At present (in 1999) there are approximately 1.5 million semi-domesticated and 1.3 million wild r... more At present (in 1999) there are approximately 1.5 million semi-domesticated and 1.3 million wild reindeer in Russia. The co-existence of these two forms remains a major problem. Reindeer herding has declined while the number of wild reindeer has increased during the last 10 years. The main causes of these changes are social and economic. The 1960s and 1970s were characterised by a deliberate attempt to eradicate the nomadic way of life of reindeer herders. It was relatively easy to introduce public (kolkhoz or sovkhoz) reindeer herding in the Nenets, Chukchi and Komi-Izhem areas where large-scale reindeer herding was typical and, as a result, there were almost 1 million reindeer in collectives in the extreme north-eastern part of the USSR. At the same time reindeer herding deteriorated among the Khanty, Mansi, Evenk, Even, Selkup peoples. Perestroika in the 1990s resulted in the formation of a market economy. Collective reindeer herding declined and the number of semi-domesticated re...
There are approximately 2.2 million domestic and 1 million wild reindeer in the USSR today. It is... more There are approximately 2.2 million domestic and 1 million wild reindeer in the USSR today. It is unlikely that the number of domestic reindeer will increase further but there is a tendency for further growth in several large populations of wild reindeer. All middle-sized and small populations of wild reindeer need protection. During the whole initial period of penetration and adaptation of man to the north, the life of ancient inhabitants was closely linked to hunting wild reindeer. Neolithic relics of North Eurasia witness the wide distribution of a relatively monotonous Stone Age reindeer hunting culture. Domestication of reindeer began not less than a thousand years ago. Large-scale reindeer husbandry developed only 300-400 years ago and prospered for about 200 years. Social changes impeded its development after the 1950s, resulting in the restoration of wild riendeer herds.
... Harris, RB, Fancy, SG, Douglas, DC, Garner, GW, Amstrup, SC, McCabe, TR and Pank, LF. 1990. T... more ... Harris, RB, Fancy, SG, Douglas, DC, Garner, GW, Amstrup, SC, McCabe, TR and Pank, LF. 1990. Tracking wildlife by satellite: current systems and performance. US Fish and Wildlife Service Technical Report 30, Washington, DC; Hodges, JI and Eldridge, WD. 2001. ...
ABSTRACT During summer 1991, lemmings occurred at high densities in Arctic tundra at Pronchishche... more ABSTRACT During summer 1991, lemmings occurred at high densities in Arctic tundra at Pronchishcheva Lake in the northeastern Taimyr Peninsula, whereas, in 1992, lemming densities were substantially lower and decreased further during the summer. In 1991, avian predators such as Snowy Owls Nyctea scandiaca, gulls and skuas bred well; Arctic foxes Alopex lagopus were rarely observed in the study area but bred in the immediate vicinity. In both years there was a late thaw, but this did not deter breeding by birds. The insect food supply for waders showed similar patterns of abundance in both years. In 1991, 73 nests of nine species of wader were found within a 14-km2 study area, and Dark-bellied Brent Geese Branta bernicla bernicla nested in association with Snowy Owls. The overall density of wader nests was estimated to be 7 per km2. Clutches disappeared at only two wader nests and no Brent Goose nests, and the Mayfield estimate of the daily probability of predation for waders was 0.0022. In contrast, the daily probability of predation was 0.20 in 1992, when there was a similar breeding density of waders. Arctic foxes were seen searching for food daily within the study area, and fox droppings were found associated with nests taken by predators. The predicted scenarios for peak and decreasing lemming years (the Roselaar-Summers hypothesis), i.e. low predation and high nest success in the peak year and high predation and low nest success in the decreasing year, therefore occurred.
Page 1. ECOGRAPHY 21: 573-580. Copenhagen 1998 The breeding productivity of dark-bellied brent ge... more Page 1. ECOGRAPHY 21: 573-580. Copenhagen 1998 The breeding productivity of dark-bellied brent geese and curlew sandpipers in relation to changes in the numbers of arctic foxes and lemmings on the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia ...
... revealed in Indigirka, Yakutia Evgeny E. Syroechkovski, Jr. Russian Acad. ... Threatened Wate... more ... revealed in Indigirka, Yakutia Evgeny E. Syroechkovski, Jr. Russian Acad. ... Threatened Waterfowl Specialist Group News No. 11:3840 Kretchmar AV, Andreev AV & Kondratiev A. Ya. 1991: Birds of northern plains, Leningrad, Nauka: 1-288. Labutin Yu. ...
Syroechkovski, E.E. Jr. & Lappo, E.G. 1994. Migration phenology of waders (Charadrii) on the ... more Syroechkovski, E.E. Jr. & Lappo, E.G. 1994. Migration phenology of waders (Charadrii) on the Taimyr Peninsula, northern Russia. Ostrich 65:181–190.Palearctic waders from six flyways breed on the Taimyr Peninsula. They can be observed in winter from Europe to South Africa and Australia. The interval between pre- and postbreeding movements of waders in Taimyr is short. Breeding waders, which spend from 50–70 days on the tundra have a arrival tight schedule, dependent mostly on weather conditions. Most species arrive during the first half of June, with the more northern areas occupied several days later than southern areas. However, Turnstone, Dunlin and Curlew Sandpiper arrive in the optimal art of their breeding ground first, and subsequently occupy sup-optimal areas to the north and the south. In autumn waders migrate in small groups across the tundra. The schedule depends greatly on the breeding success of the year. Large numbers of Ruff and Bartailed Godwit concentrate in high arctic areas, 300–500 km north of their breeding grounds, before commencing southwards migration. Autumn concentrations of waders in intertidal areas are rare.
The spoon-billed sandpiper is endemic of the northern Russian Far East and one of the rarest wade... more The spoon-billed sandpiper is endemic of the northern Russian Far East and one of the rarest wader species in the world. During a field survey (summer 2002) of the coast of Kolyuchinskaya Bay and in lagoons located to the east, it was discovered that the species breeding population has declined by 3–5 times since the 1970s and amounted to only
... Arctic foxes Alopex Zagopus in the Taimyr Peninsula, Russia, and the breeding productivity of... more ... Arctic foxes Alopex Zagopus in the Taimyr Peninsula, Russia, and the breeding productivity of migratory waders (Charadrii) and Dark-bel-lied Brent Geese Brunta ... Summers & Underhill 1987, Underhill 1987,1988, in press, Gromadzka 1988, Martin & Baird 1988, Parkin 1988. ...
Page 1. ECOGRAPHY 21: 573-580. Copenhagen 1998 The breeding productivity of dark-bellied brent ge... more Page 1. ECOGRAPHY 21: 573-580. Copenhagen 1998 The breeding productivity of dark-bellied brent geese and curlew sandpipers in relation to changes in the numbers of arctic foxes and lemmings on the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia ...
At present (in 1999) there are approximately 1.5 million semi-domesticated and 1.3 million wild r... more At present (in 1999) there are approximately 1.5 million semi-domesticated and 1.3 million wild reindeer in Russia. The co-existence of these two forms remains a major problem. Reindeer herding has declined while the number of wild reindeer has increased during the last 10 years. The main causes of these changes are social and economic. The 1960s and 1970s were characterised by a deliberate attempt to eradicate the nomadic way of life of reindeer herders. It was relatively easy to introduce public (kolkhoz or sovkhoz) reindeer herding in the Nenets, Chukchi and Komi-Izhem areas where large-scale reindeer herding was typical and, as a result, there were almost 1 million reindeer in collectives in the extreme north-eastern part of the USSR. At the same time reindeer herding deteriorated among the Khanty, Mansi, Evenk, Even, Selkup peoples. Perestroika in the 1990s resulted in the formation of a market economy. Collective reindeer herding declined and the number of semi-domesticated re...
There are approximately 2.2 million domestic and 1 million wild reindeer in the USSR today. It is... more There are approximately 2.2 million domestic and 1 million wild reindeer in the USSR today. It is unlikely that the number of domestic reindeer will increase further but there is a tendency for further growth in several large populations of wild reindeer. All middle-sized and small populations of wild reindeer need protection. During the whole initial period of penetration and adaptation of man to the north, the life of ancient inhabitants was closely linked to hunting wild reindeer. Neolithic relics of North Eurasia witness the wide distribution of a relatively monotonous Stone Age reindeer hunting culture. Domestication of reindeer began not less than a thousand years ago. Large-scale reindeer husbandry developed only 300-400 years ago and prospered for about 200 years. Social changes impeded its development after the 1950s, resulting in the restoration of wild riendeer herds.
... Harris, RB, Fancy, SG, Douglas, DC, Garner, GW, Amstrup, SC, McCabe, TR and Pank, LF. 1990. T... more ... Harris, RB, Fancy, SG, Douglas, DC, Garner, GW, Amstrup, SC, McCabe, TR and Pank, LF. 1990. Tracking wildlife by satellite: current systems and performance. US Fish and Wildlife Service Technical Report 30, Washington, DC; Hodges, JI and Eldridge, WD. 2001. ...
ABSTRACT During summer 1991, lemmings occurred at high densities in Arctic tundra at Pronchishche... more ABSTRACT During summer 1991, lemmings occurred at high densities in Arctic tundra at Pronchishcheva Lake in the northeastern Taimyr Peninsula, whereas, in 1992, lemming densities were substantially lower and decreased further during the summer. In 1991, avian predators such as Snowy Owls Nyctea scandiaca, gulls and skuas bred well; Arctic foxes Alopex lagopus were rarely observed in the study area but bred in the immediate vicinity. In both years there was a late thaw, but this did not deter breeding by birds. The insect food supply for waders showed similar patterns of abundance in both years. In 1991, 73 nests of nine species of wader were found within a 14-km2 study area, and Dark-bellied Brent Geese Branta bernicla bernicla nested in association with Snowy Owls. The overall density of wader nests was estimated to be 7 per km2. Clutches disappeared at only two wader nests and no Brent Goose nests, and the Mayfield estimate of the daily probability of predation for waders was 0.0022. In contrast, the daily probability of predation was 0.20 in 1992, when there was a similar breeding density of waders. Arctic foxes were seen searching for food daily within the study area, and fox droppings were found associated with nests taken by predators. The predicted scenarios for peak and decreasing lemming years (the Roselaar-Summers hypothesis), i.e. low predation and high nest success in the peak year and high predation and low nest success in the decreasing year, therefore occurred.
Page 1. ECOGRAPHY 21: 573-580. Copenhagen 1998 The breeding productivity of dark-bellied brent ge... more Page 1. ECOGRAPHY 21: 573-580. Copenhagen 1998 The breeding productivity of dark-bellied brent geese and curlew sandpipers in relation to changes in the numbers of arctic foxes and lemmings on the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia ...
... revealed in Indigirka, Yakutia Evgeny E. Syroechkovski, Jr. Russian Acad. ... Threatened Wate... more ... revealed in Indigirka, Yakutia Evgeny E. Syroechkovski, Jr. Russian Acad. ... Threatened Waterfowl Specialist Group News No. 11:3840 Kretchmar AV, Andreev AV & Kondratiev A. Ya. 1991: Birds of northern plains, Leningrad, Nauka: 1-288. Labutin Yu. ...
Syroechkovski, E.E. Jr. & Lappo, E.G. 1994. Migration phenology of waders (Charadrii) on the ... more Syroechkovski, E.E. Jr. & Lappo, E.G. 1994. Migration phenology of waders (Charadrii) on the Taimyr Peninsula, northern Russia. Ostrich 65:181–190.Palearctic waders from six flyways breed on the Taimyr Peninsula. They can be observed in winter from Europe to South Africa and Australia. The interval between pre- and postbreeding movements of waders in Taimyr is short. Breeding waders, which spend from 50–70 days on the tundra have a arrival tight schedule, dependent mostly on weather conditions. Most species arrive during the first half of June, with the more northern areas occupied several days later than southern areas. However, Turnstone, Dunlin and Curlew Sandpiper arrive in the optimal art of their breeding ground first, and subsequently occupy sup-optimal areas to the north and the south. In autumn waders migrate in small groups across the tundra. The schedule depends greatly on the breeding success of the year. Large numbers of Ruff and Bartailed Godwit concentrate in high arctic areas, 300–500 km north of their breeding grounds, before commencing southwards migration. Autumn concentrations of waders in intertidal areas are rare.
The spoon-billed sandpiper is endemic of the northern Russian Far East and one of the rarest wade... more The spoon-billed sandpiper is endemic of the northern Russian Far East and one of the rarest wader species in the world. During a field survey (summer 2002) of the coast of Kolyuchinskaya Bay and in lagoons located to the east, it was discovered that the species breeding population has declined by 3–5 times since the 1970s and amounted to only
... Arctic foxes Alopex Zagopus in the Taimyr Peninsula, Russia, and the breeding productivity of... more ... Arctic foxes Alopex Zagopus in the Taimyr Peninsula, Russia, and the breeding productivity of migratory waders (Charadrii) and Dark-bel-lied Brent Geese Brunta ... Summers & Underhill 1987, Underhill 1987,1988, in press, Gromadzka 1988, Martin & Baird 1988, Parkin 1988. ...
Page 1. ECOGRAPHY 21: 573-580. Copenhagen 1998 The breeding productivity of dark-bellied brent ge... more Page 1. ECOGRAPHY 21: 573-580. Copenhagen 1998 The breeding productivity of dark-bellied brent geese and curlew sandpipers in relation to changes in the numbers of arctic foxes and lemmings on the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia ...
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