Research Interests:
Research Interests: Genetics, Biology, Medicine, Gene expression, Gene Mapping, and 15 moreAnimal Genetics, Livestock, Mapping, Animal, Animals, Microsatellite, Horses, Genome, Horse, Chromosome, Genotype, Inbreeding, Linkage Group, Markers, and C
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT The genetic effects on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., populations from potential bottleneck situations caused by human activities in two Norwegian rivers, Lærdalselva and Batnfjordelva, were studied by analysing DNA from fish... more
ABSTRACT The genetic effects on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., populations from potential bottleneck situations caused by human activities in two Norwegian rivers, Lærdalselva and Batnfjordelva, were studied by analysing DNA from fish scales collected before and after the populations had been exposed to human-induced changes: river regulation, Gyrodactylus salaris infection and rotenone treatment. Using 15 microsatellites, no significant changes were found in the genetic structure and diversity of four population samples from Lærdalselva collected over 34 years. However, salmon from Lærdalselva were significantly differentiated from nearby (Årøyelva) and more distant (Batnfjordelva and Suldalslågen) populations, testifying to the power of the marker system to detect small genetic differences. Furthermore, two population samples from Batnfjordelva, collected 20 years apart, showed low but significant differentiation. The lack of effects on neutral genetic composition in Lærdalselva, despite several potentially severe bottleneck events, indicates that stocking and sea cohorts maintain the status quo of this population.
Research Interests:
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nature of ossification of the cartilages in the front feet of young, about 2-year-old Norwegian coldblooded horses, and to compare offspring of different sires in this respect.... more
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nature of ossification of the cartilages in the front feet of young, about 2-year-old Norwegian coldblooded horses, and to compare offspring of different sires in this respect. Dorsopalmar radiographs of the front feet of 392 horses (187 female and 205 male) were evaluated for ossification at the base of the cartilage and for separate centres of ossification. The horses were offspring of 45 different sires. Ossification extending above the navicular bone and separate centres of ossification were considered as significant. Minimal to mild ossification at the base of the cartilages was commonly seen, and significant ossification was present in one or more of the cartilages in 11.5% of the horses. The lateral compared to medial cartilages had more ossification and females had more ossification and more separate centres of ossification than males. The prevalence of horses with significant ossifications was significantly higher (46.3%) among offspring of one frequently used stallion than in the group consisting of offspring of 4 other popular stallions (3.5%) and in another group consisting of offspring of other, less frequently used stallions (9.6%). Ossification of the cartilages is considered to have a hereditary background in Norwegian coldblooded horses.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Traditional reindeer herding of northern Fennoscandia has been based on seasonal movements independent of national borders. At the beginning of the 19th century, these yearly movements of reindeer were excessive, but during that century... more
Traditional reindeer herding of northern Fennoscandia has been based on seasonal movements independent of national borders. At the beginning of the 19th century, these yearly movements of reindeer were excessive, but during that century the borders between the Fennoscandian countries were closed. By analysing a 190-base pair fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region in 79 museum samples, we show that the reindeer of northern Fennoscandia were one homogenous population shortly after the national borders were closed. However, anthropogenic activity has effectively ended genetic exchange within northern Fennoscandia and has made the reindeer population within this region heterogeneous. Genetic input of eastern origin is also suggested within the extant Russian reindeer of the Kola Peninsula.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT The evaluation of the genetic structure of four native Norwegian horse breeds was investigated using 35 genetic markers including nine biochemical loci and 26 microsatellites. The proportion of genetic variation measured as... more
ABSTRACT The evaluation of the genetic structure of four native Norwegian horse breeds was investigated using 35 genetic markers including nine biochemical loci and 26 microsatellites. The proportion of genetic variation measured as heterozygosity and the number of alleles indicated high variation in Fjord Horse and Coldblooded Trotter, but somewhat reduced variation in Døle Horse. No clear signs of bottleneck effects were found in either of the breeds, but significant inbreeding estimates in Nordland/Lyngen Horse may indicate subdivision of this breed. Significant population differentiation was detected between all breeds, also between the recently diverged Døle Horse and Coldblooded Trotter. The principal component analysis supports the close genetic relationship between these two breeds.ZusammenfassungDie genetische Struktur von vier in Norwegen heimischen Pferderassen wurde mit Hilfe von 35 genetischen Markören bestehend aus neun biochemischen Loci und 26 Mikrosatelliten untersucht. Der Umfang der genetischen Variation, gemessen als Heterozygozitt und Anzahl Allelen, deutet eine grosse Variation beim Norwegischen Fjordpferd und Kaltbluttraber an, aber eine geringere beim Dölepferd. In keine der Rassen wurden klare Anzeichen eines Flaschenhalseffektes gefunden, aber hohe Inzuchtschtzwerte des Nordland/Lyngenpferdes lassen eine Unterteilung dieser Rasse vermuten. Zwischen allen Rassen wurde signifikante Populationsunterschiede gefunden, auch zwischen den erst neulich getrennten Dölepferd und Kaltbluttraber. Die enge genetische Beziehung zwischen diesen beiden Rassen wird durch die Hauptkomponentenanalyse unterstützt.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
We report the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) characterization of 77 indigenous chickens (fighting and meat birds) from Madagascar, using DNA sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the D-loop. Comparison with reference samples from the... more
We report the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) characterization of 77 indigenous chickens (fighting and meat birds) from Madagascar, using DNA sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the D-loop. Comparison with reference samples from the African continent and Asia revealed two mtDNA haplogroups, suggesting a dual geographic and genetic origin for the indigenous Malagasy chickens. The most common haplogroup was present in 65 individuals of the two types; it is likely of Indonesian origin. The second haplogroup was observed in 12 fighting birds and meat chickens; it could be of African continental origin and/or the result of recent introgression with commercial lines. We further studied a G/A single nucleotide polymorphism at nucleotide position 1892 bp of the coding sequence of the Mx gene that is reported to be one of the candidate susceptible/resistant genes to viral infection in chicken. Our results indicate the "susceptible" allele G is the most common with frequencies of 65% and 70% in Malagasy fighting and meat chickens, respectively. However, the allelic frequency difference between the two types of chickens is not significant (P > 0.05). These results are discussed in light of our current linguistic and archaeological knowledge on the origin of indigenous Malagasy chickens.
Research Interests:
... Male parental care promotes early fledging in an open-nester, the Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus. - Ibis 138: 229-235. Burke, T. and Bruford, MW 1987. DNA fingerprinting in birds. - Nature 327: 149-152. Davies, NB, Hatchwell,... more
... Male parental care promotes early fledging in an open-nester, the Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus. - Ibis 138: 229-235. Burke, T. and Bruford, MW 1987. DNA fingerprinting in birds. - Nature 327: 149-152. Davies, NB, Hatchwell, BJ, Robson, T. and Burke, T. 1992. ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Additional file 1: Fig. S1. mtDNA D-loop variation of 88 haplotypes found in the 706 village chicken. Fig. S2. Median-Joining network for Algerian haplotypes (n = 13). Fig. S3. Median-Joining network for Ethiopian haplotypes (n = 36).... more
Additional file 1: Fig. S1. mtDNA D-loop variation of 88 haplotypes found in the 706 village chicken. Fig. S2. Median-Joining network for Algerian haplotypes (n = 13). Fig. S3. Median-Joining network for Ethiopian haplotypes (n = 36). Fig. S4. Median-Joining network for Iraqi haplotypes (n = 18). Fig. S5. Median-Joining network for Libyan haplotypes (n = 10). Fig. S6. Median-Joining network for Pakistani haplotypes (n = 19). Fig. S7. Median-Joining network for Saudi Arabia haplotypes (n = 26). Fig. S8. Maximum likelihood tree for the 136 haplotypes and references from Liu et al. [14]. Fig. S9. Median-Joining network for 136 haplotypes of the collected and downloaded samples. Fig. S10. Mismatch distribution patterns of populations included in this study. Table S1. Downloaded sequences from GeneBank. Table S2a. Haplotype diversity significant differences among Iraqi populations. Table S2b. Nucleotide diversity significant differences among Iraqi populations. Table S3a. Haplotype diver...
Research Interests: Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Phylogeography, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and 15 moreEast Africa, Population Dynamics, Kenya, Ethiopia, Genetic Diversity, Indian Ocean, Mitochondrial DNA, Haplotypes, Animals, Asia, Molecular phylogenetics, Chickens, Control Region, Genetic Improvement, and Gene pool
Research Interests:
We report the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) characterization of 77 indigenous chickens (fighting and meat birds) from Madagascar, using DNA sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the D-loop. Comparison with reference samples from the... more
We report the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) characterization of 77 indigenous chickens (fighting and meat birds) from Madagascar, using DNA sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the D-loop. Comparison with reference samples from the African continent and Asia revealed two mtDNA haplogroups, suggesting a dual geographic and genetic origin for the indigenous Malagasy chickens. The most common haplogroup was present in 65 individuals of the two types; it is likely of Indonesian origin. The second haplogroup was observed in 12 fighting birds and meat chickens; it could be of African continental origin and/or the result of recent introgression with commercial lines. We further studied a G/A single nucleotide polymorphism at nucleotide position 1892 bp of the coding sequence of the Mx gene that is reported to be one of the candidate susceptible/resistant genes to viral infection in chicken. Our results indicate the "susceptible" allele G is the most common with frequencies of 65% and 70% in Malagasy fighting and meat chickens, respectively. However, the allelic frequency difference between the two types of chickens is not significant (P > 0.05). These results are discussed in light of our current linguistic and archaeological knowledge on the origin of indigenous Malagasy chickens.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Traditional reindeer herding of northern Fennoscandia has been based on seasonal movements independent of national borders. At the beginning of the 19th century, these yearly movements of reindeer were excessive, but during that century... more
Traditional reindeer herding of northern Fennoscandia has been based on seasonal movements independent of national borders. At the beginning of the 19th century, these yearly movements of reindeer were excessive, but during that century the borders between the Fennoscandian countries were closed. By analysing a 190-base pair fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region in 79 museum samples, we show that the reindeer of northern Fennoscandia were one homogenous population shortly after the national borders were closed. However, anthropogenic activity has effectively ended genetic exchange within northern Fennoscandia and has made the reindeer population within this region heterogeneous. Genetic input of eastern origin is also suggested within the extant Russian reindeer of the Kola Peninsula.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Background Indigenous domestic chicken represents a major source of protein for agricultural communities around the world. In the Middle East and Africa, they are adapted to hot dry and semi-dry areas, in contrast to their wild ancestor,... more
Background Indigenous domestic chicken represents a major source of protein for agricultural communities around the world. In the Middle East and Africa, they are adapted to hot dry and semi-dry areas, in contrast to their wild ancestor, the Red junglefowl, which lives in humid and sub-humid tropical areas. Indigenous populations are declining following increased demand for poultry meat and eggs, favouring the more productive exotic commercial breeds. In this paper, using the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA as a maternally inherited genetic marker, we address the question of the origin and dispersal routes of domestic chicken of the Middle East (Iraq and Saudi Arabia), the northern part of the African continent (Algeria and Libya) and the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia). Results The analysis of the mtDNA D-loop of 706 chicken samples from Iraq (n = 107), Saudi Arabia (n = 185), Algeria (n = 88), Libya (n = 23), Ethiopia (n = 211) and Pakistan (n = 92) show the presence of five haplogroups (A,...
Research Interests: Genetics, Africa, Evaluation, Iraq, Middle East, and 3 moreAnimal Genetics, Chicken, and Dispersal Routes
Research Interests: Geochemistry, Stable Isotope Analysis, Medieval Archaeology, Turkey, Byzantine Archaeology, and 8 moreStrontium Isotope Analysis, History and Archaeology of Asia Minor, Archaeology of pilgrimage, Medieval pilgrimage, Hierapolis, Death and Burial Archaeology, Roman Imperial Archaeology, and Byzantine Pilgrimage
Research Interests: Genetics, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Classics, History of Medicine, and 15 moreLate Antique Archaeology, Greek Epigraphy, Funerary Archaeology, Byzantine Studies, Late Antiquity, Latin Epigraphy, Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Human Osteology, Funerary Practices, Asia Minor, Hierapolis, Death and Burial Archaeology, Ancient Greek and Roman Necropoleis, Antik Dönem Mezarları, and Burial Practices Archaeology
Siden 1957 har italienske forskere drevet arkeologiske undersøkelser i den antikke byen Hierapolis i Lilleasia (figur 1).1 I 2007 ble norske arkeologer og naturvitere invitert til å undersøke en av byens gravplasser, den såkalte... more
Siden 1957 har italienske forskere drevet arkeologiske undersøkelser i den antikke byen Hierapolis i Lilleasia (figur 1).1 I 2007 ble norske arkeologer og naturvitere invitert til å undersøke en av byens gravplasser, den såkalte Nordøst-nekropolen. Det norske forskningsprosjektets primære mål var å foreta en full typologisk dokumentasjon av alle synlige graver og sarkofager på denne gravplassen, deres topografiske utbredelse og organisasjon, dernest å foreta utgravninger av utvalgte gravbygninger og gravområder for å avdekke nekropolens bruksperioder. Valget falt på en gruppe med tre bygninger og tre sarkofager i nekropolens øverste del; i tillegg ble det foretatt noen spredte stikkgravninger rundt i gravplassområdet. Dette arbeidet dannet grunnlaget for videre studier, der vi i en sosial sammenheng ønsket å undersøke en bybefolkning i detalj over en lengre periode gjennom studier av gravarkitektur og landskapsoppfatning, organisasjon, familietilhørighet og entreprenørvirksomhet, ri...
Research Interests: Genetics, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Classics, History of Medicine, and 15 moreLate Antique Archaeology, Greek Epigraphy, Funerary Archaeology, Byzantine Studies, Late Antiquity, Latin Epigraphy, Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, Human Osteology, Funerary Practices, Asia Minor, Hierapolis, Death and Burial Archaeology, Ancient Greek and Roman Necropoleis, Antik Dönem Mezarları, and Burial Practices Archaeology
Research Interests:
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nature of ossification of the cartilages in the front feet of young, about 2-year-old Norwegian coldblooded horses, and to compare offspring of different sires in this respect.... more
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nature of ossification of the cartilages in the front feet of young, about 2-year-old Norwegian coldblooded horses, and to compare offspring of different sires in this respect. Dorsopalmar radiographs of the front feet of 392 horses (187 female and 205 male) were evaluated for ossification at the base of the cartilage and for separate centres of ossification. The horses were offspring of 45 different sires. Ossification extending above the navicular bone and separate centres of ossification were considered as significant. Minimal to mild ossification at the base of the cartilages was commonly seen, and significant ossification was present in one or more of the cartilages in 11.5% of the horses. The lateral compared to medial cartilages had more ossification and females had more ossification and more separate centres of ossification than males. The prevalence of horses with significant ossifications was significantly higher (46.3%)...
Research Interests: Breeding, Biological Sciences, Cartilage, Female, Animals, and 3 moreMale, Horses, and Sex Characteristics
We report the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) characterization of 77 indigenous chickens (fighting and meat birds) from Madagascar, using DNA sequences of the first hyper-variable segment of the D-loop. Comparison with reference samples from... more
We report the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) characterization of 77 indigenous chickens (fighting and meat birds) from Madagascar, using DNA sequences of the first hyper-variable segment of the D-loop. Comparison with reference samples from the African continent and Asia revealed two mtDNA haplogroups, suggesting a dual geographic and genetic origin for the indigenous Malagasy chickens. The most common haplogroup was present in 65 individuals of the two types; it is likely of Indonesian origin. The second haplogroup was observed in 12 fighting birds and meat chickens; it could be of African continental origin and/or the result of recent introgression with commercial lines. We further studied a G/A single nucleotide polymorphism at nucleotide position 1892 bp of the coding sequence of the Mx gene that is reported to be one of the candidate suscep-tible/resistant genes to viral infection in chicken. Our results indicate the "susceptible" allele G is the most common with frequenci...
Research Interests:
The medieval Norsemen or Vikings had an important biological and cultural impact on many parts of Europe through raids, colonization and trade, from about AD 793 to 1066. To help understand the genetic affinities of the ancient Norsemen,... more
The medieval Norsemen or Vikings had an important biological and cultural impact on many parts of Europe through raids, colonization and trade, from about AD 793 to 1066. To help understand the genetic affinities of the ancient Norsemen, and their genetic contribution to the gene pool of other Europeans, we analysed DNA markers in Late Iron Age skeletal remains from Norway. DNA was extracted from 80 individuals, and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms were detected by next-generation sequencing. The sequences of 45 ancient Norwegians were verified as genuine through the identification of damage patterns characteristic of ancient DNA. The ancient Norwegians were genetically similar to previously analysed ancient Icelanders, and to present-day Shetland and Orkney Islanders, Norwegians, Swedes, Scots, English, German and French. The Viking Age population had higher frequencies of K*, U*, V* and I* haplogroups than their modern counterparts, but a lower proportion of T* and H* haplogroups. ...