Graciela Vega

BACKGROUND: Adopting awkward postures at work has a great impact on productivity and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Considering anthropometric data in the design of products and workplaces can diminish this impact. The traditional univariate-percentile-approach is one of the most implemented in the anthropometric analysis, even though it has proved limitations in comparison with multivariate-approaches. OBJECTIVE: To develop univariate and multivariate hand models considering four anthropometric dimensions, and to theoretically compare the univariate and multivariate accommodation percentages. METHODS: Univariate percentile models corresponding to the database of real subject nearest-neighbors to the 5th and 95th percentiles were obtained for the male and female population. Two multivariate approaches were implemented on the central 90% of both populations: 2D principal component analysis and archetypal analysis. The accommodation percentage for each family of models was ob...

Anthropometric characteristics should be considered in the hand tools, workstations, and product design to diminish the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Even though univariate approaches disadvantages when used in multivariate analysis, most designs are based on the traditional percentile anthropometric data. This study obtained hand models through the univariate percentile values (1–99%) and two multivariate approaches: Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Archetypal Analysis (AA) based on four hand dimensions. Fourteen hand models were obtained by the PCA, while three, five, and nine archetypal analysis k-value were selected after a root sum of squares analysis for k = 1,…, 12 archetypes. Results suggest that AA models could provide higher accommodation levels, followed by PCA models and percentile values.

One of the most frequently-used body regions in daily activities is the upper limbs, and many of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders occur in this area, mainly the hands. We highlight the importance of studying hand movements executed at work, and how they affect workers’ health and productivity. Data were collected from a hand-motion capture system conformed by six inertial measurement units and six resistive force sensors from hand and fingers movements. Two common hand movements were analyzed using wrist flexion-extension with a small (−15° to 15°) and medium ( 15°) range of motion and flexion-extension movement with the hand pronated-supinated. Data were classified by traditional methods. A more complex movement involving a 3-finger spherical grip was also recorded. It was found that the lectures from the six inertial sensors and the six force resistive sensors showed a pattern that facilitates the recognition of basic and more complex movements (flexion-extension and spheric handgrip) through visual analysis of the plotted data, even at different ranges of motion.

Este trabajo que he realizado fue elaborado a través del método descriptivo prospectivo, con intervención logopédica, el mismo que trata sobre Evaluación e intervención logopédica en los niños con trastornos del habla; que asisten a la escuela fiscalHonorato Vásquez. Periodo 2012. El universo estuvo formado por 197 niños y niñas de inicial a cuarto año de educación básica de la Escuela Fiscal Honorato Vásquez de la ciudad de Cuenca, la cual fue seleccionada aleatoriamente, presentándose trastornos del habla en 30 niños y niñas; con dislalia un (14.21%) respectivamente y con disfemia con (1,02%) en la cual no se presentaron casos de disglosia ni disartria al total de niños que se los evaluó. La dislalia se presentó en un 7% (4 años), 4.06%(5 años), 2.03%(6 años) y 1.01% (7 años). En lo que se refiere a procedencia la dislalia se presentó en un (13,21%) en el área urbana y (1.01%) área rural. Después de aplicar el test de la disfemia observamos que la disfemiatónica solo se presentó en el género masculino en (1.76%) a la edad de 8 años. Después de la intervención logopédica del total de niños y niñas que presentaron dislalia, el 8.12% supero su trastorno articulatorio de los niños y niñas re-evaluados mientras que el 7,1% no lo supero, observándose que el sexo masculino fue el que más superó los trastornos articulatorios (5,07%). Los niños y niñas del área urbana fueron los que más superaron su trastorno articulatorio (7,12%) comparada con el área rural (1.01%).auThe current work has been done by using the descriptive-prospective method, with speech therapy intervention, whose objective was to evaluate and intervene through speech therapy the speech disorders (dyslalia, disfemia, diglossia, and dysarthria) through screening (revision of words previously mentioned) in children (boys and girls) of “Honorato Vásquez” public elementary school from kindergarten until the fourth level of basic education with the help of the application of articulation tests, the evaluation of disfemia, and oral peripheral mechanism. The sample was collected taking into consideration 197 boys and girls. The 15.3% of the children evaluated presented speech disorders, divided into the 14.21% who presented dislalia, and the 1.02% presented disfemia. There was no presence of diglossia or dysarthria. According to gender, 16.82% of boys presented dislalia, contrary to the 12% of girls who presented this disorder. Concerning disfemia, the 1.76% represents boys; however, the 0% of the girls presented this problem. The most frequent ages in which dislalia was shown was between 4-5 years, representing a 56.62%. Disfemia was mostly found in 8-year-old kids (5%). After the speech therapy intervention and the post evaluation of boys and girls, the 8.12% overcame their speech disorder, while the 7.1% could overcame their dislalia. The disfemia cases at 0.51% overcome her disorder. DeCS: Language tests-statistics & numerical dat; Speech Disorders- classification; Speech Disorders- epidemiology; Speech disorders- rehabilitation; Children; Child, Preschool; Students; Cuenca-EcuadorLicenciado en FonoaudiologíaCuenc