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PURPOSE FOR REVIEW: Phacoemulsification is the preferred method for cataract surgery in the developed world. The number of phacoemulsification procedures performed annually is expected to increase as the population ages. Femtosecond... more
PURPOSE FOR REVIEW: Phacoemulsification is the preferred method for cataract surgery in the developed world. The number of phacoemulsification procedures performed annually is expected to increase as the population ages. Femtosecond cataract surgery offers several surgical advantages over conventional phacoemulsification and has already attained commercial application in some countries. The purpose of this review is to outline the benefits, risks and commercial issues of femtosecond lasers as applied to cataract surgery. Cataract surgeons are adopting femtosecond technology to perform laser capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, clear cornea incisions and limbal relaxing incisions. Femtosecond lasers clearly perform these surgical steps with greater precision and reproducibility. Further benefits such as improved postoperative refractive results and reduced complication rates are being investigated. Commercial issues have invariably arisen such as cost of installation and operation, value proposition and return on investment. Femtosecond cataract surgery is an evolving procedure that can potentially lead to better and safer surgical outcomes. This review presents the currently available scientific evidence and discusses some of the relevant financial issues concerning this technology.
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Research Interests: Ophthalmology, Optical coherence tomography, Medicine, Dexamethasone, Humans, and 15 moreDiabetic Retinopathy, Female, Male, Intraocular Pressure, Multimodal imaging, Aged, Middle Aged, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Implant, Glucocorticoids, Macular edema, Intravitreal Injections, Ocular Hypertension, Diabetic macular edema, and Antihypertensive agents
Results The mean age at consultation was 43 ± 17 years (range 5 to 83). The maleto-female ratio was 1:1.3. The racial distribution consisted of Malay (77%), Chinese (22%), and Indian (1%). Forty-one patients (40%) presented with anterior... more
Results The mean age at consultation was 43 ± 17 years (range 5 to 83). The maleto-female ratio was 1:1.3. The racial distribution consisted of Malay (77%), Chinese (22%), and Indian (1%). Forty-one patients (40%) presented with anterior uveitis, 15 (15%) with intermediate uveitis, 19 (18%) with posterior uveitis, and 28 (27%) with panuveitis. The most frequent diagnoses were idiopathic anterior uveitis (24%), pars planitis (14%), multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (9%), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (9%), and Behcet’s disease (8%). Long-term systemic therapy was needed for control of uveitis in 66 (64%) patients. Twenty patients (20%) developed sight-threatening ocular complications. Twelve patients (12%) with panuveitis became bilaterally blind.
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Purpose: To ascertain the possible effects of an laser-assisted intralenticular accommodation restoration treatment on post-operative intraocular pressure. Methods: 80 eyes of 80 patients underwent intercapsular photodisruption to assess... more
Purpose: To ascertain the possible effects of an laser-assisted intralenticular accommodation restoration treatment on post-operative intraocular pressure. Methods: 80 eyes of 80 patients underwent intercapsular photodisruption to assess feasibility of laser-assised lenticular accommodation restoration at the Asian Eye Institute (Makati City, Philippines). Each patient’s intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a Tonopen (Reichert, Clevelent, OH) at the pre-operative visit, 5 minutes before the procedure, 5 minutes post-procedure, and at the 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month post-operative visits. Pre-operative IOP was then compared to IOP at each post-operative instance. Results: Average (SD) measurements for IOP at the 1 day pre-op, 5 mins pre-op, 5 mins post-op, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month post-op visits were 15.06 (3.41), 17.75 (4.56), 20.49 (8.81), 13.93 (2.89), 15.55 (3.28), 14.26 (3.44), and 15.18 (3.55), respectively. Change (SD, p-value) in IOP 5 mins post-op compared ...
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PURPOSE FOR REVIEW: Phacoemulsification is the preferred method for cataract surgery in the developed world. The number of phacoemulsification procedures performed annually is expected to increase as the population ages. Femtosecond... more
PURPOSE FOR REVIEW: Phacoemulsification is the preferred method for cataract surgery in the developed world. The number of phacoemulsification procedures performed annually is expected to increase as the population ages. Femtosecond cataract surgery offers several surgical advantages over conventional phacoemulsification and has already attained commercial application in some countries. The purpose of this review is to outline the benefits, risks and commercial issues of femtosecond lasers as applied to cataract surgery. Cataract surgeons are adopting femtosecond technology to perform laser capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, clear cornea incisions and limbal relaxing incisions. Femtosecond lasers clearly perform these surgical steps with greater precision and reproducibility. Further benefits such as improved postoperative refractive results and reduced complication rates are being investigated. Commercial issues have invariably arisen such as cost of installation and operation, value proposition and return on investment. Femtosecond cataract surgery is an evolving procedure that can potentially lead to better and safer surgical outcomes. This review presents the currently available scientific evidence and discusses some of the relevant financial issues concerning this technology.
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... Angle-supported intraocular-lens implantation for the correction of moderate to high myopia. Kevin Matthew Serafin B. Panggat, MD 1,2 Jesus Francisco, III, MD 1 Pik Sha Chan, MD 1 Harvey Siy Uy, MD 1,2 ... Pérez-Santonja JJ, Alió JL,... more
... Angle-supported intraocular-lens implantation for the correction of moderate to high myopia. Kevin Matthew Serafin B. Panggat, MD 1,2 Jesus Francisco, III, MD 1 Pik Sha Chan, MD 1 Harvey Siy Uy, MD 1,2 ... Pérez-Santonja JJ, Alió JL, Jimenez-Alfaro I, et al. ...
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To evaluate the safety and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of a biodegradable bimatoprost sustained-release implant (Bimatoprost SR). Phase I/II, prospective, 24-month, dose-ranging, paired-eye controlled clinical trial. At... more
To evaluate the safety and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of a biodegradable bimatoprost sustained-release implant (Bimatoprost SR). Phase I/II, prospective, 24-month, dose-ranging, paired-eye controlled clinical trial. At baseline following washout, open-angle glaucoma patients (n=75) were administered Bimatoprost SR (6-μg, 10-μg, 15-μg, or 20-μg) intracamerally in the study eye; the fellow eye began topical bimatoprost 0.03% QD. Rescue topical IOP-lowering medication or a single repeat treatment with implant was allowed. The primary endpoint was IOP change from baseline. The main safety measure was adverse events. Results through month 6 are reported. Bimatoprost SR provided rapid, sustained IOP lowering. Overall mean IOP reduction from baseline through week 16 in study eyes was 7.2, 7.4, 8.1, and 9.5 mm Hg with the 6-μg, 10-μg, 15-μg, and 20-μg dose strengths of implant, respectively, versus 8.4 mm Hg in topical bimatoprost-treated pooled fellow eyes (data censored at...
Research Interests: Ophthalmology, Treatment Outcome, Medicine, Prospective studies, Humans, and 15 moreGlaucoma, Female, Male, Intraocular Pressure, Young Adult, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Time Factors, prosthesis Design, Delayed-Action Preparations, Adverse effect, Antihypertensive agents, and bimatoprost
ObjectiveTo report the clinical outcomes of a 25-gauge, beveled-tip, 10,000 cuts-per-minute (cpm) microincisional vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) system.MethodsProspective case series of eyes undergoing primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for... more
ObjectiveTo report the clinical outcomes of a 25-gauge, beveled-tip, 10,000 cuts-per-minute (cpm) microincisional vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) system.MethodsProspective case series of eyes undergoing primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for common vitreoretinal indications. Main outcome measures were: rate of achieving surgical objectives, operative times, number of surgical steps, use of ancillary instruments, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and adverse events (AE).ResultsThe surgical objectives were achieved in all eyes. Mean total operative time (TOT), core, shave and total vitrectomy times were 1891 ± 890, 204 ± 120, 330 ± 320, 534 ± 389 s, respectively. Mean number of surgical steps was 4.3 ± 1.5. Mean number of ancillary instruments used was 4.5 ± 1.9. Mean CDVA improved by 0.53 ± 0.56 logMAR units (P < 0.001) 3 months postoperatively. AE included elevated IOP (8%), hypotony (6%), and re-detachment (2%). Majority (82%) had no postoperative discomfort. The number of sur...
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Objective To determine the patient profile and risk factors for badminton-related eye injuries in Metro Manila. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of badminton-related eye injuries in Metro Manila. A survey form was sent to 13... more
Objective To determine the patient profile and risk factors for badminton-related eye injuries in Metro Manila. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of badminton-related eye injuries in Metro Manila. A survey form was sent to 13 ophthalmologists who were asked to report on patients treated for badminton-related eye injuries from July 1 to December 1, 2004. The following data were collected: patient age, gender, and sports experience; details of eye injury; use of protective eyewear; and visual outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict sightthreatening injuries. Results The average patient age was 34.7 ± 6.2 years (range 18 to 46). There were more males than females (1.55:1). All patients sustained eye injury while playing doubles. None of the patients were wearing protective eyewear at the time of injury. Blunt trauma due to shuttlecock impact was the cause of injury in 74% of cases. The most common ocular findings were iridocyclitis (n = 11), secondar...
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To compare the sealability of femtosecond laser-constructed and manual clear corneal incisions (CCIs) in patients undergoing cataract surgery. This prospective, randomized study included 62 eyes of 62 patients with cataract grade 1 to 2... more
To compare the sealability of femtosecond laser-constructed and manual clear corneal incisions (CCIs) in patients undergoing cataract surgery. This prospective, randomized study included 62 eyes of 62 patients with cataract grade 1 to 2 (LOCS scale). The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) for creation of either manual CCI (with a 2.4-mm keratome) or femtosecond laser-assisted CCI (LENSAR, Inc., Orlando, FL) (31 eyes in each group) before undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. Wound sealability was assessed as grade 1, 2, or 3 (1: need to reform anterior chamber and hydrate wound at end of surgery; 2: need to reform anterior chamber only; 3: formed anterior chamber, no hydration or anterior chamber reformation necessary). The nuclear sclerosis grade, cumulative dissipated energy and phacoemulsification time were comparable between the two groups. No complications were experienced in any of the patients. The mean wound sealability for the femtosecond laser group (2...
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Diabetic macular oedema is the most common cause of diabetic retinopathy-induced vision loss. Efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy in diabetic macular oedema has been demonstrated in randomised controlled trials. An Asian-specific guideline for... more
Diabetic macular oedema is the most common cause of diabetic retinopathy-induced vision loss. Efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy in diabetic macular oedema has been demonstrated in randomised controlled trials. An Asian-specific guideline for diabetic macular oedema treatment is needed as patients in Asia tend to present with far more advanced disease than seen elsewhere in the world. Previous reviews of diabetic macular oedema management lacked a broader assessment of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment choices and newer trials. Recent clinical trial data allows head-to-head comparisons between the different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and treatment regimens. This review aims to summarise the clinical evidence related to various treatment regimens for clinicians, with a focus on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies, and to provide guidance on the treatment of diabetic macular oedema in Asian patients.
Research Interests: Clinical Trial, Medicine, Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Retinopathy, Clinical Sciences, and 6 moreOptometry and Ophthalmology, Public health systems and services research, GuideLine, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, and Diabetic macular edema
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Nuclear disassembly lies at the heart of cataract surgery, and consists of breaking apart and removing the lens nucleus in a systematic, controlled manner. Successful disassembly involves not only complete removal of nuclear lens... more
Nuclear disassembly lies at the heart of cataract surgery, and consists of breaking apart and removing the lens nucleus in a systematic, controlled manner. Successful disassembly involves not only complete removal of nuclear lens material, but also removal in a manner that preserves delicate surrounding ocular structures such as the capsular bag and corneal endothelium. Furthermore, in order to produce excellent refractive outcomes the procedure must take place through small, astigmatically neutral incisions.
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LensAR Inc. was founded by Randy Frey in 2004. Prior to this time, he had been founder, CEO, and Chairman of Autonomous Technologies which had roots in the Star Wars program and later converted into a medical laser company. Autonomous... more
LensAR Inc. was founded by Randy Frey in 2004. Prior to this time, he had been founder, CEO, and Chairman of Autonomous Technologies which had roots in the Star Wars program and later converted into a medical laser company. Autonomous developed the LADAR system which was the first laser radar system that enabled pupil tracking and enhanced the effectiveness of LASIK treatment. After the merger with Summit Technologies and the subsequent sale to Alcon, Randy Frey founded Lasersoft Vision with the idea of treating presbyopia by using a laser to soften the natural crystalline lens in situ to restore accommodation. These were ideas that were previously investigated and patented by Ray Myers, O.D. and Ronald Krueger, M.D., and they joined forces as cofounders of the new company. Randy also brought in some of his previous partners at Autonomous and was able to interest investors in his idea.
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To report the clinical features, etiology, management practices, and outcomes of preseptal (PC) and orbital cellulitis (OC) in a developing country. The charts of all patients with PC and OC at the Philippine General Hospital from 1990 to... more
To report the clinical features, etiology, management practices, and outcomes of preseptal (PC) and orbital cellulitis (OC) in a developing country. The charts of all patients with PC and OC at the Philippine General Hospital from 1990 to 1995 were reviewed and the following data retrieved: age, gender, manner of presentation, causative agent, treatment, and outcomes. Of 91 patients, 56 (62%) were diagnosed with PC and 35 (38%) with OC. The mean age at presentation was 12.6 +/- 17.0 years and 17.1 +/- 18.6 years, respectively. No sex predilection was observed. Ophthalmoplegia, chemosis, pain, proptosis, and blurred vision were associated with OC. Eyelid infection was the most common antecedent factor and was present in 15 (27%) PC patients and 13 (37%) OC patients. Staphylococcus was the most frequent causative organism. Intravenous antibiotics were administered to 35 (62%) PC patients and all patients with OC. Surgical intervention was performed in 15 (27%) PC patients and 22 (63%) OC patients. None of the PC patients developed permanent sequelae. Seventeen (49%) OC patients developed serious complications such as: visual loss (29%), neurological deficits (17%), and mortality (3%). In developing countries, eyelid infection may be the most important predisposing factor for periocular infection. Staphylococcus is the predominant causative agent. OC can be associated with serious complications. Aggressive management of OC may improve patient outcomes.
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To report a patient with Achromobacter xylosoxidansendophthalmitis that was diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing. Case report. A patient with culture-negative endophthalmitis underwent an anterior chamber tap.... more
To report a patient with Achromobacter xylosoxidansendophthalmitis that was diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing. Case report. A patient with culture-negative endophthalmitis underwent an anterior chamber tap. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on the aqueous sample using the 16S ribosomal DNA primer set to detect and amplify bacterial DNA. The amplified DNA was sequenced and compared to archived sequences in a gene library using the BLAST search program. A 214-base pair gene sequence was amplified and matched with the gene sequence for A. xylosoxidans. Antimicrobial treatment was instituted with resolution of hypopyon, anterior chamber cells, and vitreous cells one month after treatment. Polymerase chain reaction of 16S rDNA combined with gene sequencing may be an alternative method of diagnosing culture-negative bacterial endophthalmitis.
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To determine which ocular and systemic characteristics are associated with cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients with HLA-B27-associated uveitis. The authors reviewed the records of 129 patients (157 eyes) with HLA-B27-associated... more
To determine which ocular and systemic characteristics are associated with cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients with HLA-B27-associated uveitis. The authors reviewed the records of 129 patients (157 eyes) with HLA-B27-associated uveitis seen at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary from June 1980 to June 1995. Data obtained from the records included: age, gender, duration of uveitis, follow-up duration, ocular and systemic findings, presence of CME, therapeutic intervention, and visual outcome. Twenty-one of 157 eyes (13.4%) with HLA-B27-associated uveitis presented with or subsequently developed CME. In 14 (67%) eyes with CME, vitreous cells were noted either at presentation or during follow-up. Forty-nine of 136 eyes (36%) without CME had vitreous cells at presentation or developed vitreous cells during follow-up. The estimated odds ratio for developing CME associated with the presence of vitreous cells was 2.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.0-8.3). No other demographic, ocular, or systemic characteristics appeared to be associated with the presence of CME. The presence of vitreous cells in patients with HLA-B27-associated uveitis may indicate an increased risk of CME development.
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Research Interests: Ophthalmology, Treatment Outcome, Cornea, Medicine, Visual acuity, and 15 moreNeovascularization, Humans, Female, Male, Clinical Sciences, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, Middle Aged, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Topical Drug Administration, Adult, Retrospective Studies, Bevacizumab, Adverse effect, Corneal neovascularization, and Angiogenesis inhibitors
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Wegener’s granulomatosis: the relationship between ocular and systemic disease. Harper SL, Letko E, Samson CM, Zafirakis P, Sangwan V, Nguyen Q, Uy H, Baltatzis S, Foster CS.∗ ∗Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Immunology Service, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114 J Rheumatol 2001;28:1025–1032more
Research Interests: Immunology, Kidney diseases, Adolescent, Medicine, Biopsy, and 15 moreOccult, Humans, Female, Male, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Retrospective Studies, Disease Progression, Conjunctivitis, Eye Diseases, and Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Research Interests: Medicine, Endophthalmitis, Case Report, Humans, Mycobacterium, and 15 moreMale, American, Risk factors, Clinical Sciences, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Combination drug therapy, Risk Factors, Monocular Vision, Mycobacterium Abscessus, Azithromycin, Antibiotic Therapy, and Anterior Chamber
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Objective To report the efficacy and safety of intravitreal pegaptanib sodium (IVP) on macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal-vein occlusion (BRVO) among patients intolerant to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA). Methods Four... more
Objective To report the efficacy and safety of intravitreal pegaptanib sodium (IVP) on macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal-vein occlusion (BRVO) among patients intolerant to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA). Methods Four eyes with ME due to BRVO were included in this interventional case series. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and adverse effects. Results There was a significant decrease in mean CMT from 524.50 ± 141.12 to 293.75 ± 130.75 microns (p = 0.009) after IVP injection. BCVA improved in all 4 eyes after IVP. Mean IOP after IVP was 13.60 ± 3.21. No ocular or systemic complications were observed. Conclusion IVP appears to be safe and effective in decreasing retinal thickness and improving VA in eyes with ME due to BRVO. IVP is a potential treatment for eyes that are intolerant to IVTA.
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Purpose: The aim of this consensus article was to provide comprehensive recommendations in the management of diabetic macular edema (DME) by reviewing recent clinical evidence. Design: A questionnaire containing 47 questions was developed... more
Purpose: The aim of this consensus article was to provide comprehensive recommendations in the management of diabetic macular edema (DME) by reviewing recent clinical evidence. Design: A questionnaire containing 47 questions was developed which encompassed clinical scenarios such as treatment response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and steroid, treatment side effects, as well as cost and compliance/reimbursement in the management of DME using a Dephi questionnaire as guide. Methods: An expert panel of 12 retinal specialists from Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, India and Vietnam responded to this questionnaire on two separate occasions. The first round responses were compiled, analyzed and discussed in a round table discussion where a consensus was sought through voting. Consensus was considered achieved, when 9 of the 12 panellists (75%) agreed on a recommendation. Results: The DME patients were initially profiled based on their response to treatment, and the terms tar...
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TOPIC An international, expert-led consensus initiative organized by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS), along with the International Ocular Inflammation Society and the International Uveitis Study Group, systematically... more
TOPIC An international, expert-led consensus initiative organized by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS), along with the International Ocular Inflammation Society and the International Uveitis Study Group, systematically developed evidence- and experience-based recommendations for the treatment of tubercular choroiditis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The diagnosis and management of tubercular uveitis (TBU) pose a significant challenge. Current guidelines and literature are insufficient to guide physicians regarding the initiation of antitubercular therapy (ATT) in patients with TBU. METHODS An international expert steering subcommittee of the COTS group identified clinical questions and conducted a systematic review of the published literature on the use of ATT for tubercular choroiditis. Using an interactive online questionnaire, guided by background knowledge from published literature, 81 global experts (including ophthalmologists, pulmonologists, and infectious disease physicians) generated preliminary consensus statements for initiating ATT in tubercular choroiditis, using Oxford levels of medical evidence. In total, 162 statements were identified regarding when to initiate ATT in patients with tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis, tuberculoma, and tubercular focal or multifocal choroiditis. The COTS group members met in November 2018 to refine these statements by a 2-step modified Delphi process. RESULTS Seventy consensus statements addressed the initiation of ATT in the 3 subtypes of tubercular choroiditis, and in addition, 10 consensus statements were developed regarding the use of adjunctive therapy in tubercular choroiditis. Experts agreed on initiating ATT in tubercular choroiditis in the presence of positive results for any 1 of the positive immunologic tests along with radiologic features suggestive of tuberculosis. For tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis and tuberculoma, positive results from even 1 positive immunologic test were considered sufficient to recommend ATT, even if there were no radiologic features suggestive of tuberculosis. DISCUSSION Consensus guidelines were developed to guide the initiation of ATT in patients with tubercular choroiditis, based on the published literature, expert opinion, and practical experience, to bridge the gap between clinical need and available medical evidence.
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To analyze the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of ocular fluids in management of tubercular (TB) anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis. In Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1 (25 centers, n = 962),... more
To analyze the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of ocular fluids in management of tubercular (TB) anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis. In Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1 (25 centers, n = 962), patients with TB-related uveitis were included. 59 patients undergoing PCR of intraocular fluids (18 females; 53 Asian Indians) were included. 59 (6.13%) of COTS-1 underwent PCR analysis. PCR was positive for Mycobacterium TB in 33 patients (23 males; all Asian Indians). 26 patients were PCR negative (18 males). Eight patients with negative PCR had systemic TB. Anti-TB therapy was given in 18 negative and 31 PCR cases. At 1-year follow-up, five patients with positive PCR (15.15%) and three with negative PCR (11.54%) had persistence/worsening of inflammation. Data from COTS-1 suggest that PCR is not commonly done for diagnosing intraocular TB and positive/negative results may not influence management or treatment outcomes in the real world scenario.
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Unfortunately, at present, degenerative retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa remains untreatable. Patients with these conditions suffer progressive visual decline resulting from continuing loss of photoreceptor cells and outer... more
Unfortunately, at present, degenerative retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa remains untreatable. Patients with these conditions suffer progressive visual decline resulting from continuing loss of photoreceptor cells and outer nuclear layers. However, stem cell therapy is a promising approach to restore visual function in eyes with degenerative retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. Animal studies have established that pluripotent stem cells when placed in the mouse retinitis pigmentosa models have the potential not only to survive, but also to differentiate, organize into and function as photoreceptor cells. Furthermore, there is early evidence that these transplanted cells provide improved visual function. These groundbreaking studies provide proof of concept that stem cell therapy is a viable method of visual rehabilitation among eyes with retinitis pigmentosa. Further studies are required to optimize these techniques in human application. This review focuses on ...
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To investigate the effect of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) deficiency on the development of herpes stromal keratitis and on the von Szily model of herpes retinitis in C57BL/6 mice, which are ordinarily resistant to development of both of... more
To investigate the effect of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) deficiency on the development of herpes stromal keratitis and on the von Szily model of herpes retinitis in C57BL/6 mice, which are ordinarily resistant to development of both of these herpetic diseases. Anterior chamber inoculation of the right eye of each mouse with various titers of HSV-1 (KOS strain) was performed. Both eyes of each mouse were enucleated on postinoculation day 15 and processed for histopathologic examination. HSV-1 was inoculated into one cornea of other mice, and the severity of stromal keratitis was scored. Contralateral destructive chorioretinitis developed in susceptible Balb/cByj mice (19/23); ipsilateral chorioretinitis did not occur (0/23). Stromal keratitis developed in susceptible C.AL-20 mice (15/16). None of the C57BL/6 (0/10 for keratitis or 0/20 for retinitis) developed inflammation. Neither did B6.SMN.C3H.gld (FasL deficient; 0/12 or 0/28) or B6.MRL.lpr (Fas deficient; 0/11 or 0/34) mice (kerat...