The State of Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43696 km2 today, with 92 municipal districts and 185 d... more The State of Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43696 km2 today, with 92 municipal districts and 185 districts, as well as hundreds of villages and small settlements. There is a very dense hydrographic network dispersed on its territory, which allowed the penetration and occupation of the countryside during the colonization period. Its orography is defined by plane areas, hills and mountainous, with several massifs. Its fi rst place names date from the end of 1501 and beginning of 1502, besides the more known, Rio de Janeiro, which denominated the current Bay of Guanabara. The occupation, however, only began in 1503, with an administration installed in Cabo Frio. The colonization of its territory began when the hereditary captaincies were created, in1534, seeking the colonization, the territory administration and the protection against foreign invasions as well. At that time, however, the territory of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro had several changes, relating to its limits. As province, from 1759, some changes still occurred, and the consolidation of the territory only ended in the middles of the 19th Century, just during the Empire. This paper aims to draw a link among the Historical Cartography of Rio de Janeiro State, its territory and its toponymy, through a research accomplishing a study of its development searching the identifi cation and analysis of the extracted place names on the several analyzed historical maps. The territory of Rio de Janeiro has a vast cartography, since the 17th Century until the current days, however, there are not many maps relating to the 16th Century. In that way, it is possible, with the identifi cation of place names in the maps, the accomplishment of analyses that allow inferring important conclusions on the occupation way, the names´ structures, toponymic motivations among others. The developed methodology defined the identificationand storage of the place names, in a space time database, according a local coordinates system, relating to each worked map. Each geographical name was characterized by a punctual coordinate, even if a different geometry was associated. The analyses made on the maps, were relating to names distribution, regarding space occupation, density and feature type. Relating to the geographical names, the aspects of the original language and toponymic motivation were analyzed. It was still analyzed the toponymic changes on some of the geographical names over time. All place names will be included in space time database of the State of Rio de Janeiro. This research continues the research on Historical Cartography and Toponymy of the State of Rio de Janeiro, developed by the Laboratory of Cartography of the Department of Geography of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
The geoecological analysis are based on geoprocessing have been used more often to obtain resolut... more The geoecological analysis are based on geoprocessing have been used more often to obtain resolutions of complex and integrative needs, concerning the environmental studies. However, some doubts come up and they need to be resolved through scientific investigations. One of these doubts is not to consider the dimension of data and information to be used, which are not valuated from observations on real surface, thus it can not interpret the structure, function and dynamics of geoecological elements of a landscape correctly. According to what was exposed, this paper has the purpose of test some methods of development of DEM (Digital Elevation Model) in areas of irregular relief routine to obtain observations on real surface of linear and plain elements. The study was conducted in Tijuca massif - Rio de Janeiro on scale of 1: 10.000. The results show the better method to construct DEM in this study area, of irregular relief, was the DEM based on triangulated irregular network through D...
Geomorphology analyses are essentially to understand some characteristic that defines landscape s... more Geomorphology analyses are essentially to understand some characteristic that defines landscape structure and function at temporal scale established. In this kind of analysis the geoprocessing is an essential tool, because congregates several technologies that help in this work. However, some questions comes up and they need to be solved through scientific investigations. One of these questions is that there is
The geoecological analysis are based on geoprocessing have been used more often to obtain resolut... more The geoecological analysis are based on geoprocessing have been used more often to obtain resolutions of complex and integrative needs, concerning the environmental studies. However, some doubts come up and they need to be resolved through scientific investigations. One of these doubts is not to consider the dimension of data and information to be used, which are not valuated from observations on real surface, thus it can not interpret the structure, function and dynamics of geoecological elements of a landscape correctly. According to what was exposed, this paper has the purpose of test some methods of development of DEM (Digital Elevation Model) in areas of irregular relief routine to obtain observations on real surface of linear and plain elements. The study was conducted in Tijuca massif - Rio de Janeiro on scale of 1: 10.000. The results show the better method to construct DEM in this study area, of irregular relief, was the DEM based on triangulated irregular network through D...
Resumo A cidade do Rio de Janeiro possui dois compartimentos de relevo bem distintos, os maciços ... more Resumo A cidade do Rio de Janeiro possui dois compartimentos de relevo bem distintos, os maciços litorâneos e as áreas de baixada. Um desses maciços é o da Pedra Branca, que possui uma área de 197,27 Km 2 e se localiza entre os paralelos 22° 55' e 23° 05' S e os meridianos 43° 20' e 43° 40' W. O maciço da Pedra Branca, ao longo de sua história, tem sofrido constantemente com os incêndios florestais, que se constituem em um dos principais vetores diretos de transformação desta paisagem. O objetivo do trabalho é desenvolver um mapeamento da susceptibilidade à ocorrência de incêndios no maciço da Pedra Branca (RJ), na escala de 1:10.000, utilizando a abordagem geoecológica. Para desenvolver o mapa geoecológico de susceptibilidade, foram utilizadas 18 cartas topográficas e ortofotocartas de 1999, na escala de 1:10.000 do Instituto Pereira Passos/RJ (IPP). Através destes materiais foram elaborados mapas funcionais e estruturais da área de estudo, como mapa de orientação das encostas, mapa de forma das encostas, mapa do total de radiação solar do ano de 1999, uso e cobertura do solo do mesmo ano, além do modelo digital de elevação (MDE). Foram gerados dois mapas geoecológicos de susceptibilidade a ocorrência de incêndios florestais no maciço da Pedra Branca, que apresentam a distribuição das áreas mais e menos susceptíveis à incêndios. Estes mapas foram validados a partir de sua análise em duas áreas de queimadas identificadas, onde foi constatado o melhor mapeamento com índice de acerto 93,8% para áreas de alta susceptibilidade à ocorrência de incêndios. Espera-se que o estudo auxilie na elaboração de estratégias de combate a incêndios florestais. Abstract The city of Rio de Janeiro has two different relief compartments, the coastal massives and flood plain areas. One of these is the Pedra Branca massif, with 197.27 Km 2 , situated in the western part of the municipality, between 22° 55' and 23° 05' S and 43° 20'and 43° 40' W. Pedra Branca has suffered forest fires frequently over its history, which is one of the main actors of its changing landuse. The aim of this paper is to develop a susceptibility map of fires occurrence in the Pedra Branca massif / RJ, using a geoecological approach. For this purpose, several layers of functional and structures as shape in 1:10.000 scale, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), aspect, geomorphology and solar radiation was introduced through an analytical-integrative approach. All maps were 1:10.000 catastral maps from Pereira Passos Institute – IPP. The landuse was interpreted from 18 orthophotos in the same scale. Two geoecological susceptibility maps of fire, which show the susceptibility areas to fire occurrence in the Pedra Branca Massif have been generated. These maps were validated from the analysis of two burned areas identified, where the best adjusted map recognizes 93.8% of areas to fire. The susceptibility map developed presents susceptible fires areas and is expected to be used in strategic planning to combat wildfires.
Abstract. Environmental analyses in an integratives way, as the geoecologied one, are developed n... more Abstract. Environmental analyses in an integratives way, as the geoecologied one, are developed nowadays painting to a better knowledge of the landscape. Geoecology (Landscape Ecology) contains inside itself, the Geoecology Cartography, which together ...
Forest fires result from numerous causes, usually triggered by human agents. Nevertheless, the la... more Forest fires result from numerous causes, usually triggered by human agents. Nevertheless, the landscape has several characteristics that can ease fire generation and spread, which are important indicators for the prevention and combat of forest fires. The goal of this paper is to contribute methodologically to the field of forest fire susceptibility mapping through the application of knowledge models built with conceptual support from Geoecology, Data Mining and GEOBIA techniques. The study area is located in Brazil, more specifically in a protected area known as the Itatiaia National Park, an Atlantic Forest reminiscent area between the states of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. Multiple data sources were used in the development of the methodology: AVNIR‐2/ALOS imagery; Digital Elevation Models (DEM); and burned area reports acquired in situ from 2008 to 2012. The Geoecological variables were analyzed by means of data mining techniques which supported the generation of decision trees for susceptibility classification. Fire susceptibility mapping was then computed through a GEOBIA‐based classification technique. The results showed that the susceptibility mapping produced is highly correlated with the actual forest fires that occurred in the Park, even though they define a smaller percentage of high susceptibility areas when compared to prior susceptibility mapping initiatives for the study area.
The State of Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43696 km2 today, with 92 municipal districts and 185 d... more The State of Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43696 km2 today, with 92 municipal districts and 185 districts, as well as hundreds of villages and small settlements. There is a very dense hydrographic network dispersed on its territory, which allowed the penetration and occupation of the countryside during the colonization period. Its orography is defined by plane areas, hills and mountainous, with several massifs. Its fi rst place names date from the end of 1501 and beginning of 1502, besides the more known, Rio de Janeiro, which denominated the current Bay of Guanabara. The occupation, however, only began in 1503, with an administration installed in Cabo Frio. The colonization of its territory began when the hereditary captaincies were created, in1534, seeking the colonization, the territory administration and the protection against foreign invasions as well. At that time, however, the territory of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro had several changes, relating to its limits. As province, from 1759, some changes still occurred, and the consolidation of the territory only ended in the middles of the 19th Century, just during the Empire. This paper aims to draw a link among the Historical Cartography of Rio de Janeiro State, its territory and its toponymy, through a research accomplishing a study of its development searching the identifi cation and analysis of the extracted place names on the several analyzed historical maps. The territory of Rio de Janeiro has a vast cartography, since the 17th Century until the current days, however, there are not many maps relating to the 16th Century. In that way, it is possible, with the identifi cation of place names in the maps, the accomplishment of analyses that allow inferring important conclusions on the occupation way, the names´ structures, toponymic motivations among others. The developed methodology defined the identificationand storage of the place names, in a space time database, according a local coordinates system, relating to each worked map. Each geographical name was characterized by a punctual coordinate, even if a different geometry was associated. The analyses made on the maps, were relating to names distribution, regarding space occupation, density and feature type. Relating to the geographical names, the aspects of the original language and toponymic motivation were analyzed. It was still analyzed the toponymic changes on some of the geographical names over time. All place names will be included in space time database of the State of Rio de Janeiro. This research continues the research on Historical Cartography and Toponymy of the State of Rio de Janeiro, developed by the Laboratory of Cartography of the Department of Geography of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
The geoecological analysis are based on geoprocessing have been used more often to obtain resolut... more The geoecological analysis are based on geoprocessing have been used more often to obtain resolutions of complex and integrative needs, concerning the environmental studies. However, some doubts come up and they need to be resolved through scientific investigations. One of these doubts is not to consider the dimension of data and information to be used, which are not valuated from observations on real surface, thus it can not interpret the structure, function and dynamics of geoecological elements of a landscape correctly. According to what was exposed, this paper has the purpose of test some methods of development of DEM (Digital Elevation Model) in areas of irregular relief routine to obtain observations on real surface of linear and plain elements. The study was conducted in Tijuca massif - Rio de Janeiro on scale of 1: 10.000. The results show the better method to construct DEM in this study area, of irregular relief, was the DEM based on triangulated irregular network through D...
Geomorphology analyses are essentially to understand some characteristic that defines landscape s... more Geomorphology analyses are essentially to understand some characteristic that defines landscape structure and function at temporal scale established. In this kind of analysis the geoprocessing is an essential tool, because congregates several technologies that help in this work. However, some questions comes up and they need to be solved through scientific investigations. One of these questions is that there is
The geoecological analysis are based on geoprocessing have been used more often to obtain resolut... more The geoecological analysis are based on geoprocessing have been used more often to obtain resolutions of complex and integrative needs, concerning the environmental studies. However, some doubts come up and they need to be resolved through scientific investigations. One of these doubts is not to consider the dimension of data and information to be used, which are not valuated from observations on real surface, thus it can not interpret the structure, function and dynamics of geoecological elements of a landscape correctly. According to what was exposed, this paper has the purpose of test some methods of development of DEM (Digital Elevation Model) in areas of irregular relief routine to obtain observations on real surface of linear and plain elements. The study was conducted in Tijuca massif - Rio de Janeiro on scale of 1: 10.000. The results show the better method to construct DEM in this study area, of irregular relief, was the DEM based on triangulated irregular network through D...
Resumo A cidade do Rio de Janeiro possui dois compartimentos de relevo bem distintos, os maciços ... more Resumo A cidade do Rio de Janeiro possui dois compartimentos de relevo bem distintos, os maciços litorâneos e as áreas de baixada. Um desses maciços é o da Pedra Branca, que possui uma área de 197,27 Km 2 e se localiza entre os paralelos 22° 55' e 23° 05' S e os meridianos 43° 20' e 43° 40' W. O maciço da Pedra Branca, ao longo de sua história, tem sofrido constantemente com os incêndios florestais, que se constituem em um dos principais vetores diretos de transformação desta paisagem. O objetivo do trabalho é desenvolver um mapeamento da susceptibilidade à ocorrência de incêndios no maciço da Pedra Branca (RJ), na escala de 1:10.000, utilizando a abordagem geoecológica. Para desenvolver o mapa geoecológico de susceptibilidade, foram utilizadas 18 cartas topográficas e ortofotocartas de 1999, na escala de 1:10.000 do Instituto Pereira Passos/RJ (IPP). Através destes materiais foram elaborados mapas funcionais e estruturais da área de estudo, como mapa de orientação das encostas, mapa de forma das encostas, mapa do total de radiação solar do ano de 1999, uso e cobertura do solo do mesmo ano, além do modelo digital de elevação (MDE). Foram gerados dois mapas geoecológicos de susceptibilidade a ocorrência de incêndios florestais no maciço da Pedra Branca, que apresentam a distribuição das áreas mais e menos susceptíveis à incêndios. Estes mapas foram validados a partir de sua análise em duas áreas de queimadas identificadas, onde foi constatado o melhor mapeamento com índice de acerto 93,8% para áreas de alta susceptibilidade à ocorrência de incêndios. Espera-se que o estudo auxilie na elaboração de estratégias de combate a incêndios florestais. Abstract The city of Rio de Janeiro has two different relief compartments, the coastal massives and flood plain areas. One of these is the Pedra Branca massif, with 197.27 Km 2 , situated in the western part of the municipality, between 22° 55' and 23° 05' S and 43° 20'and 43° 40' W. Pedra Branca has suffered forest fires frequently over its history, which is one of the main actors of its changing landuse. The aim of this paper is to develop a susceptibility map of fires occurrence in the Pedra Branca massif / RJ, using a geoecological approach. For this purpose, several layers of functional and structures as shape in 1:10.000 scale, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), aspect, geomorphology and solar radiation was introduced through an analytical-integrative approach. All maps were 1:10.000 catastral maps from Pereira Passos Institute – IPP. The landuse was interpreted from 18 orthophotos in the same scale. Two geoecological susceptibility maps of fire, which show the susceptibility areas to fire occurrence in the Pedra Branca Massif have been generated. These maps were validated from the analysis of two burned areas identified, where the best adjusted map recognizes 93.8% of areas to fire. The susceptibility map developed presents susceptible fires areas and is expected to be used in strategic planning to combat wildfires.
Abstract. Environmental analyses in an integratives way, as the geoecologied one, are developed n... more Abstract. Environmental analyses in an integratives way, as the geoecologied one, are developed nowadays painting to a better knowledge of the landscape. Geoecology (Landscape Ecology) contains inside itself, the Geoecology Cartography, which together ...
Forest fires result from numerous causes, usually triggered by human agents. Nevertheless, the la... more Forest fires result from numerous causes, usually triggered by human agents. Nevertheless, the landscape has several characteristics that can ease fire generation and spread, which are important indicators for the prevention and combat of forest fires. The goal of this paper is to contribute methodologically to the field of forest fire susceptibility mapping through the application of knowledge models built with conceptual support from Geoecology, Data Mining and GEOBIA techniques. The study area is located in Brazil, more specifically in a protected area known as the Itatiaia National Park, an Atlantic Forest reminiscent area between the states of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. Multiple data sources were used in the development of the methodology: AVNIR‐2/ALOS imagery; Digital Elevation Models (DEM); and burned area reports acquired in situ from 2008 to 2012. The Geoecological variables were analyzed by means of data mining techniques which supported the generation of decision trees for susceptibility classification. Fire susceptibility mapping was then computed through a GEOBIA‐based classification technique. The results showed that the susceptibility mapping produced is highly correlated with the actual forest fires that occurred in the Park, even though they define a smaller percentage of high susceptibility areas when compared to prior susceptibility mapping initiatives for the study area.
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hundreds of villages and small settlements. There is a very dense hydrographic network dispersed on its territory, which allowed the penetration and occupation of the countryside during the colonization period. Its orography is defined by plane areas, hills and mountainous, with several massifs. Its fi rst place names date from the end of 1501 and beginning of 1502, besides the more known, Rio de Janeiro, which denominated the current Bay of Guanabara. The occupation, however, only began in 1503, with an administration installed in Cabo Frio. The colonization of its territory began when the hereditary captaincies were created, in1534, seeking the colonization, the territory administration and the protection against foreign invasions as well. At that time, however, the territory of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro had several changes, relating to its limits. As province, from 1759, some changes still occurred, and the consolidation of the territory only ended in the middles of the 19th Century, just during the Empire. This paper aims to draw a link among the Historical Cartography of Rio de Janeiro State, its territory and its toponymy, through a research accomplishing a study of its development searching the identifi cation and analysis of the extracted place names on the several analyzed historical maps. The territory of Rio de Janeiro has a vast cartography, since the 17th Century until the current days, however, there are not many maps relating to the 16th Century. In that way, it is possible, with the identifi cation of place names in the maps, the accomplishment of analyses that allow inferring important conclusions on the occupation way, the names´ structures, toponymic motivations among others. The developed methodology defined the identificationand storage of the place names, in a space time database, according a local coordinates system, relating to each worked map. Each geographical name was characterized by a punctual coordinate, even if a different geometry was associated. The analyses made on the maps, were relating to names distribution, regarding space occupation, density and feature type. Relating to the geographical names, the aspects of the original language and toponymic motivation were analyzed. It was still analyzed the toponymic changes on some of the geographical names over time. All place names will be included in space time database of the State of Rio de Janeiro. This research continues the research on Historical Cartography and Toponymy of the State of Rio de Janeiro, developed by the Laboratory of Cartography of the Department of Geography of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
hundreds of villages and small settlements. There is a very dense hydrographic network dispersed on its territory, which allowed the penetration and occupation of the countryside during the colonization period. Its orography is defined by plane areas, hills and mountainous, with several massifs. Its fi rst place names date from the end of 1501 and beginning of 1502, besides the more known, Rio de Janeiro, which denominated the current Bay of Guanabara. The occupation, however, only began in 1503, with an administration installed in Cabo Frio. The colonization of its territory began when the hereditary captaincies were created, in1534, seeking the colonization, the territory administration and the protection against foreign invasions as well. At that time, however, the territory of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro had several changes, relating to its limits. As province, from 1759, some changes still occurred, and the consolidation of the territory only ended in the middles of the 19th Century, just during the Empire. This paper aims to draw a link among the Historical Cartography of Rio de Janeiro State, its territory and its toponymy, through a research accomplishing a study of its development searching the identifi cation and analysis of the extracted place names on the several analyzed historical maps. The territory of Rio de Janeiro has a vast cartography, since the 17th Century until the current days, however, there are not many maps relating to the 16th Century. In that way, it is possible, with the identifi cation of place names in the maps, the accomplishment of analyses that allow inferring important conclusions on the occupation way, the names´ structures, toponymic motivations among others. The developed methodology defined the identificationand storage of the place names, in a space time database, according a local coordinates system, relating to each worked map. Each geographical name was characterized by a punctual coordinate, even if a different geometry was associated. The analyses made on the maps, were relating to names distribution, regarding space occupation, density and feature type. Relating to the geographical names, the aspects of the original language and toponymic motivation were analyzed. It was still analyzed the toponymic changes on some of the geographical names over time. All place names will be included in space time database of the State of Rio de Janeiro. This research continues the research on Historical Cartography and Toponymy of the State of Rio de Janeiro, developed by the Laboratory of Cartography of the Department of Geography of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.