Inamullah Khan

Dengue is becoming more common in Pakistan with its alarming spreading rate. A historical review needs to be carried out to find the root causes of dengue dynamics, the factors responsible for its spread and lastly to formulate future strategies for its control. We searched (January, 2015) all the published literature between 1980 and 2014 to determine spread/burden of dengue disease in Pakistan. A total of 81 reports were identified, showing high numbers of dengue cases in 2010, 2011, and 2013. The tendency of dengue to occur in younger than in older age groups was evident throughout the survey period and all four serotypes were recorded, with DENV1 the least common. Most dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases fell in the 20-45 years age range. High frequencies tended to be observed first in the Southern coastal region characterized by mild winters and humid warm summers and then the disease progressed towards the lowland areas of the Indus plain with cool winters, hot summers and mo...

A sneeze is a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa [1]. Sneezing usually begins with the release of chemicals such as histamine or leukotrienes caused by viral respiratory infections, filtered particles, allergens (substances that trigger allergic reactions) or physical irritants such as smoke, pollution, perfumes and cold air. Allergic reactions with the nasal mucosa require the presence of IgE (allergy antibody specific for the allergen). This leads to fluid leakage from vessels in the nose, causing symptoms of congestion and nasal drip.

We are presenting Raman spectroscopic analysis of dengue virus infection in the human blood sera. Blood samples from 40 individuals infected with dengue virus and 25 healthy volunteers have been used in this study. Raman spectra of all these samples have been acquired in the spectral range from 600 cm −1 to 1750 cm −1 using 532 nm laser as an excitation source. These Raman spectra have been used to analyze the biochemical changes appeared in the blood caused by dengue virus infection. Two Raman lines at 750 cm −1 and 850 cm −1 found in all spectra of dengue infected sera, indicate the presence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which is expected to be excreted due to rupturing of thrombocytes.

Qura’n is the last Divine book and therefore, contains glimpses of established scientific signs and other statements (verses) that will be discovered over time. The Qura’n exhorts its reader and specifically the believers that the pursuit of exploring this universe is one of their religious duties that will guide them to the existence of One God. We all have to ponder upon the secrets Qura’n has foretold us. As we are educated over time, we see that there are hundreds of scientific signs still waiting for discoveries by the scientists. Some of the awaited discoveries include; How is the sustenance of all living beings fulfilled from the Heaven? [Qura’n 51:22, 45:4-5], the soul and its destination [Qura’n 83:18-21, 56:83-9], the reality of information stored in the body cells [Qura'n 24:24], (DNA) [Qura'n 6:67], hearts and their retrieval [Qura'n 22:46, 100:10] on the Day of Judgment, Why are hearing, sight and even heart accountable? [Qura’n 17:36,]. The reality of spiri...

ABSTRACT Populations of coconut scale, Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and its parasitoids were surveyed on 4 mango cultivars in the southern district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from July 2011 to June 2013. The populations of A. destructor built up in July and continued for 6 consecutive months reaching a peak in November 2011 (54 scales/leaf) and in October 2012 (44 scales/leaf). Two parasitoids, Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and an Anagyrus sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) were first observed in August, reaching peaks in November 2011-12 and 2012-13 (13.6 and 16.3% parasitism) and December 2011-12 and 2012-13 (14.2 and 14.9% parasitism), respectively for the two species. The efficacy of two winter oils, one IGR (pyriproxyfen 10.8 EC), one organophosphate (profenofos 500 EC), one pyrethroid (bifenthrin 10 EC), and two neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid 20% SL and thiamethoxam 25 WP) were evaluated at recommended rates against 1st and 2nd instars and mature A. destructor on nursery plants and mature mango trees. In both cases, the highest A. destructor mortalities were recorded with petroleum oil, imidacloprid and pyriproxyfen. Thiamethoxam was effective after 14 days (70-80 % scale insect mortality) while bifenthrin showed good results against all life stage in the first 14 days. For management of A. destructor, parasitoids may be conserved by using oils and insect growth regulators (IGRs) while systemic insecticides may also be used in the case of severe infestations. The 1st spray must be applied in early August (before parasitoids emergence), the 2nd spray in October, as one spray controls the pest for one month. One dormant spray may be applied in February after pruning of infested leaves and branches to clean the plants from A. destructor for the next season.

Harían and Khan: A technique used for testing f3 progeny Table 3: Mean disease score (mm) and significant differences" of parental varieties and F3 progeny following hypocotyl inoculation of intact plant by Gamma, Kappa, lota, and Delta isolate of С lindemuthianum Parental ...

The predatory effect of two species of Chrysoperla [Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and C. rufilabris (Burmeister)] was evaluated against citrus thrips, Scritothrips citric (Moulton), at the Three Flags Mango Ranch near Salton City, California, USA For both species the early release of 50 ...

Experiment 1: Comparing efficacy of mixture larval diets, and single diet ingredients on the development of Anopheles arabiensis ............................................................................................ 4 1.1 Abstract ..................................................................................... ... ... Figure 2.1 Percent hatch of An. ...

J. Econ. Entomol. 91 (2): 361-366 (1998) ABSTRACT Tolenmce of adult female citrus thrips, Scirlothrips citri (Moulton), to chlorfenapyr, cyfluthrin, and spinosad was monitored at 10sites in California in 1996.Chlorfenapyr and spinosad have yet to be used commercially in ...

Abstract.-Bioassays were conducted to investigate the toxicity and residual activity of botanic and synthetic pesticides against adult female citrus psyllids, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and second instar larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). A dose of 1% neem seed oil ...

In the Noble Qur'an1, wherever the word 'Sign(s)' is used it reveals that something is going to be known for the guidance of those who contemplate over the mysteries of contents in that verse. That is why along with the word sign, people of understanding,

Objective: To investigate in-vitro larvicidal property of botanical oils of brassica, Brassica campestris L., mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, clove, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et L.M.Perry, eucalyptus, Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, turpentine Pinus sylvestris L., neem Azadirachta indica A.Juss., and mineral kerosene oils against 4th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823
and test their time dependent repellency/attractancy in the field ovitraps.
Methods: Larvicidal properties of various plant oils and mineral kerosene oil was investigated using 4th instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus in dose dependent experiments in the water media while their attractancy/repellency was tested in the field ovitraps over time.
Results: The fiducial limits for LC90 values at the 48 h for cinnamon, turpentine and kerosene oils were overlapping and therefore, not significantly different (p <0.05) from each other. Equal toxicity of these oils was indicative that kerosene oil can be replaced with environment friendly botanical oils for the control of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. The positive oviposition activity index (OAI) of traps treated with eucalyptus, cinnamon, and turpentine
oils indicated that these oils were attractive after two weeks of application while neem was repellent to Culex mosquitoes.
Conclusion: Oils of cinnamon, eucalyptus and turpentine are fatal to the larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and act as attractant to the adults for oviposition and therefore, may be good candidates for using in the “attract and kill” strategy of mosquitoes control programs.

Sometime we hear it that human being is born with sins. We hear that the first human being, Adam and Eve, committed sins and through this mistake, sin entered the world that now corrupts everything, including every new born baby. Can you follow this logic? Can you believe that human beings are condemned before they are borne or they do anything? Which judge would condemn people for crimes they never committed? A just judge can't do that except by mistake? But what about God 'Allah the Supreme Judge'? Would Allah being creator of human being make such an injustice to His creation? The answer is no but with what source and authority? There is no better diagnostician or doctor than one Who has created its patient (man). The almighty God (Allah) all knowing Who is the designer and architect of human, perfectly knows how man's working system is jeopardized by various germs and pollutants of the society. The Glorious Qura'n records this in the following words; " Indeed We have created man, and We know what dark suggestions his soul makes to him: for We are nearer to him/ her than (his/her) jugular vein. [Quran, Chapter 50: verse16]. The Book of Allah also informs us about the nature of human beings. We read from the Holy Quran, that man is not borne as sinner but in the best of Allah's creation " Verily, We created man of the best stature (Quran chapter 96, verse 4). There are several spiritual diseases human being is attracted to it that ultimately will lead to social and finally to physical diseases if not timely treated. Among the various diseases that has far-reaching effect on human development include; These pollutants once acquired have very fatal cycles of internal multiplication and if not treated well in time (by repentances) will get severe and finally incurable.