Renal transplant recipients (RTR) suffer high rates of bone loss and increased risk of fracture. ... more Renal transplant recipients (RTR) suffer high rates of bone loss and increased risk of fracture. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), found mainly in fish and seafood, may have beneficial effects on bone and are positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate if this association prevails despite the more complex causes of bone loss in RTR. A total of 701 RTR were included in a cross-sectional analysis. BMD of lumbar spine, proximal femur, and distal forearm were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, and blood samples were drawn in the fasting state for measurement of plasma fatty acid composition 10 weeks posttransplant. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels and BMD. Mean age was 52.2 years, and two-thirds were men. Based on femoral neck T-scores, 26% of patients were osteoporotic and 52% osteopenic. Z-scores increased significantly across quartiles of marine n-3 PUFA levels, and marine n-3 PUFA was a positive predictor of BMD at total hip and lumbar spine after multivariate adjustment. No association was found between n-6 PUFA content and BMD. Plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels were positively associated with BMD at the hip and lumbar spine 10 weeks posttransplant.
Previous studies have suggested that the intake of trans-fatty acids (TFA) plays a role in the de... more Previous studies have suggested that the intake of trans-fatty acids (TFA) plays a role in the development of obesity. The proportions of adipose tissue fatty acids not synthesised endogenously in humans, such as TFA, usually correlate well with the dietary intake. Hence, the use of these biomarkers may provide a more accurate measure of habitual TFA intake than that obtained with dietary questionnaires. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations between the proportions of specific TFA in adipose tissue and subsequent changes in weight and waist circumference (WC). The relative content of fatty acids in adipose tissue biopsies from a random sample of 996 men and women aged 50-64 years drawn from a Danish cohort study was determined by GC. Baseline data on weight, WC and potential confounders were available together with information on weight and WC 5 years after enrolment. The exposure measures were total trans-octadecenoic acids (18:1t), 18:1 Δ6-10t, vaccenic acid (18:1 Δ11t) and rumenic acid (18:2 Δ9c, 11t). Data were analysed using multiple regression with cubic spline modelling. The median proportion of total adipose tissue 18:1t was 1.52% (90% central range 0.98, 2.19) in men and 1.47% (1.01, 2.19) in women. No significant associations were observed between the proportions of total 18:1t, 18:1 Δ6-10t, vaccenic acid or rumenic acid and changes in weight or WC. The present study suggests that the proportions of specific TFA in adipose tissue are not associated with subsequent changes in weight or WC within the exposure range observed in this population.
High serum uric acid levels have been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Hyperuricaemi... more High serum uric acid levels have been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Hyperuricaemia is known to be related to several of the established aetiologic risk factors of CHD, such as obesity, insulin resistance, raised serum triglycerides, and hypertension, but it is still uncertain whether this relationship may cause the association between CHD and uric acid. We have investigated whether uric acid was an independent risk factor for CHD. Two-hundred and ninety patients with suspected CHD referred to elective coronary angiography were enrolled. The association between angiographically detected coronary stenosis > 50% in one or more of the 3 major coronary arteries and uric acid levels was examined. A significant association between high uric acid levels and the presence of one or more diseased vessels in women (p = 0.02) was observed, while no association was found in men (p = 0.25). After adjustment for several possible confounders such as smoking, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus the association among women disappeared. The results indicate that uric acid should not be viewed as an independent risk factor for CHD, but more likely as a biological marker reflecting other causative parameters.
Antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is commonly used to reduce the risk of cardi... more Antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is commonly used to reduce the risk of cardio- and cerebrovascular events. Fish consumption has been inversely related to coronary disease, which has been partly attributed to an inhibitory effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on platelet production of tromboxane A2. In this study, we investigated the acute and short-time effect of supplementation with n-3 PUFA and intravenous ASA on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition and plasma lipids. Eighteen healthy men were randomly allocated to a daily intake of 10 g n-3 PUFA or placebo. After this supplement (14 h and 14 days), blood was sampled before and after intravenous injection of 100 mg ASA. n-3 PUFA given for 14 days caused a minor inhibition of platelet reactivity but negligible compared to 100 mg ASA. No additive effect of n-3 PUFA and ASA could be demonstrated.
... [3] T. Eerola, O. Lartillot, and P. Toiviainen, Prediction of multidimensional emotionalrati... more ... [3] T. Eerola, O. Lartillot, and P. Toiviainen, Prediction of multidimensional emotionalratings in music from audio using multivariate regression models, in Proc. of the 10th Intl. Society for Music Information Conf., Kobe, Japan, 2009. ...
The objective was primarily to describe short term intra-individual variation in serum levels of ... more The objective was primarily to describe short term intra-individual variation in serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules (sCAMs: E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1)) in healthy subjects. Secondly, sCAMs were correlated to brachial artery flow mediated vasodilation (FMD).Forty healthy subjects aged 24–66 years had sCAMs measured twice with 4 week intervals and short-term intra-individual variation was estimated as variation in the paired measurements after correcting for the analytical precision of the used method. At baseline, brachial FMD was measured.No difference was observed in mean sCAMs in the whole study group. Estimated intra-subject variations in sCAMs were 7.6–11.3%. In a regression analysis, significant negative association was found between sE-selectin and FMD after controlling for possible confounders (p < 0.04) while no significant correlation could be demonstrated between the other sCAMs and FMD.In conclusion, short term intra-individual variations in sCAMs were 7.6–11.3% in healthy subjects. We also found a significant negative association between sE-selectin and FMD, indicating an possible association between inflammation and dysfunction of the vascular endothelium; however further studies are required to confirm this preliminary finding.
Recent reports suggest beneficial effects of statin treatment on risk of venous thromboembolism (... more Recent reports suggest beneficial effects of statin treatment on risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This review studies the existing literature on statins and VTE: one meta-analysis, one randomized controlled trial, four cohort studies and eight case-control studies. The hypothesis of a risk reducing effect of statins on recurrent VTE is supported, but the included studies are heterogeneous; and there is a risk of uncontrolled confounding. Randomized clinical trials aimed at clarifying whether statins can prevent recurrent VTE or not are warranted.
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, Jan 25, 2015
Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may exert beneficial effects on inflammation, fibr... more Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may exert beneficial effects on inflammation, fibrosis, endothelial function, lipid profile and blood pressure that may prevent graft loss. In this observational cohort study in Norwegian renal transplant recipients (n = 1990), transplanted between 1999 and 2011, associations between plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels and graft loss were assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography and individual fatty acids recorded as weight percentage (wt%) of total fatty acids in a stable phase 10 weeks after transplantation. During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 569 (28.6%) renal allografts were lost, either due to patient death (n = 340, 59.8% of graft loss) or graft loss in surviving patients (n = 229, 40.2%). Plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels ranged from 1.35 to 23.87 wt%, with a median level of 7.95 wt% (interquartile range 6.20-10.03 wt%). W...
Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, Jan 10, 2015
Several studies have reported beneficial cardiovascular effects of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fat... more Several studies have reported beneficial cardiovascular effects of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. To date, no large studies have investigated the potential benefits of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in recipients of renal transplants. In this observational cohort study of 1990 Norwegian recipients of renal transplants transplanted between 1999 and 2011, associations between marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and mortality were investigated by stratified analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis adjusting for traditional and transplant-specific mortality risk factors. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in plasma phospholipids were measured by gas chromatography in a stable phase 10 weeks after transplantation. There were 406 deaths (20.4%) during a median follow-up period of 6.8 years. Mortality rates were lower in patients with high marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels (≥7.95 weight percentage) compared with l...
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia information retrieval - MIR '10, 2010
... In addition to (or in place of) multi-level regression, feature fusion methods could be used ... more ... In addition to (or in place of) multi-level regression, feature fusion methods could be used to combine ... Downie, C. Laurier, M. Bay, and A. Ehmann, The 2007 mirex audio mood classification task: Lessons ... rt, an improved boosting scheme for regression, Neural computation, vol ...
In order to evaluate the effect of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on systolic ... more In order to evaluate the effect of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on systolic left ventricular function, we investigated the effect of daily supplementation with 5.2 g n-3 PUFA for 12 weeks in 55 patients with a recent myocardial infarction in a double blind placebo-controlled design. Left ventricular function was assessed by transthoracal echo-cardiography and plasma concentration of proANP and N-terminal proANP. No effect of n-3 PUFA could be demonstrated on these indices of left ventricular function.
There is evidence for an antiarrhythmic effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in a... more There is evidence for an antiarrhythmic effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary n-3 PUFA on ventricular arrhythmias and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with a previous myocardial infarction. Fifty-five patients were randomized to receive either 5.2 g of n-3 PUFA daily for 12 weeks or placebo in a double blind, placebo-controlled study. Prior to randomization a 24-hour Holter recording was obtained, and this was repeated at the end of the study. The major end-points were the number of ventricular extrasystoles (VE)/24 hours and the 24-hour HRV. A non-significant decrease in VE/24 hours was found in both the n-3 PUFA group and among controls after dietary supplementation, whereas HRV significantly increased after n-3 PUFA compared to both baseline values (p = 0.04) and to controls (p = 0.01). The present study therefore supports the hypothesis that n-3 PUFA may have an anti-arrhythm...
American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 1994
There are numerous biologic rationales for the use of n-3 fatty acids in renal diseases, includin... more There are numerous biologic rationales for the use of n-3 fatty acids in renal diseases, including a possible increase in the renal vasodilatory capacity by a rearrangement of renal prostanoid production, a reduction in the production of proinflammatory leukotrienes, a reduction in the transcapillary escape rate of albumin, and actions limiting cyclosporine-related nephrotoxicity. Studies of animal models of renal disease, mostly of immune-renal disease, support the idea of the possible usefulness of these compounds. The most promising areas of clinical investigation include the reduction of proteinuria in some chronic glomerular diseases, the treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and the prevention of cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. However, the results of larger clinical studies, some of which are ongoing, are necessary to support the use of n-3 fatty acids in human renal diseases.
Renal transplant recipients (RTR) suffer high rates of bone loss and increased risk of fracture. ... more Renal transplant recipients (RTR) suffer high rates of bone loss and increased risk of fracture. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), found mainly in fish and seafood, may have beneficial effects on bone and are positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate if this association prevails despite the more complex causes of bone loss in RTR. A total of 701 RTR were included in a cross-sectional analysis. BMD of lumbar spine, proximal femur, and distal forearm were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, and blood samples were drawn in the fasting state for measurement of plasma fatty acid composition 10 weeks posttransplant. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels and BMD. Mean age was 52.2 years, and two-thirds were men. Based on femoral neck T-scores, 26% of patients were osteoporotic and 52% osteopenic. Z-scores increased significantly across quartiles of marine n-3 PUFA levels, and marine n-3 PUFA was a positive predictor of BMD at total hip and lumbar spine after multivariate adjustment. No association was found between n-6 PUFA content and BMD. Plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels were positively associated with BMD at the hip and lumbar spine 10 weeks posttransplant.
Previous studies have suggested that the intake of trans-fatty acids (TFA) plays a role in the de... more Previous studies have suggested that the intake of trans-fatty acids (TFA) plays a role in the development of obesity. The proportions of adipose tissue fatty acids not synthesised endogenously in humans, such as TFA, usually correlate well with the dietary intake. Hence, the use of these biomarkers may provide a more accurate measure of habitual TFA intake than that obtained with dietary questionnaires. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations between the proportions of specific TFA in adipose tissue and subsequent changes in weight and waist circumference (WC). The relative content of fatty acids in adipose tissue biopsies from a random sample of 996 men and women aged 50-64 years drawn from a Danish cohort study was determined by GC. Baseline data on weight, WC and potential confounders were available together with information on weight and WC 5 years after enrolment. The exposure measures were total trans-octadecenoic acids (18:1t), 18:1 Δ6-10t, vaccenic acid (18:1 Δ11t) and rumenic acid (18:2 Δ9c, 11t). Data were analysed using multiple regression with cubic spline modelling. The median proportion of total adipose tissue 18:1t was 1.52% (90% central range 0.98, 2.19) in men and 1.47% (1.01, 2.19) in women. No significant associations were observed between the proportions of total 18:1t, 18:1 Δ6-10t, vaccenic acid or rumenic acid and changes in weight or WC. The present study suggests that the proportions of specific TFA in adipose tissue are not associated with subsequent changes in weight or WC within the exposure range observed in this population.
High serum uric acid levels have been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Hyperuricaemi... more High serum uric acid levels have been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Hyperuricaemia is known to be related to several of the established aetiologic risk factors of CHD, such as obesity, insulin resistance, raised serum triglycerides, and hypertension, but it is still uncertain whether this relationship may cause the association between CHD and uric acid. We have investigated whether uric acid was an independent risk factor for CHD. Two-hundred and ninety patients with suspected CHD referred to elective coronary angiography were enrolled. The association between angiographically detected coronary stenosis &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 50% in one or more of the 3 major coronary arteries and uric acid levels was examined. A significant association between high uric acid levels and the presence of one or more diseased vessels in women (p = 0.02) was observed, while no association was found in men (p = 0.25). After adjustment for several possible confounders such as smoking, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus the association among women disappeared. The results indicate that uric acid should not be viewed as an independent risk factor for CHD, but more likely as a biological marker reflecting other causative parameters.
Antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is commonly used to reduce the risk of cardi... more Antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is commonly used to reduce the risk of cardio- and cerebrovascular events. Fish consumption has been inversely related to coronary disease, which has been partly attributed to an inhibitory effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on platelet production of tromboxane A2. In this study, we investigated the acute and short-time effect of supplementation with n-3 PUFA and intravenous ASA on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition and plasma lipids. Eighteen healthy men were randomly allocated to a daily intake of 10 g n-3 PUFA or placebo. After this supplement (14 h and 14 days), blood was sampled before and after intravenous injection of 100 mg ASA. n-3 PUFA given for 14 days caused a minor inhibition of platelet reactivity but negligible compared to 100 mg ASA. No additive effect of n-3 PUFA and ASA could be demonstrated.
... [3] T. Eerola, O. Lartillot, and P. Toiviainen, Prediction of multidimensional emotionalrati... more ... [3] T. Eerola, O. Lartillot, and P. Toiviainen, Prediction of multidimensional emotionalratings in music from audio using multivariate regression models, in Proc. of the 10th Intl. Society for Music Information Conf., Kobe, Japan, 2009. ...
The objective was primarily to describe short term intra-individual variation in serum levels of ... more The objective was primarily to describe short term intra-individual variation in serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules (sCAMs: E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1)) in healthy subjects. Secondly, sCAMs were correlated to brachial artery flow mediated vasodilation (FMD).Forty healthy subjects aged 24–66 years had sCAMs measured twice with 4 week intervals and short-term intra-individual variation was estimated as variation in the paired measurements after correcting for the analytical precision of the used method. At baseline, brachial FMD was measured.No difference was observed in mean sCAMs in the whole study group. Estimated intra-subject variations in sCAMs were 7.6–11.3%. In a regression analysis, significant negative association was found between sE-selectin and FMD after controlling for possible confounders (p < 0.04) while no significant correlation could be demonstrated between the other sCAMs and FMD.In conclusion, short term intra-individual variations in sCAMs were 7.6–11.3% in healthy subjects. We also found a significant negative association between sE-selectin and FMD, indicating an possible association between inflammation and dysfunction of the vascular endothelium; however further studies are required to confirm this preliminary finding.
Recent reports suggest beneficial effects of statin treatment on risk of venous thromboembolism (... more Recent reports suggest beneficial effects of statin treatment on risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This review studies the existing literature on statins and VTE: one meta-analysis, one randomized controlled trial, four cohort studies and eight case-control studies. The hypothesis of a risk reducing effect of statins on recurrent VTE is supported, but the included studies are heterogeneous; and there is a risk of uncontrolled confounding. Randomized clinical trials aimed at clarifying whether statins can prevent recurrent VTE or not are warranted.
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, Jan 25, 2015
Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may exert beneficial effects on inflammation, fibr... more Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may exert beneficial effects on inflammation, fibrosis, endothelial function, lipid profile and blood pressure that may prevent graft loss. In this observational cohort study in Norwegian renal transplant recipients (n = 1990), transplanted between 1999 and 2011, associations between plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels and graft loss were assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography and individual fatty acids recorded as weight percentage (wt%) of total fatty acids in a stable phase 10 weeks after transplantation. During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 569 (28.6%) renal allografts were lost, either due to patient death (n = 340, 59.8% of graft loss) or graft loss in surviving patients (n = 229, 40.2%). Plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels ranged from 1.35 to 23.87 wt%, with a median level of 7.95 wt% (interquartile range 6.20-10.03 wt%). W...
Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, Jan 10, 2015
Several studies have reported beneficial cardiovascular effects of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fat... more Several studies have reported beneficial cardiovascular effects of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. To date, no large studies have investigated the potential benefits of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in recipients of renal transplants. In this observational cohort study of 1990 Norwegian recipients of renal transplants transplanted between 1999 and 2011, associations between marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and mortality were investigated by stratified analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis adjusting for traditional and transplant-specific mortality risk factors. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in plasma phospholipids were measured by gas chromatography in a stable phase 10 weeks after transplantation. There were 406 deaths (20.4%) during a median follow-up period of 6.8 years. Mortality rates were lower in patients with high marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels (≥7.95 weight percentage) compared with l...
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia information retrieval - MIR '10, 2010
... In addition to (or in place of) multi-level regression, feature fusion methods could be used ... more ... In addition to (or in place of) multi-level regression, feature fusion methods could be used to combine ... Downie, C. Laurier, M. Bay, and A. Ehmann, The 2007 mirex audio mood classification task: Lessons ... rt, an improved boosting scheme for regression, Neural computation, vol ...
In order to evaluate the effect of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on systolic ... more In order to evaluate the effect of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on systolic left ventricular function, we investigated the effect of daily supplementation with 5.2 g n-3 PUFA for 12 weeks in 55 patients with a recent myocardial infarction in a double blind placebo-controlled design. Left ventricular function was assessed by transthoracal echo-cardiography and plasma concentration of proANP and N-terminal proANP. No effect of n-3 PUFA could be demonstrated on these indices of left ventricular function.
There is evidence for an antiarrhythmic effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in a... more There is evidence for an antiarrhythmic effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary n-3 PUFA on ventricular arrhythmias and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with a previous myocardial infarction. Fifty-five patients were randomized to receive either 5.2 g of n-3 PUFA daily for 12 weeks or placebo in a double blind, placebo-controlled study. Prior to randomization a 24-hour Holter recording was obtained, and this was repeated at the end of the study. The major end-points were the number of ventricular extrasystoles (VE)/24 hours and the 24-hour HRV. A non-significant decrease in VE/24 hours was found in both the n-3 PUFA group and among controls after dietary supplementation, whereas HRV significantly increased after n-3 PUFA compared to both baseline values (p = 0.04) and to controls (p = 0.01). The present study therefore supports the hypothesis that n-3 PUFA may have an anti-arrhythm...
American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 1994
There are numerous biologic rationales for the use of n-3 fatty acids in renal diseases, includin... more There are numerous biologic rationales for the use of n-3 fatty acids in renal diseases, including a possible increase in the renal vasodilatory capacity by a rearrangement of renal prostanoid production, a reduction in the production of proinflammatory leukotrienes, a reduction in the transcapillary escape rate of albumin, and actions limiting cyclosporine-related nephrotoxicity. Studies of animal models of renal disease, mostly of immune-renal disease, support the idea of the possible usefulness of these compounds. The most promising areas of clinical investigation include the reduction of proteinuria in some chronic glomerular diseases, the treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and the prevention of cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. However, the results of larger clinical studies, some of which are ongoing, are necessary to support the use of n-3 fatty acids in human renal diseases.
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