Fares M O H A M M E D S . Ali

The current study sheds light on the psychological dimension of the major characters of the book 1984. It explores the psychological conflict that leads to the issue of Sadism as a result of the extreme struggle among the book characters based on the psychoanalytic perspective. It is observed throughout the book from the beginning to the end, the predomination of the psychological suppression of the major characters. It is considered as a pessimistic literary piece that portrays the horrible future of England particularly and the whole world in general according to Orwell's predicts.The book includes great psychological issues that the major characters of the book namely Winston Smith, Julia, and Katherine face. All these troubles that taken place for them as a result of the violent treatment of the party leaders. These cruel treatments and violent reactions are mirrored directly in their behavior, activity, interaction, and reaction. As human beings who have emotions, passions, and feelings, these characters suffered from conflicts within the party structure that reflected passively on them psychologically, mentally, intellectually, and politically. In this research paper, the researcher explores deeply the psychological issues especially the issue of Sadism as a dangerous degree of psychology that influences the psyche of the major characters. Sadism is being studied critically based on the psychoanalytic perspective.

This research article is devoted to exploring the notions of alienation, ideology, and dialectics in the selected novels of E.M. Forster. It is seen that Forster directly or indirectly included these themes in his novels; The Longest Journey, A Room with a View, Howards End, and A Passage to India. The current research paper focuses properly on the deep analysis of these works to find out the main arguments mentioned above in the light of the Marxist perspective. The researcher will provide detailed knowledge about these ideas based on the whole rereading of these books concerning the story’s actions, characters, thoughts, reactions, points of view, and the roles given to these characters. It is observed that the socio-political and economic crisis at that time regarding the global great events such as the First World War and the Second World War influenced the writer’s attitude. The emergence and growth of the Marxist approach and many schools of thought as well as Freudian psychoanalysis attracted Forster’s attention and led him to embody most features of that era, particularly within his fictional writings. Additionally, the political groups influenced the writer to adopt such arguments that latterly have become the main allegations of the theories of prominent critics, philosophers, and thinkers. Thus, the researcher will investigate the ideas mentioned above critically in the light of the Marxist point of view.

is a prominent literary figure of English literature particularly and global literature generally who carries on his shoulder the addressing of the socio-political issues that predominated societies of his period. In this research paper much concern is given to one of the major issues that occupied the attention of many critics, writers, philosophers, thinkers, and scholars which is Imperialism. It is considered the primary issue that threatens the life of people in most parts of the world in general and Eastern countries particularly. This event is crucial and occupies a high status in the mind and hearts of the nations of these developing countries that were situated under British imperialism. As a writer and critic who experienced the colonial authority as a colonizer and a member of the colonial system. Orwell's attitudes towards imperialism were based on his explored experience that resulted in his criticism of the British imperial authority by the touching of the suffering of the indigenous people who had been predominated. In this regard, Ronald J. Horvath writes, "Knowing how people feel about colonialism does not tell us what it is" (1972, p. 45).

The current research article highlighted the imperial-oriental and liberal issues included in E. M. Forster's A Passage to India that was considered as one of the colonial discourses. Forster criticizes properly the British imperialism according to the book incidents. To explore the above issues critically, the researcher focused on the concept of hegemony as one of the major arguments of the Marxist approach. This concept was first articulated by the prominent Marxist theorist Antonio Gramsci who divided it into two forms namely coercive hegemony and the consent one. In this regard, it is seen that the imperial values were represented by coercive hegemony, while the oriental discussions were represented the consent hegemony. Based on the book events, the British seen themselves as superior while the native Indians are inferior, and this classification comes under the consent hegemony according to the Gramsci's allegations. This research work aimed to reinterpret the imperial-oriental and liberal issues embodied in Forster's book, A Passage to India in the light of the Marxist perspective.

In this research paper, great efforts were given to analyze the two major female English characters of A Passage to India from a psychological perspective based upon the Freudian notions of his theory of psychoanalysis. It highlights the psycho-feminist domain and provides a detailed exploration of the psychoanalytic interpretation of this passage of literary articulation. It is observed that two basic critical theories are considered as two main perspectives related to the central topic of this article namely the psychoanalytic approach and the feminist theory. The mixture of both methods can be counted as a cornerstone of the new school of thought that is the feminist-psychology.. Hence, Freud is the founder of the psychoanalytic school of thought, and Mitchell is a great feminist who investigated Freudian arguments from a feminist perspective. It can be represented in both main female characters of the novel Miss Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore. Thus, the goal of this paper is to analyze the central female characters of Forester's A Passage to India according to Freudian psychoanalysis. Therefore, the Freudian pattern of Id, Ego, and Superego that surround the character's psyche will be discussed critically according to the Freudian arguments.

The present paper highlights the problems that are faced by children in their lives. Violence against children is a huge and serious problem over the world. Globally, at least ninety three million children have suffered violence that sometimes can cause them disability. It is a dangerous phenomenon as any other disastrous phenomena that threaten the life of million children throughout the world. Violence against children can cause a great deal of disastrous problems such as death, disability, mental and psychological crisis, social conflicts and chronicle complications that affect on their lives. Children almost have been received all kinds of violation in its both sides physically and morally. In particular way, children in Yemen are suffered all forms of oppressions, injustice, psychological and physical punishment, cruelty and aggressive actions. They face marginalization, psychological violence, maltreatment and political and religious exploitations in their daily lives.