E.N. Dobrynina, Corpus of Greek Illuminated Manuscripts in Russian Collections, Volume I. Manuscr... more E.N. Dobrynina, Corpus of Greek Illuminated Manuscripts in Russian Collections, Volume I. Manuscripts of the 9th – 10th cc. at the State Historical Museum. Part 1. Moscow: Scanrus, 2013, 440 pp., 218 ill. (in Russian, with Introduction in English). This publication is the first comprehensive description of Greek illuminated manuscripts at the State Historical Museum collection. All descriptions are accompanied by articles with scientific-research content and illustrative material, with reproductions of manuscript decoration and examples of script. The publication is intended for art historians and Byzantine scholars, specialists in the field of Greek palaeography, codicology, textology and liturgistics, and for all those interested in the history of the medieval manuscript book.
The issue considers the problems of research of the Old Russian, Greek, Latin and other manuscrip... more The issue considers the problems of research of the Old Russian, Greek, Latin and other manuscripts, among them are the palaeography, codicology and history of art. Special attention is paid to technical and technological aspects of medieval manuscripts and methods of its conservation. ISBN 978-5-6040634-4-4-6
Новый Завет с Псалтирью: Греческая иллюминированная рукопись из собрания Государственного Историч... more Новый Завет с Псалтирью: Греческая иллюминированная рукопись из собрания Государственного Исторического музея. Сб. статей / cост. и отв. ред. Э.Н. Добрынина (Исследование и реставрация одного памятника. Вып. 10). М., 2014 (на русск. и англ. яз.)
«Средневековые книжные центры: местные традиции и межрегиональные связи»: Труды международной кон... more «Средневековые книжные центры: местные традиции и межрегиональные связи»: Труды международной конференции, Москва, 5–7 сентября 2005 г. / сост. и отв. ред. Э.Н. Добрынина. М., 2009
Деяния и Послания апостолов: греческая иллюминированная рукопись 1072 г. из собрания Научной библ... more Деяния и Послания апостолов: греческая иллюминированная рукопись 1072 г. из собрания Научной библиотеки Московского Университет: сб. статей / ред.-сост. Э.Н. Добрынина (Исследование и реставрация одного памятника. Вып. IV). Москва, 2004 (на русск. и англ. яз.).
By I.P. Mokretsova, M.M. Naumova, V.N. Kireyeva, E.N. Dobrynina, B.L. Fonkitch.The book treats th... more By I.P. Mokretsova, M.M. Naumova, V.N. Kireyeva, E.N. Dobrynina, B.L. Fonkitch.The book treats the insufficiently explored field of medieval art history and codicology – production of manuscripts in Byzantium, the methods, materials and instruments of Greek illuminators. Suggested information is based on medieval iconographical and documentary data (technological treatises) as well as on the present scarce studies on medieval technological problems, where the Byzantine tradition as a rule is rarely affected; so the principal source of this book became the experience of authors, who participated in the process of treatment of Byzantine manuscripts in the State Research Institute for Restoration in Moscow. An Appendix to the main text of the book is a descriptive catalogue of 22 treated Byzantine manuscripts which includes the results of observation and analysis of each codex.
Aprakos Gospels from the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Collected articles (Research ... more Aprakos Gospels from the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Collected articles (Research on and Restoration of a Masterpiece. Vol. I), ed. by E.N.Dobrynina, Moscow, Grabar Art Conservation Centre, 2002.
Альтернативные графемы в акцентирующем маюскуле и писец A-Ι группы иллюминированных рукописей bou... more Альтернативные графемы в акцентирующем маюскуле и писец A-Ι группы иллюминированных рукописей bouletée élancée // Вестник сектора древнерусского искусства. 2024. №1. С. 12–26. Ил. 1–11
Among more than two hundred Greek manuscripts in minuscule bouletée, M.L. Agati identified a group of nine codices written by “scribe A” (Scriba A) and characterized his handwriting as bouletée élancée: Athos, Vatopedi 108; Vat. Barb. gr. 310, fol. 8r–111v; Kalabryta, Μονὴ μεγάλου σπηλαίου, 1 (now lost); Leucosia, Ἀρχιεπ. Βιβλ. 25; Moscow, SHM, Syn. gr. 99 (Vlad. 99); Paris, BNF, gr. 480; Paris, BNF, gr. 713 + Suppl. gr. 240 (fol. 238r–241v); Patmos, 43; Patmos, 44. However, the attribution of these manuscripts to one hand is questionable. Based on palaeographic analysis, it is proposed to exclude from this group at least two manuscripts that were created by another calligrapher, whom we conventionally named “scribe A-I”. These are the Homilies of John Chrysostom, Syn. gr. 99 (Vlad. 99) and the Homilies of Basil of Caesarea, Paris, BNF, gr. 480. Apart from the distinctive features of the handwriting, this conclusion is confirmed by details of the ornament and unity of style and typology of decoration. In addition, the article focuses on a new attributional feature that distinguishes the writing style of scribe A-I: the unsystematic use of an alternative grapheme (delta Latina) in titles and quotations written in majuscule. The phenomenon of interlingual use of a single grapheme in Auszeichnungs-majuskel is considered as a previously unexamined way of visual intensification of its function.
The article presents new data on the history of seven manuscripts from the collection of the Russ... more The article presents new data on the history of seven manuscripts from the collection of the Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople, received in 1931 by the Library of the Academy of Sciences: RAIK 42, 51, 77, 113, 116, 125, 164. On the basis of Greek sources and the identification of the library’s seal, it is concluded that these manuscripts belonged to the “Ephoria of the schools of Larissa” in 1872 and were subsequently acquired by RAIK members or their unknown intermediaries. The seals found in RAIK 51 and 113 are previously unknown evidence of their existence in Larissa after the destruction of the library of the Holy Trinity (or St. Dionysius) monastery on Mount Olympus.
in: Montfaucon: Études de paléographie, de codicologie et de diplomatique, vol. 8, ed. M.V. Bibik... more in: Montfaucon: Études de paléographie, de codicologie et de diplomatique, vol. 8, ed. M.V. Bibikov, Moscou 2022, pp. 177–183 (in Russian)
The main corpus of texts in the Khludov Psalter consists of two layers: the lower, uncial layer written in the mid-9th century, and the minuscule layer dated to the mid-14th century. The illustrative complex to which the miniatures, the inscriptions to miniatures and the reference marks belong represents an extensive pictorial commentary to the Psalter from the time of its creation. Information about the second stage of work on commentary to the Psalms has also been preserved in the Khludov Psalter on ff. 2, 11v, 43, 58v and 137v, added in minuscule by the scribe responsible for the upper layer when the uncial text was rewritten. The following questions are discussed in the paper: 1) to what extent the later scholia correspond to the commentary of the earlier period, i.e. to the miniatures and their inscriptions; 2) which of the numerous interpretations of the Psalms were favoured in the milieu where the Khludov Psalter was rewritten; 3) which parts of the Psalter required explanation for readers of the manuscript, in the opinion of the 14th-century scholiographer. Particular attention is paid to the two commentaries of different periods on Ps. 59:6 (f. 58v): the sources on which the subject of the miniature was based are examined, as well as the shift of semantic emphasis in scholia of the second period.
A pdf file of the article is available by request.
The article presents a handwriting analysis o... more A pdf file of the article is available by request.
The article presents a handwriting analysis of two Greek patristic miscellanies: the Orations of Gregory the Theologian Mosq. Synod. gr. 62 (Vlad. 145) and Homilies of John Chrysostom Sinait. gr. 360. It is concluded that the main minuscule text, majuscule titles, headings and running titles in both codices can be ascribed to a single hand (scribe S), and the decoration to a single artist. Scribe S is identified with the scribe responsible for the colophon of 970, as well as the running titles and titles in the miscellany Orations of Basil the Great Par. gr. 497, the main text of which was copied by protospatharios Niketas in the year 966. The artist of the Synodal and Sinai miscellanies also produced the illumination in Par. gr. 497. As a result of this research we established that the three manuscripts are linked to one scriptorium, probably a court workshop, while a date of circa 970 was ascribed to Sinait. gr. 360 and Synod. gr. 62. Based on study of the colophon on f. 321v and the inscription on f. 329v in Par. gr. 497, assumptions were made on the donation to and subsequent presence of this manuscript in the monastery of Great Martyr Saint George, Agios Georgios Oriatos (Rigati) in Morphou, Cyprus.
A pdf file of the article is available by request.
Zusammenfassung:
Der Grundbestand der Texte ... more A pdf file of the article is available by request.
Zusammenfassung:
Der Grundbestand der Texte im Chludov Psalter besteht aus zwei Schichten: die untere Unzialschicht, gemacht in der Mitte des 9ten Jhs, und die obere Minuskelschicht, datiert von der Mitte des 14ten Jhs. Das Anschauungsmaterial, das Miniaturen, Unterschriften zu diesen Miniaturen und Verweismarken enthält, stellt der umfangreiche Bildkommentar zum Psalter aus der Zeit seiner Schaffung dar. Im Chludov Psalter sind auch die Angaben über die zweite Periode der Kommentierung der Psalmen auf fol. 2, 11v, 43, 58v und 137v erhalten, ausgeführt in Minuskel vom Schreiber der oberen Schicht im Verlaufe der Renovierung des Unzialtextes im 14ten Jh.
In diesem Beitrag werden folgende Fragen erörtert: 1) inwieweit stehen die späteren Scholien in Beziehung zum Kommentar der früheren Periode, d.h. zu den Miniaturen und ihren Unterschriften; 2) welche aus den zahlreichen Psalterdeutungen waren aktuell in jenem Milieu, wo der Chludov Psalter renoviert war; 3) welche Textstellen des Psalters bedurften eine Erläuterung für den Leser der Handschrift nach der Meinung des Scholiengraphen des 14ten Jhs. Eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit ist zwei Kommentaren aus verschiedener Zeit zu Ps. 59: 6-9 (fol. 58v) gewidmet: es werden die Quellen geprüft, worauf das Thema der Miniatur basiert ist, sowie die Verschiebung des semantischen Akzentes in den Scholien der zweiten Periode.
// Вестник сектора древнерусского искусства / отв. ред. А.Л. Баталов. №2. 2020. С. 112–128. ISSN ... more // Вестник сектора древнерусского искусства / отв. ред. А.Л. Баталов. №2. 2020. С. 112–128. ISSN 2658-543X The article describes the now-lost minuscule codex, three fragments of which are kept in the collections of Paris and Moscow. The handwriting of ‘tipo Anastasio’ and transitional features in decoration allow us to date the partially reconstructed codex to the late 9th – early 10th centuries. So the previously unknown fragment of the ‘Finding of the Holy Cross and nails’ of Menander the Protector, which was identified in Mosq. Syn gr. 73 belongs to the earliest copies of this text.
A pdf file of the article is available by request.
Summary: As it was believed earlier, the diacr... more A pdf file of the article is available by request. Summary: As it was believed earlier, the diacritical marks in Codex H belong to the upper ink layer, although the period when these were written has not been established. The article gives new data confirmed that the diacritics were written with two different kinds of ink, which belong to the lower and upper layers, and proves that the original main text in Codex H was accentuated. Therefore, an accepted dating of Codex H to the 6th to 7th cc. has to be changed to the period from the end of 8th to 9th c.
in: Manuscript Research and Restoration: Procedings-2019, M. V. Korogodina (ed.), St. Petersburg,... more in: Manuscript Research and Restoration: Procedings-2019, M. V. Korogodina (ed.), St. Petersburg, 2020, p. 28–38 [=Исследование и реставрация рукописей: Материалы конференции – 2019 [Санкт-Петербург, 17-18 сентября, 2019 г.] / отв. ред. М.В. Корогодина. СПб., 2020. С. 28–38] Old Russian Gospel Aprakos (Siysky Gospel) is the earliest dated illuminated manuscript originated from Moscow. Since 2017 it undergoes restoration at the Department for Scientific Research and Restoration of Parchment Manuscripts of the Grabar Art Conservation Centre.Regardless of this a separate miniature ‘The Adoration of the Magi’ housed at the State Russian Museum, is now under the conservation process (restorer Eugenia Shchukina). According to Olga Popova assumption outspoken in 1975, this miniature originally belonged to the Siysky Gospel. A team of authors from different institutions banded together for more detailed investigation of the paint layer, painting techniques and artistic style both the miniature and the codex. Physical and chemical methods of analysis were undertaken for this purpose. The paper will focuses on the results of the study.
E.N. Dobrynina, Corpus of Greek Illuminated Manuscripts in Russian Collections, Volume I. Manuscr... more E.N. Dobrynina, Corpus of Greek Illuminated Manuscripts in Russian Collections, Volume I. Manuscripts of the 9th – 10th cc. at the State Historical Museum. Part 1. Moscow: Scanrus, 2013, 440 pp., 218 ill. (in Russian, with Introduction in English). This publication is the first comprehensive description of Greek illuminated manuscripts at the State Historical Museum collection. All descriptions are accompanied by articles with scientific-research content and illustrative material, with reproductions of manuscript decoration and examples of script. The publication is intended for art historians and Byzantine scholars, specialists in the field of Greek palaeography, codicology, textology and liturgistics, and for all those interested in the history of the medieval manuscript book.
The issue considers the problems of research of the Old Russian, Greek, Latin and other manuscrip... more The issue considers the problems of research of the Old Russian, Greek, Latin and other manuscripts, among them are the palaeography, codicology and history of art. Special attention is paid to technical and technological aspects of medieval manuscripts and methods of its conservation. ISBN 978-5-6040634-4-4-6
Новый Завет с Псалтирью: Греческая иллюминированная рукопись из собрания Государственного Историч... more Новый Завет с Псалтирью: Греческая иллюминированная рукопись из собрания Государственного Исторического музея. Сб. статей / cост. и отв. ред. Э.Н. Добрынина (Исследование и реставрация одного памятника. Вып. 10). М., 2014 (на русск. и англ. яз.)
«Средневековые книжные центры: местные традиции и межрегиональные связи»: Труды международной кон... more «Средневековые книжные центры: местные традиции и межрегиональные связи»: Труды международной конференции, Москва, 5–7 сентября 2005 г. / сост. и отв. ред. Э.Н. Добрынина. М., 2009
Деяния и Послания апостолов: греческая иллюминированная рукопись 1072 г. из собрания Научной библ... more Деяния и Послания апостолов: греческая иллюминированная рукопись 1072 г. из собрания Научной библиотеки Московского Университет: сб. статей / ред.-сост. Э.Н. Добрынина (Исследование и реставрация одного памятника. Вып. IV). Москва, 2004 (на русск. и англ. яз.).
By I.P. Mokretsova, M.M. Naumova, V.N. Kireyeva, E.N. Dobrynina, B.L. Fonkitch.The book treats th... more By I.P. Mokretsova, M.M. Naumova, V.N. Kireyeva, E.N. Dobrynina, B.L. Fonkitch.The book treats the insufficiently explored field of medieval art history and codicology – production of manuscripts in Byzantium, the methods, materials and instruments of Greek illuminators. Suggested information is based on medieval iconographical and documentary data (technological treatises) as well as on the present scarce studies on medieval technological problems, where the Byzantine tradition as a rule is rarely affected; so the principal source of this book became the experience of authors, who participated in the process of treatment of Byzantine manuscripts in the State Research Institute for Restoration in Moscow. An Appendix to the main text of the book is a descriptive catalogue of 22 treated Byzantine manuscripts which includes the results of observation and analysis of each codex.
Aprakos Gospels from the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Collected articles (Research ... more Aprakos Gospels from the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Collected articles (Research on and Restoration of a Masterpiece. Vol. I), ed. by E.N.Dobrynina, Moscow, Grabar Art Conservation Centre, 2002.
Альтернативные графемы в акцентирующем маюскуле и писец A-Ι группы иллюминированных рукописей bou... more Альтернативные графемы в акцентирующем маюскуле и писец A-Ι группы иллюминированных рукописей bouletée élancée // Вестник сектора древнерусского искусства. 2024. №1. С. 12–26. Ил. 1–11
Among more than two hundred Greek manuscripts in minuscule bouletée, M.L. Agati identified a group of nine codices written by “scribe A” (Scriba A) and characterized his handwriting as bouletée élancée: Athos, Vatopedi 108; Vat. Barb. gr. 310, fol. 8r–111v; Kalabryta, Μονὴ μεγάλου σπηλαίου, 1 (now lost); Leucosia, Ἀρχιεπ. Βιβλ. 25; Moscow, SHM, Syn. gr. 99 (Vlad. 99); Paris, BNF, gr. 480; Paris, BNF, gr. 713 + Suppl. gr. 240 (fol. 238r–241v); Patmos, 43; Patmos, 44. However, the attribution of these manuscripts to one hand is questionable. Based on palaeographic analysis, it is proposed to exclude from this group at least two manuscripts that were created by another calligrapher, whom we conventionally named “scribe A-I”. These are the Homilies of John Chrysostom, Syn. gr. 99 (Vlad. 99) and the Homilies of Basil of Caesarea, Paris, BNF, gr. 480. Apart from the distinctive features of the handwriting, this conclusion is confirmed by details of the ornament and unity of style and typology of decoration. In addition, the article focuses on a new attributional feature that distinguishes the writing style of scribe A-I: the unsystematic use of an alternative grapheme (delta Latina) in titles and quotations written in majuscule. The phenomenon of interlingual use of a single grapheme in Auszeichnungs-majuskel is considered as a previously unexamined way of visual intensification of its function.
The article presents new data on the history of seven manuscripts from the collection of the Russ... more The article presents new data on the history of seven manuscripts from the collection of the Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople, received in 1931 by the Library of the Academy of Sciences: RAIK 42, 51, 77, 113, 116, 125, 164. On the basis of Greek sources and the identification of the library’s seal, it is concluded that these manuscripts belonged to the “Ephoria of the schools of Larissa” in 1872 and were subsequently acquired by RAIK members or their unknown intermediaries. The seals found in RAIK 51 and 113 are previously unknown evidence of their existence in Larissa after the destruction of the library of the Holy Trinity (or St. Dionysius) monastery on Mount Olympus.
in: Montfaucon: Études de paléographie, de codicologie et de diplomatique, vol. 8, ed. M.V. Bibik... more in: Montfaucon: Études de paléographie, de codicologie et de diplomatique, vol. 8, ed. M.V. Bibikov, Moscou 2022, pp. 177–183 (in Russian)
The main corpus of texts in the Khludov Psalter consists of two layers: the lower, uncial layer written in the mid-9th century, and the minuscule layer dated to the mid-14th century. The illustrative complex to which the miniatures, the inscriptions to miniatures and the reference marks belong represents an extensive pictorial commentary to the Psalter from the time of its creation. Information about the second stage of work on commentary to the Psalms has also been preserved in the Khludov Psalter on ff. 2, 11v, 43, 58v and 137v, added in minuscule by the scribe responsible for the upper layer when the uncial text was rewritten. The following questions are discussed in the paper: 1) to what extent the later scholia correspond to the commentary of the earlier period, i.e. to the miniatures and their inscriptions; 2) which of the numerous interpretations of the Psalms were favoured in the milieu where the Khludov Psalter was rewritten; 3) which parts of the Psalter required explanation for readers of the manuscript, in the opinion of the 14th-century scholiographer. Particular attention is paid to the two commentaries of different periods on Ps. 59:6 (f. 58v): the sources on which the subject of the miniature was based are examined, as well as the shift of semantic emphasis in scholia of the second period.
A pdf file of the article is available by request.
The article presents a handwriting analysis o... more A pdf file of the article is available by request.
The article presents a handwriting analysis of two Greek patristic miscellanies: the Orations of Gregory the Theologian Mosq. Synod. gr. 62 (Vlad. 145) and Homilies of John Chrysostom Sinait. gr. 360. It is concluded that the main minuscule text, majuscule titles, headings and running titles in both codices can be ascribed to a single hand (scribe S), and the decoration to a single artist. Scribe S is identified with the scribe responsible for the colophon of 970, as well as the running titles and titles in the miscellany Orations of Basil the Great Par. gr. 497, the main text of which was copied by protospatharios Niketas in the year 966. The artist of the Synodal and Sinai miscellanies also produced the illumination in Par. gr. 497. As a result of this research we established that the three manuscripts are linked to one scriptorium, probably a court workshop, while a date of circa 970 was ascribed to Sinait. gr. 360 and Synod. gr. 62. Based on study of the colophon on f. 321v and the inscription on f. 329v in Par. gr. 497, assumptions were made on the donation to and subsequent presence of this manuscript in the monastery of Great Martyr Saint George, Agios Georgios Oriatos (Rigati) in Morphou, Cyprus.
A pdf file of the article is available by request.
Zusammenfassung:
Der Grundbestand der Texte ... more A pdf file of the article is available by request.
Zusammenfassung:
Der Grundbestand der Texte im Chludov Psalter besteht aus zwei Schichten: die untere Unzialschicht, gemacht in der Mitte des 9ten Jhs, und die obere Minuskelschicht, datiert von der Mitte des 14ten Jhs. Das Anschauungsmaterial, das Miniaturen, Unterschriften zu diesen Miniaturen und Verweismarken enthält, stellt der umfangreiche Bildkommentar zum Psalter aus der Zeit seiner Schaffung dar. Im Chludov Psalter sind auch die Angaben über die zweite Periode der Kommentierung der Psalmen auf fol. 2, 11v, 43, 58v und 137v erhalten, ausgeführt in Minuskel vom Schreiber der oberen Schicht im Verlaufe der Renovierung des Unzialtextes im 14ten Jh.
In diesem Beitrag werden folgende Fragen erörtert: 1) inwieweit stehen die späteren Scholien in Beziehung zum Kommentar der früheren Periode, d.h. zu den Miniaturen und ihren Unterschriften; 2) welche aus den zahlreichen Psalterdeutungen waren aktuell in jenem Milieu, wo der Chludov Psalter renoviert war; 3) welche Textstellen des Psalters bedurften eine Erläuterung für den Leser der Handschrift nach der Meinung des Scholiengraphen des 14ten Jhs. Eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit ist zwei Kommentaren aus verschiedener Zeit zu Ps. 59: 6-9 (fol. 58v) gewidmet: es werden die Quellen geprüft, worauf das Thema der Miniatur basiert ist, sowie die Verschiebung des semantischen Akzentes in den Scholien der zweiten Periode.
// Вестник сектора древнерусского искусства / отв. ред. А.Л. Баталов. №2. 2020. С. 112–128. ISSN ... more // Вестник сектора древнерусского искусства / отв. ред. А.Л. Баталов. №2. 2020. С. 112–128. ISSN 2658-543X The article describes the now-lost minuscule codex, three fragments of which are kept in the collections of Paris and Moscow. The handwriting of ‘tipo Anastasio’ and transitional features in decoration allow us to date the partially reconstructed codex to the late 9th – early 10th centuries. So the previously unknown fragment of the ‘Finding of the Holy Cross and nails’ of Menander the Protector, which was identified in Mosq. Syn gr. 73 belongs to the earliest copies of this text.
A pdf file of the article is available by request.
Summary: As it was believed earlier, the diacr... more A pdf file of the article is available by request. Summary: As it was believed earlier, the diacritical marks in Codex H belong to the upper ink layer, although the period when these were written has not been established. The article gives new data confirmed that the diacritics were written with two different kinds of ink, which belong to the lower and upper layers, and proves that the original main text in Codex H was accentuated. Therefore, an accepted dating of Codex H to the 6th to 7th cc. has to be changed to the period from the end of 8th to 9th c.
in: Manuscript Research and Restoration: Procedings-2019, M. V. Korogodina (ed.), St. Petersburg,... more in: Manuscript Research and Restoration: Procedings-2019, M. V. Korogodina (ed.), St. Petersburg, 2020, p. 28–38 [=Исследование и реставрация рукописей: Материалы конференции – 2019 [Санкт-Петербург, 17-18 сентября, 2019 г.] / отв. ред. М.В. Корогодина. СПб., 2020. С. 28–38] Old Russian Gospel Aprakos (Siysky Gospel) is the earliest dated illuminated manuscript originated from Moscow. Since 2017 it undergoes restoration at the Department for Scientific Research and Restoration of Parchment Manuscripts of the Grabar Art Conservation Centre.Regardless of this a separate miniature ‘The Adoration of the Magi’ housed at the State Russian Museum, is now under the conservation process (restorer Eugenia Shchukina). According to Olga Popova assumption outspoken in 1975, this miniature originally belonged to the Siysky Gospel. A team of authors from different institutions banded together for more detailed investigation of the paint layer, painting techniques and artistic style both the miniature and the codex. Physical and chemical methods of analysis were undertaken for this purpose. The paper will focuses on the results of the study.
The material provided by Greek illuminated manuscripts of the 9th to 10th cc. prompts us to view ... more The material provided by Greek illuminated manuscripts of the 9th to 10th cc. prompts us to view the evolution of Byzantine book decoration in several distinct stages: from irregular decoration it passed through a transitional period, before the formation of a regular decorative system. One of the determining features of irregular decoration (together with the absence of any hierarchy of artistic elements) is the presence of colophons that repeat the heading (end-titles), moreover with decorative emphasis on the end of the text as compared to the beginning of the following text. An analogous function is also carried out here by the decorative element as coronis. This term was borrowed from papyrology, where it is used to signify special figures marking the paragraphs. The article focuses on the typology of this element in the uncial Biblical codices and on its reflection in the Greek manuscripts of the 9th to 10th cc. Unknown cases of the coronis in minuscule manuscripts in the Russian collections, such as the Ladder, dated 899, State Historical Museum, Synod. gr. 145 (Vlad. 184) and John Chrysostom, Synod. gr. 110 (Vlad.160) are described.
The article denotes the phenomenon of spolia as a new filed of medieval manuscripts studies. The ... more The article denotes the phenomenon of spolia as a new filed of medieval manuscripts studies. The term spolia used to refer to any artifact incorporated into a manuscript culturally or chronologically different from that of its creation. An author focuses on the fragments of illuminated manuscripts in reuse. The cases of the Latin Acts of 6th Ecumenical Council of the second quarter of the 9th c. (London, Cotton MS Claudius B V) and of the Greek Acts of the Apostles of the late 10th – early 11th cc. (Paris, BnF, Coisl. 224) are described from this point of view. John Rhosos is a well-known Greek scribe who was at the disposal of Cardinal Bessarion for a long time. His repair method of the illuminated Greek Lectionary around the turn of the 11th c. (Venezia, Marc. gr. Z. 12 (348) is studied in great detail. The Lectionary shows an artistic complex of heterogeneous details and demonstrates a new conception of a manuscript as antiquarian artifact.
A pdf file of the paper is available by request.
This paper focuses on just a few aspects and ... more A pdf file of the paper is available by request.
This paper focuses on just a few aspects and terms that were introduced for the comprehensive description of illuminated manuscripts published in the first volume of
the Corpus of Greek illuminate Manuscripts in Russian Collections (2013).
So-called ‘colophons’ may denote not only the scribes' inscriptions and the ἐξεδόθη-Notizen, but also colophons of a third type: a repeat of the title at the end of the text. When embellished they are examined as an element in the overall decoration of the book.
Description of the running titles and consecutive numbers side by side with the titles, headings and marginalia amplifies the characteristics of the codex.
Such terms as ‘decoration of an irregular type’, ‘decoration of a transitional type’ and ‘decorative system of a regular type’ used for the description and characteristics of manuscript illumination. The material provided by illuminated manuscripts of the 9th to 10th cc. prompts us to view the evolution of book decoration in several distinct stages: from irregular decoration it passed through a transitional period, before the formation of a regular decorative system. The period of transformation lasted about a century, from the mid-9th c. to mid-10th c., with the gradual introduction of new features to the structure of the codex. The main tendency in manuscript design of the transitional phase was a gradual shift of the reader’s attention from the end of the text to the beginning.
in: The Greek Illuminated Praxapostolos dated 1072 in the Scientific Library of Moscow State Univ... more in: The Greek Illuminated Praxapostolos dated 1072 in the Scientific Library of Moscow State University, Collected articles (Research on and Conservation of a Masterpiece. Vol. 4), ed. by E. Dobrynina, Moscow 2004, pp. 44–70 [=Деяния и Послания апостолов: греческая иллюминированная рукопись 1072 г. из собрания Научной библиотеки Московского университета. Сборник статей (Исследования и реставрация одного памятника. Вып. 4) / ред.-сост. Э.Н. Добрынина. М., 2004. С. 44–70] (in Russian and English)
in: Древнерусское искусство. Византийский мир: региональные традиции в художественной культуре и проблемы их изучения. К юбилею Э.С. Смирновой / Ред-сост. М.А. Орлова
The present work examines five Greek manuscripts which contain the identical keeper’s notes. In a... more The present work examines five Greek manuscripts which contain the identical keeper’s notes. In all of them Neophytos, a hieromonk of the Konstamonitou monastery, named as owner. The notes were written by different hands in the end of 15th or in the beginning of the 16th century. In the middle of the nineteenth century a famous Russian traveler and collector Petr Ivanovitch Sevastyanov (1811–1867) brought to Russia from one of his trips to Mount Athos two fourteenth century fragments of the “Λόγος πρὸς τὸν ποιμένα” by Joannes Climacus. Now they are kept at the Russian State library (f. 270/Iа, № 72.10; f. 270/Iа, № 74.23). During the process of restoration at the Grabar Art Conservation Center in 2016 these fragments were identified as early belonged to the same codex. I directly established their origin from the Konstamonitou monastery on the base of deciphered ownership note: «αὑτη αἱ βήβλος ὑπάρχι της μον(ης) τοῦ Κωνσταντ(ος) κ(αὶ) ἥτης ἀποξενώσι αυ(την) ἐχέτο τὴν ἁραν, τὸν· τ·ι·η·ʹ Νεόφυτ(ος) ἱερομόναχ(ος)». Paleographical and lexical analysis of the notes in other gathered manuscripts gives an indication of the books which were preserved in the monastery in this period and later were carried around the world. Now they are kept at the Biblothèque nationale de France, Coislin 341, at the British library, Add. 5116 (+ Add. 5115) and in the Oxford’s Christ Church College, gr. 15 and gr. 33. The richly illuminated Imperial Menologion for February and March of the first part of the eleventh century from the State Historical Museum in Moscow (Syn. gr. 189) adjoins to this group of manuscripts. It contains a very close keeper’s note in the same formula but without name of hieromonk Neophytos. On the base of collected keeper’s notes we can provide more concrete overview of the books in the library of the Konstamonitou monastery as well as the use of these books by its inhabitants.
Abstracts of the Free Communications, Thematic Sessions, Round Tables and Posters, 24th Internati... more Abstracts of the Free Communications, Thematic Sessions, Round Tables and Posters, 24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies Byzantium (Venice and Padua, 22–27 August 2022), Proceedings, 2.2, ed. A. Rigo, Venezia 2022, p. 67
This conference (hybrid) hosted by the State Research Institute for Restoration and will live on ... more This conference (hybrid) hosted by the State Research Institute for Restoration and will live on Zoom. Please register to receive the Zoom link via e-mail: seminar.gosniir@yandex.ru
Глубокоуважаемые коллеги! Государственный научно-исследовательский институт реставрации приглашает Вас 19 – 20 ноября 2021 года на Международную научную конференцию «Libro Manuscrito Inspirata: Памяти Инны Павловны Мокрецовой (1935 – 2020)».
Заседания будут проходить в комбинированном очно-заочном формате 19 и 20 ноября 2021 г. в Государственном научно-исследовательском институте реставрации в конференц-зале на 3-м этаже по адресу: Москва, ул. Гастелло, 44
Ссылку для подключения к конференции Zoom можно получить по заявке, направленной на электронный адрес: seminar.gosniir@yandex.ru
Manuscripta Medievalia: От истории бытования к современной реставрации. К 90-летию Г.З. Быковой (... more Manuscripta Medievalia: От истории бытования к современной реставрации. К 90-летию Г.З. Быковой (1928–2017): конф. с междунар. участием, Москва, 9–10 июля 2018 г.: тез. докл. / Сост. и отв. ред. Э.Н.Добрынина. М., 2018 (на русск. и англ. яз.)
in: ESRARC 2018 – 10th European Symposium on Religious Art, Restoration & Conservation, Prague, 3... more in: ESRARC 2018 – 10th European Symposium on Religious Art, Restoration & Conservation, Prague, 31st May – 1st June 2018 : Proceedings book, Eds. S. Magál et al. Torino: Kermes, 2018. P. 103–105. Figs. 1–2.
The paper focuses on the cases of iron-gall ink modification in the Byzantine patristic manuscripts. As a result of multidisciplinary researches it has been possible to submit a strategy for intervention and conservation of the reused fragments of parchment manuscripts.
in: ESRARC 2016 – 8th European Symposium on Religious Art Restoration & Conservation (Viterbo, It... more in: ESRARC 2016 – 8th European Symposium on Religious Art Restoration & Conservation (Viterbo, Italy, 26th–28th May 2016) / Eds. C. Pelosi et al. Firenze: Nardini, 2016. P. 82–84.
At the Grabar Art Conservation Centre, the medieval manuscript books are restored according to unique projects specially devised for each individual case at the result of preliminary multidisciplinary research. This article describes the combined analysis of an Old Russian liturgical Menaion of the late 11th to early 12th c., on which the restoration project is based.
Abstract of the paper presented on the Round Table 'Centres et ateliers de copie balkaniques : sc... more Abstract of the paper presented on the Round Table 'Centres et ateliers de copie balkaniques : scribes, ornemanistes, miniaturistes' at the 23 rd International Congress of Byzantine Studies, Belgrade, 22-27 August 2016
Реставрация средневекового пергамена и переплета: Тезисы докладов междунар. конфер., 26–28 сентяб... more Реставрация средневекового пергамена и переплета: Тезисы докладов междунар. конфер., 26–28 сентября 2007 г., Москва / сост. и отв. ред. Э.Н. Добрынина. М., 2007 (на русск. и англ.)
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Books by Elina Dobrynina
This publication is the first comprehensive description of Greek illuminated manuscripts at the State Historical Museum collection. All descriptions are accompanied by articles with scientific-research content and illustrative material, with reproductions of manuscript decoration and examples of script. The publication is intended for art historians and Byzantine scholars, specialists in the field of Greek palaeography, codicology, textology and liturgistics, and for all those interested in the history of the medieval manuscript book.
ISBN 978-5-6040634-4-4-6
Papers by Elina Dobrynina
Among more than two hundred Greek manuscripts in minuscule bouletée, M.L. Agati identified a group of nine codices written by “scribe A” (Scriba A) and characterized his handwriting as bouletée élancée: Athos, Vatopedi 108; Vat. Barb. gr. 310, fol. 8r–111v; Kalabryta, Μονὴ μεγάλου σπηλαίου, 1 (now lost); Leucosia, Ἀρχιεπ. Βιβλ. 25; Moscow, SHM, Syn. gr. 99 (Vlad. 99); Paris, BNF, gr. 480; Paris, BNF, gr. 713 + Suppl. gr. 240 (fol. 238r–241v); Patmos, 43; Patmos, 44.
However, the attribution of these manuscripts to one hand is questionable. Based on palaeographic analysis, it is proposed to exclude from this group at least two manuscripts that were created by another calligrapher, whom we conventionally named “scribe A-I”. These are the Homilies of John Chrysostom, Syn. gr. 99 (Vlad. 99) and the Homilies of Basil of Caesarea, Paris, BNF, gr. 480.
Apart from the distinctive features of the handwriting, this conclusion is confirmed by details of the ornament and unity of style and typology of decoration.
In addition, the article focuses on a new attributional feature that distinguishes the writing style of scribe A-I: the unsystematic use of an alternative grapheme (delta Latina) in titles and quotations written in majuscule. The phenomenon of interlingual use of a single grapheme in Auszeichnungs-majuskel is considered as a previously unexamined way of visual intensification of its function.
The seals found in RAIK 51 and 113 are previously unknown evidence of their existence in Larissa after the destruction of the library of the Holy Trinity (or St. Dionysius) monastery on Mount Olympus.
The main corpus of texts in the Khludov Psalter consists of two layers: the lower, uncial layer written in the mid-9th century, and the minuscule layer dated to the mid-14th century. The illustrative complex to which the miniatures, the inscriptions to miniatures and the reference marks belong represents an extensive pictorial commentary to the Psalter from the time of its creation. Information about the second stage of work on commentary to the Psalms has also been preserved in the Khludov Psalter on ff. 2, 11v, 43, 58v and 137v, added in minuscule by the scribe responsible for the upper layer when the uncial text was rewritten.
The following questions are discussed in the paper: 1) to what extent the later scholia correspond to the commentary of the earlier period, i.e. to the miniatures and their inscriptions; 2) which of the numerous interpretations of the Psalms were favoured in the milieu where the Khludov Psalter was rewritten; 3) which parts of the Psalter required explanation for readers of the manuscript, in the opinion of the 14th-century scholiographer. Particular attention is paid to the two commentaries of different periods on Ps. 59:6 (f. 58v): the sources on which the subject of the miniature was based are examined, as well as the shift of semantic emphasis in scholia of the second period.
The article presents a handwriting analysis of two Greek patristic miscellanies: the Orations of Gregory the Theologian Mosq. Synod. gr. 62 (Vlad. 145) and Homilies of John Chrysostom Sinait. gr. 360. It is concluded that the main minuscule text, majuscule titles, headings and running titles in both codices can be ascribed to a single hand (scribe S), and the decoration to a single artist. Scribe S is identified with the scribe responsible for the colophon of 970, as well as the running titles and titles in the miscellany Orations of Basil the Great Par. gr. 497, the main text of which was copied by protospatharios Niketas in the year 966. The artist of the Synodal and Sinai miscellanies also produced the illumination in Par. gr. 497. As a result of this research we established that the three manuscripts are linked to one scriptorium, probably a court workshop, while a date of circa 970 was ascribed to Sinait. gr. 360 and Synod. gr. 62. Based on study of the colophon on f. 321v and the inscription on f. 329v in Par. gr. 497, assumptions were made on the donation to and subsequent presence of this manuscript in the monastery of Great Martyr Saint George, Agios Georgios Oriatos (Rigati) in Morphou, Cyprus.
Zusammenfassung:
Der Grundbestand der Texte im Chludov Psalter besteht aus zwei Schichten: die untere Unzialschicht, gemacht in der Mitte des 9ten Jhs, und die obere Minuskelschicht, datiert von der Mitte des 14ten Jhs. Das Anschauungsmaterial, das Miniaturen, Unterschriften zu diesen Miniaturen und Verweismarken enthält, stellt der umfangreiche Bildkommentar zum Psalter aus der Zeit seiner Schaffung dar. Im Chludov Psalter sind auch die Angaben über die zweite Periode der Kommentierung der Psalmen auf fol. 2, 11v, 43, 58v und 137v erhalten, ausgeführt in Minuskel vom Schreiber der oberen Schicht im Verlaufe der Renovierung des Unzialtextes im 14ten Jh.
In diesem Beitrag werden folgende Fragen erörtert: 1) inwieweit stehen die späteren Scholien in Beziehung zum Kommentar der früheren Periode, d.h. zu den Miniaturen und ihren Unterschriften; 2) welche aus den zahlreichen Psalterdeutungen waren aktuell in jenem Milieu, wo der Chludov Psalter renoviert war; 3) welche Textstellen des Psalters bedurften eine Erläuterung für den Leser der Handschrift nach der Meinung des Scholiengraphen des 14ten Jhs. Eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit ist zwei Kommentaren aus verschiedener Zeit zu Ps. 59: 6-9 (fol. 58v) gewidmet: es werden die Quellen geprüft, worauf das Thema der Miniatur basiert ist, sowie die Verschiebung des semantischen Akzentes in den Scholien der zweiten Periode.
The article describes the now-lost minuscule codex, three fragments of which are kept in the collections of Paris and Moscow. The handwriting of ‘tipo Anastasio’ and transitional features in decoration allow us to date the partially reconstructed codex to the late 9th – early 10th centuries. So the previously unknown fragment of the ‘Finding of the Holy Cross and nails’ of Menander the Protector, which was identified in Mosq. Syn gr. 73 belongs to the earliest copies of this text.
Summary: As it was believed earlier, the diacritical marks in Codex H belong to the upper ink layer, although the period when these were written has not been established. The article gives new data confirmed that the diacritics were written with two different kinds of ink, which belong to the lower and upper layers, and proves that the original main text in Codex H was accentuated. Therefore, an accepted dating of Codex H to the 6th to 7th cc. has to be changed to the period from the end of 8th to 9th c.
Old Russian Gospel Aprakos (Siysky Gospel) is the earliest dated illuminated manuscript originated from Moscow. Since 2017 it undergoes restoration at the Department for Scientific Research and Restoration of Parchment Manuscripts of the Grabar Art Conservation Centre.Regardless of this a separate miniature ‘The Adoration of the Magi’ housed at the State Russian Museum, is now under the conservation process (restorer Eugenia Shchukina). According to Olga Popova assumption outspoken in 1975, this miniature originally belonged to the Siysky Gospel. A team of authors from different institutions banded together for more detailed investigation of the paint layer, painting techniques and artistic style both the miniature and the codex. Physical and chemical methods of analysis were undertaken for this purpose. The paper will focuses on the results of the study.
This publication is the first comprehensive description of Greek illuminated manuscripts at the State Historical Museum collection. All descriptions are accompanied by articles with scientific-research content and illustrative material, with reproductions of manuscript decoration and examples of script. The publication is intended for art historians and Byzantine scholars, specialists in the field of Greek palaeography, codicology, textology and liturgistics, and for all those interested in the history of the medieval manuscript book.
ISBN 978-5-6040634-4-4-6
Among more than two hundred Greek manuscripts in minuscule bouletée, M.L. Agati identified a group of nine codices written by “scribe A” (Scriba A) and characterized his handwriting as bouletée élancée: Athos, Vatopedi 108; Vat. Barb. gr. 310, fol. 8r–111v; Kalabryta, Μονὴ μεγάλου σπηλαίου, 1 (now lost); Leucosia, Ἀρχιεπ. Βιβλ. 25; Moscow, SHM, Syn. gr. 99 (Vlad. 99); Paris, BNF, gr. 480; Paris, BNF, gr. 713 + Suppl. gr. 240 (fol. 238r–241v); Patmos, 43; Patmos, 44.
However, the attribution of these manuscripts to one hand is questionable. Based on palaeographic analysis, it is proposed to exclude from this group at least two manuscripts that were created by another calligrapher, whom we conventionally named “scribe A-I”. These are the Homilies of John Chrysostom, Syn. gr. 99 (Vlad. 99) and the Homilies of Basil of Caesarea, Paris, BNF, gr. 480.
Apart from the distinctive features of the handwriting, this conclusion is confirmed by details of the ornament and unity of style and typology of decoration.
In addition, the article focuses on a new attributional feature that distinguishes the writing style of scribe A-I: the unsystematic use of an alternative grapheme (delta Latina) in titles and quotations written in majuscule. The phenomenon of interlingual use of a single grapheme in Auszeichnungs-majuskel is considered as a previously unexamined way of visual intensification of its function.
The seals found in RAIK 51 and 113 are previously unknown evidence of their existence in Larissa after the destruction of the library of the Holy Trinity (or St. Dionysius) monastery on Mount Olympus.
The main corpus of texts in the Khludov Psalter consists of two layers: the lower, uncial layer written in the mid-9th century, and the minuscule layer dated to the mid-14th century. The illustrative complex to which the miniatures, the inscriptions to miniatures and the reference marks belong represents an extensive pictorial commentary to the Psalter from the time of its creation. Information about the second stage of work on commentary to the Psalms has also been preserved in the Khludov Psalter on ff. 2, 11v, 43, 58v and 137v, added in minuscule by the scribe responsible for the upper layer when the uncial text was rewritten.
The following questions are discussed in the paper: 1) to what extent the later scholia correspond to the commentary of the earlier period, i.e. to the miniatures and their inscriptions; 2) which of the numerous interpretations of the Psalms were favoured in the milieu where the Khludov Psalter was rewritten; 3) which parts of the Psalter required explanation for readers of the manuscript, in the opinion of the 14th-century scholiographer. Particular attention is paid to the two commentaries of different periods on Ps. 59:6 (f. 58v): the sources on which the subject of the miniature was based are examined, as well as the shift of semantic emphasis in scholia of the second period.
The article presents a handwriting analysis of two Greek patristic miscellanies: the Orations of Gregory the Theologian Mosq. Synod. gr. 62 (Vlad. 145) and Homilies of John Chrysostom Sinait. gr. 360. It is concluded that the main minuscule text, majuscule titles, headings and running titles in both codices can be ascribed to a single hand (scribe S), and the decoration to a single artist. Scribe S is identified with the scribe responsible for the colophon of 970, as well as the running titles and titles in the miscellany Orations of Basil the Great Par. gr. 497, the main text of which was copied by protospatharios Niketas in the year 966. The artist of the Synodal and Sinai miscellanies also produced the illumination in Par. gr. 497. As a result of this research we established that the three manuscripts are linked to one scriptorium, probably a court workshop, while a date of circa 970 was ascribed to Sinait. gr. 360 and Synod. gr. 62. Based on study of the colophon on f. 321v and the inscription on f. 329v in Par. gr. 497, assumptions were made on the donation to and subsequent presence of this manuscript in the monastery of Great Martyr Saint George, Agios Georgios Oriatos (Rigati) in Morphou, Cyprus.
Zusammenfassung:
Der Grundbestand der Texte im Chludov Psalter besteht aus zwei Schichten: die untere Unzialschicht, gemacht in der Mitte des 9ten Jhs, und die obere Minuskelschicht, datiert von der Mitte des 14ten Jhs. Das Anschauungsmaterial, das Miniaturen, Unterschriften zu diesen Miniaturen und Verweismarken enthält, stellt der umfangreiche Bildkommentar zum Psalter aus der Zeit seiner Schaffung dar. Im Chludov Psalter sind auch die Angaben über die zweite Periode der Kommentierung der Psalmen auf fol. 2, 11v, 43, 58v und 137v erhalten, ausgeführt in Minuskel vom Schreiber der oberen Schicht im Verlaufe der Renovierung des Unzialtextes im 14ten Jh.
In diesem Beitrag werden folgende Fragen erörtert: 1) inwieweit stehen die späteren Scholien in Beziehung zum Kommentar der früheren Periode, d.h. zu den Miniaturen und ihren Unterschriften; 2) welche aus den zahlreichen Psalterdeutungen waren aktuell in jenem Milieu, wo der Chludov Psalter renoviert war; 3) welche Textstellen des Psalters bedurften eine Erläuterung für den Leser der Handschrift nach der Meinung des Scholiengraphen des 14ten Jhs. Eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit ist zwei Kommentaren aus verschiedener Zeit zu Ps. 59: 6-9 (fol. 58v) gewidmet: es werden die Quellen geprüft, worauf das Thema der Miniatur basiert ist, sowie die Verschiebung des semantischen Akzentes in den Scholien der zweiten Periode.
The article describes the now-lost minuscule codex, three fragments of which are kept in the collections of Paris and Moscow. The handwriting of ‘tipo Anastasio’ and transitional features in decoration allow us to date the partially reconstructed codex to the late 9th – early 10th centuries. So the previously unknown fragment of the ‘Finding of the Holy Cross and nails’ of Menander the Protector, which was identified in Mosq. Syn gr. 73 belongs to the earliest copies of this text.
Summary: As it was believed earlier, the diacritical marks in Codex H belong to the upper ink layer, although the period when these were written has not been established. The article gives new data confirmed that the diacritics were written with two different kinds of ink, which belong to the lower and upper layers, and proves that the original main text in Codex H was accentuated. Therefore, an accepted dating of Codex H to the 6th to 7th cc. has to be changed to the period from the end of 8th to 9th c.
Old Russian Gospel Aprakos (Siysky Gospel) is the earliest dated illuminated manuscript originated from Moscow. Since 2017 it undergoes restoration at the Department for Scientific Research and Restoration of Parchment Manuscripts of the Grabar Art Conservation Centre.Regardless of this a separate miniature ‘The Adoration of the Magi’ housed at the State Russian Museum, is now under the conservation process (restorer Eugenia Shchukina). According to Olga Popova assumption outspoken in 1975, this miniature originally belonged to the Siysky Gospel. A team of authors from different institutions banded together for more detailed investigation of the paint layer, painting techniques and artistic style both the miniature and the codex. Physical and chemical methods of analysis were undertaken for this purpose. The paper will focuses on the results of the study.
An analogous function is also carried out here by the decorative element as coronis. This term was borrowed from papyrology, where it is used to signify special figures marking the paragraphs. The article focuses on the typology of this element in the uncial Biblical codices and on its reflection in the Greek manuscripts of the 9th to 10th cc. Unknown cases of the coronis in minuscule manuscripts in the Russian collections, such as the Ladder, dated 899, State Historical Museum, Synod. gr. 145 (Vlad. 184) and John Chrysostom, Synod. gr. 110 (Vlad.160) are described.
John Rhosos is a well-known Greek scribe who was at the disposal of Cardinal Bessarion for a long time. His repair method of the illuminated Greek Lectionary around the turn of the 11th c. (Venezia, Marc. gr. Z. 12 (348) is studied in great detail. The Lectionary shows an artistic complex of heterogeneous details and demonstrates a new conception of a manuscript as antiquarian artifact.
This paper focuses on just a few aspects and terms that were introduced for the comprehensive description of illuminated manuscripts published in the first volume of
the Corpus of Greek illuminate Manuscripts in Russian Collections (2013).
So-called ‘colophons’ may denote not only the scribes' inscriptions and the ἐξεδόθη-Notizen, but also colophons of a third type: a repeat of the title at the end of the text. When embellished they are examined as an element in the overall decoration of the book.
Description of the running titles and consecutive numbers side by side with the titles, headings and marginalia amplifies the characteristics of the codex.
Such terms as ‘decoration of an irregular type’, ‘decoration of a transitional type’ and ‘decorative system of a regular type’ used for the description and characteristics of manuscript illumination. The material provided by illuminated manuscripts of the 9th to 10th cc. prompts us to view the evolution of book decoration in several distinct stages: from irregular decoration it passed through a transitional period, before the formation of a regular decorative system. The period of transformation lasted about a century, from the mid-9th c. to mid-10th c., with the gradual introduction of new features to the structure of the codex. The main tendency in manuscript design of the transitional phase was a gradual shift of the reader’s attention from the end of the text to the beginning.
In the middle of the nineteenth century a famous Russian traveler and collector Petr Ivanovitch Sevastyanov (1811–1867) brought to Russia from one of his trips to Mount Athos two fourteenth century fragments of the “Λόγος πρὸς τὸν ποιμένα” by Joannes Climacus. Now they are kept at the Russian State library (f. 270/Iа, № 72.10; f. 270/Iа, № 74.23). During the process of restoration at the Grabar Art Conservation Center in 2016 these fragments were identified as early belonged to the same codex. I directly established their origin from the Konstamonitou monastery on the base of deciphered ownership note: «αὑτη αἱ βήβλος ὑπάρχι της μον(ης) τοῦ Κωνσταντ(ος) κ(αὶ) ἥτης ἀποξενώσι αυ(την) ἐχέτο τὴν ἁραν, τὸν· τ·ι·η·ʹ Νεόφυτ(ος) ἱερομόναχ(ος)».
Paleographical and lexical analysis of the notes in other gathered manuscripts gives an indication of the books which were preserved in the monastery in this period and later were carried around the world. Now they are kept at the Biblothèque nationale de France, Coislin 341, at the British library, Add. 5116 (+ Add. 5115) and in the Oxford’s Christ Church College, gr. 15 and gr. 33.
The richly illuminated Imperial Menologion for February and March of the first part of the eleventh century from the State Historical Museum in Moscow (Syn. gr. 189) adjoins to this group of manuscripts. It contains a very close keeper’s note in the same formula but without name of hieromonk Neophytos.
On the base of collected keeper’s notes we can provide more concrete overview of the books in the library of the Konstamonitou monastery as well as the use of these books by its inhabitants.
Глубокоуважаемые коллеги!
Государственный научно-исследовательский институт реставрации приглашает Вас
19 – 20 ноября 2021 года
на Международную научную конференцию
«Libro Manuscrito Inspirata: Памяти Инны Павловны Мокрецовой (1935 – 2020)».
Заседания будут проходить в комбинированном очно-заочном формате 19 и 20 ноября 2021 г. в Государственном научно-исследовательском институте реставрации в конференц-зале на 3-м этаже по адресу: Москва, ул. Гастелло, 44
Ссылку для подключения к конференции Zoom можно получить по заявке, направленной на электронный адрес: seminar.gosniir@yandex.ru
The paper focuses on the cases of iron-gall ink modification in the Byzantine patristic manuscripts. As a result of multidisciplinary researches it has been possible to submit a strategy for intervention and conservation of the reused fragments of parchment manuscripts.
At the Grabar Art Conservation Centre, the medieval manuscript books are restored according to unique projects specially devised for each individual case at the result of preliminary multidisciplinary research. This article describes the combined analysis of an Old Russian liturgical Menaion of the late 11th to early 12th c., on which the restoration project is based.