Graph products of monoids provide a common framework for direct and free products, and graph monoids (also known as free partially commutative monoids). If the monoids in question are groups, then any graph product is, of course, a group.... more
Graph products of monoids provide a common framework for direct and free products, and graph monoids (also known as free partially commutative monoids). If the monoids in question are groups, then any graph product is, of course, a group. For monoids that are not groups, regularity is perhaps the first and most important algebraic property that one considers; however, graph products of regular monoids are not in general regular. We show that a graph product of regular monoids satisfies the related weaker condition of being abundant. More generally, we show that the classes of left abundant and left Fountain monoids are closed under graph product. The notions of abundancy and Fountainicity and their one-sided versions arise from many sources, for example, that of abundancy from projectivity of monogenic acts, and that of Fountainicity (also known as weak abundancy) from connections with ordered categories. As a very special case we obtain the earlier result of Fountain and Kambites t...
The relation % on a monoid S provides a natural generalisation of Green's-relation 73. If every %class of S contains an idempotent, S is left semiabundant; if R is a left congruence then S satisfies (CL). Regular monoids, indeed left... more
The relation % on a monoid S provides a natural generalisation of Green's-relation 73. If every %class of S contains an idempotent, S is left semiabundant; if R is a left congruence then S satisfies (CL). Regular monoids, indeed left abundant monoids, are left semiabundant and satisfy (CL). However, the class of left semiabundant monoids is much larger, as we illustrate with a number of examples. This is the first of three related papers exploring the relationship Setween unipotent monoids and left semiabundancy. We consider the situations where the power enlargement or the Szendrei ezpansion of a monoid yields a left semiabundant monoid with (CL). Using the Szendrei expansion and the notion of the least unipotent monoid congruence a on a monoid S, we construct functors : U + F and Fu : F -+ U such that (qSa is a left adjoint of Fu. Here U is the category of '1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 20 M 10 This work was started as part of the JNICT contract PBIC/C/CEN/1021/9...
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Free idempotent generated semigroups IG$(E)$, where $E$ is a biordered set, have provided a focus of recent research, the majority of the efforts concentrating on the behaviour of the maximal subgroups. Inspired by an example of... more
Free idempotent generated semigroups IG$(E)$, where $E$ is a biordered set, have provided a focus of recent research, the majority of the efforts concentrating on the behaviour of the maximal subgroups. Inspired by an example of Brittenham, Margolis and Meakin, several proofs have been offered that any group occurs as a maximal subgroup of some IG$(E)$, the most recent being that of Dolinka and Ru\v{s}kuc, who show that $E$ can be taken to be a band. From a result of Easdown, Sapir and Volkov, periodic elements of any IG$(E)$ lie in subgroups. However, little else is known of the `global' properties of IG$(E)$, other than that it need not be regular, even where $E$ is a semilattice. Since its introduction by Fountain in the late 1970s, the study of abundant and related semigroups has given rise to a deep and fruitful research area. The classes of abundant and adequate semigroups extend those of regular and inverse semigroups, respectively, and themselves are contained in the cla...
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Restriction semigroups and their one-sided versions arise from a number of sources. Attracting a deal of recent interest, they appear under a plethora of names in the literature. It is known that the class of left (right) restriction... more
Restriction semigroups and their one-sided versions arise from a number of sources. Attracting a deal of recent interest, they appear under a plethora of names in the literature. It is known that the class of left (right) restriction semigroups admits proper covers, and that proper left (right) restriction semigroups can be described by monoids acting on the right (left) of semilattices. As for restriction semigroups (the two-sided versions), proper covers are known to exist. Here we consider whether proper restriction semigroups can be described in a natural way by monoids acting on both sides of a semilattice. It transpires that to obtain the full class of proper restriction semigroups, we must use partial actions of monoids, thus recovering results of Petrich and Reilly and of Lawson for inverse semigroups and ample semigroups, respectively. We also describe the class of proper restriction semigroups such that the partial actions can be mutually extendable to actions. Proper inve...
We define a semigroup S to be right ideal Howson if the intersection of any two finitely generated right ideals, or, equivalently, any two principal right ideals, is again finitely generated. We give many examples of such semigroups,... more
We define a semigroup S to be right ideal Howson if the intersection of any two finitely generated right ideals, or, equivalently, any two principal right ideals, is again finitely generated. We give many examples of such semigroups, including right coherent monoids, finitely aligned semigroups, and inverse semigroups. We investigate the closure of the class of right ideal Howson semigroups under algebraic constructions. For any $$n \in \mathbb {N}^0$$ n ∈ N 0 we give a presentation of a right ideal Howson semigroup possessing an intersection of principal right ideals that requires exactly n generators that is, in a particular sense, universal. We give analogous presentations for commutative, and for commutative cancellative, (right) ideal Howson semigroups.
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We study properties determined by idempotents in the following families of matrix semigroups over a semiring [Formula: see text]: the full matrix semigroup [Formula: see text], the semigroup [Formula: see text] consisting of upper... more
We study properties determined by idempotents in the following families of matrix semigroups over a semiring [Formula: see text]: the full matrix semigroup [Formula: see text], the semigroup [Formula: see text] consisting of upper triangular matrices, and the semigroup [Formula: see text] consisting of all unitriangular matrices. Il’in has shown that (for [Formula: see text]) the semigroup [Formula: see text] is regular if and only if [Formula: see text] is a regular ring. We show that [Formula: see text] is regular if and only if [Formula: see text] and the multiplicative semigroup of [Formula: see text] is regular. The notions of being abundant or Fountain (formerly, weakly abundant) are weaker than being regular but are also defined in terms of idempotents, namely, every class of certain equivalence relations must contain an idempotent. Each of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] admits a natural anti-isomorphism allowing us to characterise abundance ...
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A monoid S is right coherent if every finitely generated subact of every finitely presented right S-act is finitely presented. This is the non-additive notion corresponding to that for a ring R stating that every finitely generated... more
A monoid S is right coherent if every finitely generated subact of every finitely presented right S-act is finitely presented. This is the non-additive notion corresponding to that for a ring R stating that every finitely generated submodule of every finitely presented right R-module is finitely presented. For monoids (and rings) right coherency is an important finitary property which determines, amongst other things, the existence of a model companion of the class of right S-acts (right R-modules) and hence that the class of existentially closed right S-acts (right R-modules) is axiomatisable. Choo, Lam and Luft have shown that free rings are right (and left) coherent; the authors, together with Ruškuc, have shown that (free) groups, free commutative monoids and free monoids have the same properties. It is then natural to ask whether other free algebras in varieties of monoids, possibly with an augmented signature, are right coherent. We demonstrate that free inverse monoids are no...
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A monoid S is said to be right coherent if every finitely generated subact of every finitely presented right S-act is finitely presented. Left coherency is defined dually and S is coherent if it is both right and left coherent. These... more
A monoid S is said to be right coherent if every finitely generated subact of every finitely presented right S-act is finitely presented. Left coherency is defined dually and S is coherent if it is both right and left coherent. These notions are analogous to those for a ring R (where, of course, S-acts are replaced by R-modules). Choo et al. have shown that free rings are coherent. In this paper we prove that, correspondingly, any free monoid is coherent, thus answering a question posed by Gould in 1992.
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For any biordered set of idempotents [Formula: see text] there is an initial object [Formula: see text], the free idempotent generated semigroup over[Formula: see text], in the category of semigroups generated by a set of idempotents... more
For any biordered set of idempotents [Formula: see text] there is an initial object [Formula: see text], the free idempotent generated semigroup over[Formula: see text], in the category of semigroups generated by a set of idempotents biorder-isomorphic to [Formula: see text]. Recent research on [Formula: see text] has focused on the behavior of the maximal subgroups. Inspired by an example of Brittenham, Margolis and Meakin, several proofs have been offered that any group occurs as a maximal subgroup of some [Formula: see text], the latest being that of Dolinka and Ruškuc, who show that [Formula: see text] can be taken to be a band. From a result of Easdown, Sapir and Volkov, periodic elements of any [Formula: see text] lie in subgroups. However, little else is known of the “global” properties of [Formula: see text], other than that it need not be regular, even where [Formula: see text] is a semilattice. The aim of this paper is to deepen our understanding of the overall structure o...
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A monoid $S$ is right coherent if every finitely generated subact of every finitely presented right $S$-act is finitely presented. The corresponding notion for a ring $R$ states that every finitely generated submodule of every finitely... more
A monoid $S$ is right coherent if every finitely generated subact of every finitely presented right $S$-act is finitely presented. The corresponding notion for a ring $R$ states that every finitely generated submodule of every finitely presented right $R$-module is finitely presented. For monoids (and rings) right coherency is a finitary property which determines the existence of a model companion of the class of right $S$-acts (right $R$-modules) and hence that the class of existentially closed right $S$-acts (right $R$-modules) is axiomatisable. Choo, Lam and Luft have shown that free rings are right (and left) coherent; the authors, together with Ruskuc, have shown that groups, and free monoids, have the same properties. We demonstrate that free inverse monoids do not. Any free inverse monoid contains as a submonoid the free left ample monoid, and indeed the free monoid, on the same set of generators. The main objective of the paper is to show that the free left ample monoid is r...
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We examine, in a general setting, a notion of inverse semigroup of left quotients, which we call left I-quotients. This concept has appeared, and has been used, as far back as Clifford's seminal work describing bisimple inverse... more
We examine, in a general setting, a notion of inverse semigroup of left quotients, which we call left I-quotients. This concept has appeared, and has been used, as far back as Clifford's seminal work describing bisimple inverse monoids in terms of their right unit subsemigroups. As a consequence of our approach, we find a straightforward way of extending Clifford's work to bisimple inverse semigroups (a step that has previously proved to be awkward). We also put some earlier work on Gantos into a wider and clearer context, and pave the way for further progress.
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A monoid S satisfies Condition (A) if every locally cyclic left S-act is cyclic. This condition first arose in Isbell's work on left perfect monoids, that is, monoids such that every left S-act has a projective cover. Isbell showed... more
A monoid S satisfies Condition (A) if every locally cyclic left S-act is cyclic. This condition first arose in Isbell's work on left perfect monoids, that is, monoids such that every left S-act has a projective cover. Isbell showed that S is left perfect if and only if every cyclic left S-act has a projective cover and Condition (A) holds. Fountain built on Isbell's work to show that S is left perfect if and only if it satisfies Condition (A) together with the descending chain condition on principal right ideals, MR. We note that a ring is left perfect (with an analogous definition) if and only if it satisfies MR. The appearance of Condition (A) in this context is, therefore, monoid specific. Condition (A) has a number of alternative characterisations, in particular, it is equivalent to the ascending chain condition on cyclic subacts of any left S-act. In spite of this, it remains somewhat esoteric. The first aim of this paper is to investigate the preservation of Condition ...
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The technique of covers is now well established in semigroup theory. The idea is, given a semigroup S, to find a semigroup S having a better understood structure than that of S, and an onto morphism ? of a specific kind from S to S. With... more
The technique of covers is now well established in semigroup theory. The idea is, given a semigroup S, to find a semigroup S having a better understood structure than that of S, and an onto morphism ? of a specific kind from S to S. With the right conditions on ?, the behaviour of S is closely linked to that
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... 55 1997 185 195 c 1997 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. RESEARCH ARTICLE Cancellative Orders David Easdown and Victoria Gould Communicated by JM Howie ... Hence a bLbLbaLb aLa bb a: This gives that a bHa bb a and so q = a b lies in a... more
... 55 1997 185 195 c 1997 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. RESEARCH ARTICLE Cancellative Orders David Easdown and Victoria Gould Communicated by JM Howie ... Hence a bLbLbaLb aLa bb a: This gives that a bHa bb a and so q = a b lies in a subgroup of Q. ...
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SynopsisAn alternative proof of a theorem which characterises orders in semiprime rings with minimal condition is given. The approach used is to make use of the corresponding result for prime rings and is inspired by Herstein's proof... more
SynopsisAn alternative proof of a theorem which characterises orders in semiprime rings with minimal condition is given. The approach used is to make use of the corresponding result for prime rings and is inspired by Herstein's proof of Goldie's theorem on orders in semisimple Artinian rings.
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ABSTRACT
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Let S be a subsemigroup of a semigroup Q. Then Q is a semigroup of left quotients of S if every element of Q can be written as a*b, where a lies in a group -class of Q and a* is the inverse of a in this group; in addition, we insist that... more
Let S be a subsemigroup of a semigroup Q. Then Q is a semigroup of left quotients of S if every element of Q can be written as a*b, where a lies in a group -class of Q and a* is the inverse of a in this group; in addition, we insist that every element of S satisfying a weak cancellation condition named square-cancellable lie in a subgroup of Q.J. B. Fountain and M. Petrich gave an example of a semigroup having two non-isomorphic semigroups of left quotients. More positive results are available if we restrict the classes of semigroups from which the semigroups of left quotients may come. For example, a semigroup has at most one bisimple inverse ω-semigroup of left quotients. The crux of the matter is the restrictions to a semigroup S of Green's relations ℛ and ℒ in a semigroup of quotients of S. With this in mind we give necessary and sufficient conditions for two semigroups of left quotients of S to be isomorphic under an isomorphism fixing S pointwise.The above result is then u...
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If $A$ is a stable basis algebra of rank $n$, then the set $S_{n-1}$ of endomorphisms of rank at most $n-1$ is a subsemigroup of the endomorphism monoid of $A$. This paper gives a number of necessary and sufficient conditions for... more
If $A$ is a stable basis algebra of rank $n$, then the set $S_{n-1}$ of endomorphisms of rank at most $n-1$ is a subsemigroup of the endomorphism monoid of $A$. This paper gives a number of necessary and sufficient conditions for $S_{n-1}$ to be generated by idempotents. These conditions are satisfied by finitely generated free modules over Euclidean domains and by free left $T$-sets of finite rank, where $T$ is cancellative monoid in which every finitely generated left ideal is principal.
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Throughout this paper S will denote a given monoid and R a given ring with unity. A set A is a right S-system if there is a map φ:A × S→A satisfyingandfor any element a of A and any elements s, t of S. For φ(a, s) we write as and we refer... more
Throughout this paper S will denote a given monoid and R a given ring with unity. A set A is a right S-system if there is a map φ:A × S→A satisfyingandfor any element a of A and any elements s, t of S. For φ(a, s) we write as and we refer to right S-systems simply as S-systems. One has the obvious definitions of an S-subsystem, an S-homomorphism and a congruence on an S-system. The reader ispresumed to be familiar with the basic definitions concerning right R-modules over R. As with S-systems we will refer to right R-modules just as R-modules.