more Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is attacked by a number of insect pests, including the adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.). Genetic gains from selection to infestation by adzuki bean beetle were studied using 130 chickpea genotypes in 2009/2010. The test was conducted under ambient condition in the Entomology Laboratory of Holetta, Ambo and Debre Zeit, using RCBD in 3 replications. Data on infestation and seed damage levels were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. Differences among the genotypes were mostly significant. Seed related traits generally exhibited larger heritable variations than insect related traits. The t-test revealed effective selection for almost all traits. Broad sense heritability varied from 43-76% and 0.20-11.00% for seed and insect related traits, respectively. The corresponding expected genetic gain ranged from 28-42% and 0.01-6.00% in the same order. Significant positive correlations were found among seed weight loss and three componen...
Variability of two populations of Cotesia flavipes and Chilo partellus was studied for reproducti... more Variability of two populations of Cotesia flavipes and Chilo partellus was studied for reproductive success and developmental time under laboratory conditions. Fourth instar larvae of two populations of C. partellus (Ziway and Melkasa) were exposed to a day old mated adult female of two populations of C. flavipes (Ziway and Melkasa) to study the variability in reproductive success. The developmental time of the two geographical populations of C. flavipes reared on C. partellus obtained from the two different locations was also studied under four temperatures (20°C, 25°C, 28°C and 30°C). The experiments were designed in a complete randomized design. When both the parasitoid and the host were from the same location, the number of dead larvae inside the host and dead cocoons were significantly lower (p Keywords : Cotesia flavipes ; Chilo partellus ; Melkasa population; population interaction; Ziway population. Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: pp. 177-188
2. National Horticultural Workshop of Ethiopia, …, 1994
(English) Millions of people in Ethiopia depend on root and tuber crops as their major or supplem... more (English) Millions of people in Ethiopia depend on root and tuber crops as their major or supplementary food. Root and tuber crops also give greater yield per unit of land than the major grain crops used as basic food. On small plots of land, root and tuber crops ...
American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Jan 10, 2015
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils extracted from Chenopodium ... more Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils extracted from Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.), Rosmarinus officinalis (L.), Eucalyptus globulus (Labill), Trachyspermum ammi (Sprague) and Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf) against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under laboratory condition (27±3°C, 50-70% RH ). The test insects were reared in glass jar and investigated on whole Awash-1 haricot bean variety grains. A standard insecticide, primiphos-methyl 5% dust and untreated control were included for comparison. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design in three replications. Essential oils from the above mentioned plants were admixed with the bean grains at the rate of 750 mg/150 g of seeds. The rate of primiphos-methyl was 0.125 g/150 g of seeds. The results showed that there was complete mortality (100%) of Z. subfasciatus adults within 24 hours after treatment due to C. ambrosioides, E. globulus, T. ammi and C. citratus. Application of essential oils to bean grains significantly reduced progeny production of Z. subfasciatus. Over 97% inhibition of F1 progeny production by the pest was recorded for all essential oil treatments at the highest dose of 750 mg. Application of essential oil extracts also significantly reduced the rates of haricot bean Original Research Article Degaga; AJEA, 9(1): 1-7, 2015; Article no.AJEA.16761 2 grain infestation (up to 100%) by Z. subfasciatus. Furthermore, essential oil extracts admixed to the bean grain proved to have no significant effects on the germination capacity of the treated haricot bean grains. From the current experiment it can be concluded that the tested botanicals are as effective as primiphos-methyl which gave 100% control of Z. subfasciatus and can be used for the management of the pest.
Despite the high density of epigeal termite mounds making a peculiar feature of the landscape of ... more Despite the high density of epigeal termite mounds making a peculiar feature of the landscape of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, no systematic ecological studies of termites had been conducted. Hence, this study was conducted from September 2011 to November 2012 in Dugda district of East Shawa Zone to assess termite mound density, status, and dimensions, and compare chemical properties of mound soil with adjacent soil, and the effect of mound soil on crop growth. The density of termite mounds was 9.72 mounds/ha. About 43% of the mounds were dead and they were 1.26 ± 0.09 m high with a basal diameter of 2.70 ± 0.19 m. Live mounds were 1.67 ± 0.09 m high with a basal diameter of 3.17 ± 0.67 m. A higher percentage of dead mounds were excavated by aardvarks (41%) and occupied by ants (64%) than live mounds, 21 and 24% for aardvark excavation and ant occupancy, respectively. Exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K), electrical conductivity, pH, percent organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (TN) and available K were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in mound soil than adjacent soil. Percent TN and OM, pH, and available K were significantly higher in mound perimeter than in adjacent soil. The higher accumulation of plant nutrients in mounds and their deposition in the mound perimeter by erosion have contributed to significantly higher differences in stem length, dry biomass, and yield of teff (Eragrostis teff L.) grown in the mound perimeter than on adjacent soil.
Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) became one of the most devastating insect pests for to... more Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) became one of the most devastating insect pests for tomato in the greenhouse, glasshouse and field productions. The larvae damages to the above ground parts of the plant especially leaf and fruits from seedling stage to maturity. The studies were conducted in the glasshouse and farmers fields in three different districts in Western Shawa of Central Ethiopia under irrigation conditions. The yield loss due to T. absoluta was found 87.50-100% was observed under glasshouse condition from November 2015 to June 2016 in two consecutive seasons. Crop loss assessment at different locations revealed that there was significant reduction in yield when compared with untreated control. The yield loss due to T. absoluta was in the range of 60.08% to 82.31% in West Shewa of Central Ethiopia under farmer's field conditions. However, several times application of Chlorantraniliprole (Coragen 200 SC) controlled the T. absoluta and contributed to increased ...
More than half of Africans get their livelihood from agriculture, which is also the most importan... more More than half of Africans get their livelihood from agriculture, which is also the most important enterprise and key to their economic development. Paradoxically, tropical African countries including Ethiopia are among the world leaders in food insecurity. This is not only because of inadequate food production, but also losses of grain in the pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest stages, of which, significant volumes are lost after harvest, aggravating hunger and resulting in expensive inputs being wasted. The major factors that contribute for such losses are insect pests. However, this crucial area has been neglected over the past decades than increment in production which had got more focus. Thus, such vital area has to get great attention by researchers, policy makers and any concerned bodies so as to address food insecurity problem of poor farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia.
Background and Objective: Butterflies are one of the largest and most important species component... more Background and Objective: Butterflies are one of the largest and most important species components of biodiversity, which can be indicators of disturbance in any area. This study carried out with the objective to examine diversity of butterflies across habitats at Menagesha-Suba state forest from July, 2012 to June, 2014. Materials and Methods: It was investigated by the use of sweep nets along transects in three types of habitats i.e., grassland, natural forest and artificial forest. Samples were taken from one of the quadrant of each transect line in each habitat every month. Morphological characteristics were used to identify species. Data were analysed using diversity indexes such as Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson's index, Margalefʼs index, Pielouʼs evenness index and Sorensenʼs similarity index. Results: The natural forest had the greatest, while the artificial forest had the lowest species and individual. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpsonʼs diversity index as well as Margalefʼs richness index indicated that the natural forest had highest diversity while the artificial forest had the lowest diversity. Family Nymphalidae was the most dominant. The highest similarity of species was observed between grassland and natural forest habitats. Conclusion: By protecting the vegetation and water resources of the area, varied sub habitats of Menagesha-Suba state forest can supports good diversity of butterflies
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be indicators of disturbance in any area. This study carried out with the objective to examine diversity of butterflies across habitats
at Menagesha-Suba state forest from July, 2012 to June, 2014. Materials and Methods: It was investigated by the use of sweep
nets along transects in three types of habitats i.e., grassland, natural forest and artificial forest. Samples were taken from one of
the quadrant of each transect line in each habitat every month. Morphological characteristics were used to identify species. Data
were analysed using diversity indexes such as Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson's index, Margalefʼs index, Pielouʼs evenness
index and Sorensenʼs similarity index. Results: The natural forest had the greatest, while the artificial forest had the lowest species
and individual. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpsonʼs diversity index as well as Margalefʼs richness index indicated that the
natural forest had highest diversity while the artificial forest had the lowest diversity. Family Nymphalidae was the most dominant.
The highest similarity of species was observed between grassland and natural forest habitats. Conclusion: By protecting the
vegetation and water resources of the area, varied sub habitats of Menagesha-Suba state forest can supports good diversity of
butterflies