Background and Aims: The prevalence of acquired brain injury (ABI) in offender populations appear... more Background and Aims: The prevalence of acquired brain injury (ABI) in offender populations appears much higher than in the general population, being estimated at 50% compared to 12%, respectively. Taking into account ABI-related cognitive and social impairments or behavioral changes in forensic treatments might be relevant and may improve treatment outcomes. The aim of the current review is to summarize and integrate the literature on psychological interventions or treatments for consequences of ABI in the forensic setting. Reviewing this literature could provide crucial information for improving treatment options for offenders with ABI, which may contribute to reducing recidivism. Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, PsychInfo, CINAHL, COCHRANE, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies in adult offenders with ABI that evaluated the effect of psychological interventions with a focus on ABI-related impairments and recidivism. Results: This review identified four intervention studies that met the inclusion criteria. These included an adult population (≥18-year-old) in a forensic setting (given the focus of the current review on treatment, defined here as an environment in which offenders are treated while being incarcerated or as outpatients), non-pharmacological treatments and were published in English or Dutch between 2005 and 2020. All studies reported some positive effects of the intervention on interpersonal behavior, cognition and recidivism. The aspects of the interventions that seemed most beneficial included personalized treatment and re-entry plans, support for the individual and their environment and psychoeducation about the effects of ABI. Discussion: Although positive effects were reported in the studies reviewed, all studies had methodological limitations in terms of sample size, study design and outcome measures which affects the strength of the evidence. This limits strong conclusions and generalizability to the entire offender population. Conclusion: Despite high prevalence of ABI in offender populations, interventions in forensic settings seldom address the effect of ABI. The few studies that did take ABI de Geus et al. ABI and Offender Population Interventions into account reported positive effects, but those results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are warranted, since this does seem an important venue to improve treatment, which could eventually contribute to reducing recidivism.
Cutbacks in clinical beds in regular and forensic psychiatry increase the burden on outpatient fo... more Cutbacks in clinical beds in regular and forensic psychiatry increase the burden on outpatient forensic care in The Netherlands.<br/> AIM: Since 2007, Dutch forensic (flexible) assertive community treatment (For(F)ACT) teams offer outpatient, intensive treatment to forensic clients with complex mental health issues. As the need for this form of intensive treatment increases, so does the need for unambiguous indication criteria to facilitate adequate care and accompanied reduction in criminal behavior.<br/> METHOD: The present study investigated the correlation between the clinical indication criteria and risk factors for criminal behavior in 76 For(F)ACT-clients, reviewing which criteria best predicted recidivism.<br/> RESULTS: A weak correlation was found between the indication criteria and risk factors. Further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that a combination of clinical indication criteria best predicted recidivism.<br/> CONCLUSION: The influential risk factors for For(F)ACT-clients are different compared to those for other groups of delinquents. Important treatment factors are breaking patterns, increasing safety and offering social and financial support. The clinical indication criteria should not be replaced by the START risk factors.
Inadequate problem solving is associated with recidivism in sex offenders. However, the psychomet... more Inadequate problem solving is associated with recidivism in sex offenders. However, the psychometric properties of two of the most widely used coping self-report questionnaires, the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, have not been established for outpatient sex offenders. Using structural equation modeling, the present study aims to contribute to an empirically based decision as to which version of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations or Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised is best suited to use with forensic outpatient sex offenders. The sample consisted of 530 Dutch sex offenders treated in an outpatient forensic facility. Results support the use of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Short Form 20 for identifying problem-solving deficits among outpatient sex offenders, consequently facilitating the assessment of treatment needs.
Background Juvenile antisocial behavior can have long-lasting and devastating effects for juvenil... more Background Juvenile antisocial behavior can have long-lasting and devastating effects for juveniles themselves, victims, and society. Evidence-based treatment is vital. Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (Forensische Ambulante Systeem Therapie; FAST) is a promising treatment for juveniles showing severe antisocial behavior including aggression, (domestic) violence, and delinquent behavior. FAST has a flexible intensity and length, addresses individual and systemic risk and protective factors, and is responsive to the abilities of the client (system), intervention characteristics all considered crucial for effective treatment. The current study will investigate whether FAST is effective in reducing aggression of the juvenile, reaching client formulated subgoals, and improving family functioning. Processes of change will be examined, as well as mediation by reaching client formulated subgoals and improved family functioning. Methods A Multiple Case Experimental Design (MCED) with an...
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2018
Following the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model, cognitive-behavioral therapy is considered most... more Following the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model, cognitive-behavioral therapy is considered most effective in reducing recidivism when based on dynamic risk factors. As studies have found differences of these factors across age, exploring this seems beneficial. The current study investigates the Central Eight (C8) risk factors across six age groups of outpatient sex offenders ( N = 650). Results showed that recidivism rates and age were inversely related from 19 years and up. Half of the C8 did not predict general recidivism at all, substance abuse, antisocial cognition, antisocial associates, and history of antisocial behavior in only one or several age groups. However, factors differed between age groups, with the youngest group demonstrating the most dysfunction in several areas and the oldest group the least. It is concluded that the C8 risk factors seem to lose significance in the older age groups. Results may benefit targeting treatment goals.
Covering both individual and neuropsychological factors, the Forensic Symptom Inventory—Youth Ver... more Covering both individual and neuropsychological factors, the Forensic Symptom Inventory—Youth Version—Revised (FSI-YV-R) is the first broad spectrum questionnaire for adolescents in forensic care, measuring several deficits, such as executive dysfunctions, anger, and inadequate coping to enhance treatment goals and evaluate interventions. In this study, both the factor structure and the measurement and structural invariance of the FSI-YV-R were investigated. The sample consisted of 159 forensic juvenile outpatients (79.9% males and 20.1% females) aged 12 to 19 with a mean age of 16.07 ( SD = 1.57). Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analyses identified a second-order model (measuring executive functioning) and proved measurement and structural invariant across age groups (younger adolescents, 12–15 years and older adolescents, 16–18 years). Contrary to the expectations none of the FSI-YV-R subscales differentiated between younger adolescents (N = 74) and older adolescents (N = 85). These results and implications for both theory and practice are discussed.
Research shows that juvenile female offenders have a higher prevalence rate of sexual risk behavi... more Research shows that juvenile female offenders have a higher prevalence rate of sexual risk behaviors than girls from the general population and that similar factors underlie both SRBs and delinquent behavior. Contributing to findings derived from young female delinquent samples, this study examines the impact of risk factors on delinquent behaviors and sexual risk behaviors in 146 delinquent girls (12 to 18 years) in outpatient forensic treatment. While controlling for ethnicity, results from structural equation modeling through bootstrapping showed that sexual risk behaviors (explained variance 26%) were predicted by the number of negative life events, peer rejection, and substance use, whereas the number of previous convictions and treatment dropout were predictive of delinquent behavior (explained variance 14.1%). Affiliation with deviant peers, parental monitoring, and conduct problems did not contribute to the explained variance in both outcome measures. These findings will be elaborated on in the discussion.
Several meta-analyses have examined the Central Eight risk factors for reoffending in the general... more Several meta-analyses have examined the Central Eight risk factors for reoffending in the general forensic population. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to focus exclusively on the predictive validity of risk factors for recidivism in forensic outpatients. A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted of studies in which static and dynamic risk factors were investigated as predictors of violent and/or general recidivism in forensic outpatients. Twenty-seven studies were included, with 543 effect sizes in a unique population of 116,982 adult offenders. The Central Eight risk domains were found to be predictive of violent and general recidivism; however, these factors predicted recidivism with small-to-moderate effects. Overall, in the same domain, the dynamic risk factors were more strongly related to recidivism than the static risk factors. This knowledge may be used to guide future outpatient treatment.
Behandelaren in de reguliere geestelijke gezondheidszorg krijgen steeds vaker te maken met client... more Behandelaren in de reguliere geestelijke gezondheidszorg krijgen steeds vaker te maken met clienten met psychopathische trekken of een antisociale persoonlijkheidsstoornis (ASPS), die al dan niet gepaard kan gaan met agressie of verward gedrag. Dit kan leiden tot een zekere terughoudendheid om met deze clienten een behandelrelatie aan te gaan. Kennis over forensische theorieen/modellen en instrumenten voor het beoordelen van veiligheidsrisico’s en zorgbehoeften kan deze drempel mogelijk verlagen. Het Risk-Need-Responsivity-model biedt handvatten om het behandelbeleid en de behandelinhoud vorm te geven op basis van risicotaxatie-uitkomsten, bijvoorbeeld met de FARE (Forensisch Ambulante Risico Evaluatie). Ook werken met personen met verward en agressief gedrag vereist kennis over de doelgroep en van instrumenten om de veiligheid en de zorgbehoefte op adequate wijze in te kunnen schatten. Deze bijdrage biedt een overzicht van instrumenten om (acute) veiligheidsrisico’s en zorgbehoefte...
Background Antisocial behavior during adolescence can have long-lasting negative effects and lead... more Background Antisocial behavior during adolescence can have long-lasting negative effects and leads to high societal costs. Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (Forensische Ambulante Systeem Therapie; FAST) is a promising treatment for juveniles aged 12–21 showing severe antisocial behavior. The intensity, content and duration of FAST can be adjusted to the needs of the juvenile and their caregiver(s), which is considered crucial for effective treatment. Next to the regular version of FAST (FASTr), a blended version (FASTb) in which face-to-face contacts are replaced by minimally 50% online contacts over the duration of intervention was developed during the Covid-19 pandemic. The current study will investigate whether FASTb is equally effective as FASTr, and through which mechanisms of change, for whom, and under which conditions FASTr and FASTb work. Methods A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be carried out. Participants (N = 200) will be randomly assigned to FASTb (n = 100) ...
The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 2014
This meta-analysis, including six studies (13 effect sizes) and 164 adolescents, examined the eff... more This meta-analysis, including six studies (13 effect sizes) and 164 adolescents, examined the effectiveness of individually oriented treatment (which means that the intervention contained at least an individual component, possibly in combination with group and/or family therapy) with CBT-elements for adolescents with severe aggression problems. A large and homogeneous overall effect size was found (d = 1.139) indicating consistency across studies. The included studies examined the effect of three interventions, namely, mode deactivation therapy (MDT; four studies), stress-inoculation therapy (1), and the cell-phone program (1). This multilevel analysis demonstrated that only few individually oriented interventions have been developed and evaluated, while four of the included studies used a weak research design. Effective individually tailored interventions for youths with severe aggression problems (who are unsuitable for group treatment) are scant. There may be added value if group interventions are supplemented with more individually tailored evidence-based interventions.
Purpose Even though five to 11% of child-to-parent abuse (CPA) perpetrators are emerging adults (... more Purpose Even though five to 11% of child-to-parent abuse (CPA) perpetrators are emerging adults (age 18-23 years), relevant risk factors underlying CPA in this group are understudied. Method A multilevel meta-analysis was performed on nine studies (450 effect sizes, N = 1,043), comprising eight static (e.g., age and gender of perpetrator) and dynamic (e.g., substance abuse, financial problems) risk factors. Results Emerging adults who fell victim of domestic violence, or had antisocial cognitions, authority problems, or empathy problems displayed CPA more often. Moderator analyses revealed that the relation between gender of perpetrator and CPA was moderated by gender of victim (p = .033) and CPA type (p = .021). Gender of victim (p < .001) also moderated the relationship between single-parent household and CPA. Finally, the relation between witness to DV and CPA was moderated by age (p = .007). Conclusions This was the first multilevel meta-analysis focusing exclusively on CPA displayed by emerging adults. The results can be used as a basis for further research into relevant risk factors for CPA in this group and hopefully contribute to the development of health care interventions to reduce chances of CPA occurring. Keywords Child-to-parent abuse • CPA • Risk factors • Emerging adults • Meta-analysis Research has predominantly focused on child-to-parent abuse (CPA) in juveniles and adolescents. Less attention has been paid to exclusively emerging adults as CPA perpetrators. CPA is defined as any abusive behavior of physical, verbal/psychological, financial and/or sexual nature, aiming to assert control or gain power, by children towards their parents, while still living at home (Cancino-Padilla et al., 2020; Holt, 2016; Ibabe, 2020). Emerging adulthood refers to the period from the late teens to the early twenties (Arnett, 2000), characterized in this study as 18-to 23-year-olds. Literature on CPA shows that emerging adults living at home
In opdracht van KFZ werd onderzoek gedaan naar de statische en dynamische risico- en beschermende... more In opdracht van KFZ werd onderzoek gedaan naar de statische en dynamische risico- en beschermende factoren die het sterkst met recidive samenhangen. Het uitgangspunt was om, vertrekkend vanuit het RNR-model, een kernset van factoren te identificeren die voor het grootste deel van de ambulante forensische populatie zou gelden. De projectgroep heeft gekozen voor een multi-method design (meta-analyses, secundaire data-analyse op prospectieve data, veldonderzoek) waarbij de focus lag op de empirische onderbouwing van de kernset. In dit hoofdstuk worden kort de bevindingen weergegeven van de deelstudies die ten behoeve van de opdracht werden uitgevoerd.
Pin1 is the only known peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) that specifically recognizes ... more Pin1 is the only known peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) that specifically recognizes and isomerizes the phosphorylated Serine/Threonine-Proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif. The Pin1-mediated structural transformation posttranslationally regulates the biofunctions of multiple proteins. Pin1 is involved in many cellular processes, the aberrance of which lead to both degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Pin1 is highly expressed in the majority of cancers and its deficiency significantly suppresses cancer progression. According to the groundbreaking summaries by Hanahan D and Weinberg RA, the hallmarks of cancer comprise ten biological capabilities. Multiple researches illuminated that Pin1 contributes to these aberrant behaviors of cancer via promoting various cancer-driving pathways. This review summarized the detailed mechanisms of Pin1 in different cancer capabilities and certain Pin1-targeted small-molecule compounds that exhibit anticancer activities, expecting to facilitate anticancer therapies by targeting Pin1.
Background and Aims: The prevalence of acquired brain injury (ABI) in offender populations appear... more Background and Aims: The prevalence of acquired brain injury (ABI) in offender populations appears much higher than in the general population, being estimated at 50% compared to 12%, respectively. Taking into account ABI-related cognitive and social impairments or behavioral changes in forensic treatments might be relevant and may improve treatment outcomes. The aim of the current review is to summarize and integrate the literature on psychological interventions or treatments for consequences of ABI in the forensic setting. Reviewing this literature could provide crucial information for improving treatment options for offenders with ABI, which may contribute to reducing recidivism. Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, PsychInfo, CINAHL, COCHRANE, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies in adult offenders with ABI that evaluated the effect of psychological interventions with a focus on ABI-related impairments and recidivism. Results: This review identified four intervention studies that met the inclusion criteria. These included an adult population (≥18-year-old) in a forensic setting (given the focus of the current review on treatment, defined here as an environment in which offenders are treated while being incarcerated or as outpatients), non-pharmacological treatments and were published in English or Dutch between 2005 and 2020. All studies reported some positive effects of the intervention on interpersonal behavior, cognition and recidivism. The aspects of the interventions that seemed most beneficial included personalized treatment and re-entry plans, support for the individual and their environment and psychoeducation about the effects of ABI. Discussion: Although positive effects were reported in the studies reviewed, all studies had methodological limitations in terms of sample size, study design and outcome measures which affects the strength of the evidence. This limits strong conclusions and generalizability to the entire offender population. Conclusion: Despite high prevalence of ABI in offender populations, interventions in forensic settings seldom address the effect of ABI. The few studies that did take ABI de Geus et al. ABI and Offender Population Interventions into account reported positive effects, but those results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are warranted, since this does seem an important venue to improve treatment, which could eventually contribute to reducing recidivism.
Cutbacks in clinical beds in regular and forensic psychiatry increase the burden on outpatient fo... more Cutbacks in clinical beds in regular and forensic psychiatry increase the burden on outpatient forensic care in The Netherlands.<br/> AIM: Since 2007, Dutch forensic (flexible) assertive community treatment (For(F)ACT) teams offer outpatient, intensive treatment to forensic clients with complex mental health issues. As the need for this form of intensive treatment increases, so does the need for unambiguous indication criteria to facilitate adequate care and accompanied reduction in criminal behavior.<br/> METHOD: The present study investigated the correlation between the clinical indication criteria and risk factors for criminal behavior in 76 For(F)ACT-clients, reviewing which criteria best predicted recidivism.<br/> RESULTS: A weak correlation was found between the indication criteria and risk factors. Further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that a combination of clinical indication criteria best predicted recidivism.<br/> CONCLUSION: The influential risk factors for For(F)ACT-clients are different compared to those for other groups of delinquents. Important treatment factors are breaking patterns, increasing safety and offering social and financial support. The clinical indication criteria should not be replaced by the START risk factors.
Inadequate problem solving is associated with recidivism in sex offenders. However, the psychomet... more Inadequate problem solving is associated with recidivism in sex offenders. However, the psychometric properties of two of the most widely used coping self-report questionnaires, the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, have not been established for outpatient sex offenders. Using structural equation modeling, the present study aims to contribute to an empirically based decision as to which version of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations or Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised is best suited to use with forensic outpatient sex offenders. The sample consisted of 530 Dutch sex offenders treated in an outpatient forensic facility. Results support the use of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Short Form 20 for identifying problem-solving deficits among outpatient sex offenders, consequently facilitating the assessment of treatment needs.
Background Juvenile antisocial behavior can have long-lasting and devastating effects for juvenil... more Background Juvenile antisocial behavior can have long-lasting and devastating effects for juveniles themselves, victims, and society. Evidence-based treatment is vital. Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (Forensische Ambulante Systeem Therapie; FAST) is a promising treatment for juveniles showing severe antisocial behavior including aggression, (domestic) violence, and delinquent behavior. FAST has a flexible intensity and length, addresses individual and systemic risk and protective factors, and is responsive to the abilities of the client (system), intervention characteristics all considered crucial for effective treatment. The current study will investigate whether FAST is effective in reducing aggression of the juvenile, reaching client formulated subgoals, and improving family functioning. Processes of change will be examined, as well as mediation by reaching client formulated subgoals and improved family functioning. Methods A Multiple Case Experimental Design (MCED) with an...
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2018
Following the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model, cognitive-behavioral therapy is considered most... more Following the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model, cognitive-behavioral therapy is considered most effective in reducing recidivism when based on dynamic risk factors. As studies have found differences of these factors across age, exploring this seems beneficial. The current study investigates the Central Eight (C8) risk factors across six age groups of outpatient sex offenders ( N = 650). Results showed that recidivism rates and age were inversely related from 19 years and up. Half of the C8 did not predict general recidivism at all, substance abuse, antisocial cognition, antisocial associates, and history of antisocial behavior in only one or several age groups. However, factors differed between age groups, with the youngest group demonstrating the most dysfunction in several areas and the oldest group the least. It is concluded that the C8 risk factors seem to lose significance in the older age groups. Results may benefit targeting treatment goals.
Covering both individual and neuropsychological factors, the Forensic Symptom Inventory—Youth Ver... more Covering both individual and neuropsychological factors, the Forensic Symptom Inventory—Youth Version—Revised (FSI-YV-R) is the first broad spectrum questionnaire for adolescents in forensic care, measuring several deficits, such as executive dysfunctions, anger, and inadequate coping to enhance treatment goals and evaluate interventions. In this study, both the factor structure and the measurement and structural invariance of the FSI-YV-R were investigated. The sample consisted of 159 forensic juvenile outpatients (79.9% males and 20.1% females) aged 12 to 19 with a mean age of 16.07 ( SD = 1.57). Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analyses identified a second-order model (measuring executive functioning) and proved measurement and structural invariant across age groups (younger adolescents, 12–15 years and older adolescents, 16–18 years). Contrary to the expectations none of the FSI-YV-R subscales differentiated between younger adolescents (N = 74) and older adolescents (N = 85). These results and implications for both theory and practice are discussed.
Research shows that juvenile female offenders have a higher prevalence rate of sexual risk behavi... more Research shows that juvenile female offenders have a higher prevalence rate of sexual risk behaviors than girls from the general population and that similar factors underlie both SRBs and delinquent behavior. Contributing to findings derived from young female delinquent samples, this study examines the impact of risk factors on delinquent behaviors and sexual risk behaviors in 146 delinquent girls (12 to 18 years) in outpatient forensic treatment. While controlling for ethnicity, results from structural equation modeling through bootstrapping showed that sexual risk behaviors (explained variance 26%) were predicted by the number of negative life events, peer rejection, and substance use, whereas the number of previous convictions and treatment dropout were predictive of delinquent behavior (explained variance 14.1%). Affiliation with deviant peers, parental monitoring, and conduct problems did not contribute to the explained variance in both outcome measures. These findings will be elaborated on in the discussion.
Several meta-analyses have examined the Central Eight risk factors for reoffending in the general... more Several meta-analyses have examined the Central Eight risk factors for reoffending in the general forensic population. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to focus exclusively on the predictive validity of risk factors for recidivism in forensic outpatients. A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted of studies in which static and dynamic risk factors were investigated as predictors of violent and/or general recidivism in forensic outpatients. Twenty-seven studies were included, with 543 effect sizes in a unique population of 116,982 adult offenders. The Central Eight risk domains were found to be predictive of violent and general recidivism; however, these factors predicted recidivism with small-to-moderate effects. Overall, in the same domain, the dynamic risk factors were more strongly related to recidivism than the static risk factors. This knowledge may be used to guide future outpatient treatment.
Behandelaren in de reguliere geestelijke gezondheidszorg krijgen steeds vaker te maken met client... more Behandelaren in de reguliere geestelijke gezondheidszorg krijgen steeds vaker te maken met clienten met psychopathische trekken of een antisociale persoonlijkheidsstoornis (ASPS), die al dan niet gepaard kan gaan met agressie of verward gedrag. Dit kan leiden tot een zekere terughoudendheid om met deze clienten een behandelrelatie aan te gaan. Kennis over forensische theorieen/modellen en instrumenten voor het beoordelen van veiligheidsrisico’s en zorgbehoeften kan deze drempel mogelijk verlagen. Het Risk-Need-Responsivity-model biedt handvatten om het behandelbeleid en de behandelinhoud vorm te geven op basis van risicotaxatie-uitkomsten, bijvoorbeeld met de FARE (Forensisch Ambulante Risico Evaluatie). Ook werken met personen met verward en agressief gedrag vereist kennis over de doelgroep en van instrumenten om de veiligheid en de zorgbehoefte op adequate wijze in te kunnen schatten. Deze bijdrage biedt een overzicht van instrumenten om (acute) veiligheidsrisico’s en zorgbehoefte...
Background Antisocial behavior during adolescence can have long-lasting negative effects and lead... more Background Antisocial behavior during adolescence can have long-lasting negative effects and leads to high societal costs. Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (Forensische Ambulante Systeem Therapie; FAST) is a promising treatment for juveniles aged 12–21 showing severe antisocial behavior. The intensity, content and duration of FAST can be adjusted to the needs of the juvenile and their caregiver(s), which is considered crucial for effective treatment. Next to the regular version of FAST (FASTr), a blended version (FASTb) in which face-to-face contacts are replaced by minimally 50% online contacts over the duration of intervention was developed during the Covid-19 pandemic. The current study will investigate whether FASTb is equally effective as FASTr, and through which mechanisms of change, for whom, and under which conditions FASTr and FASTb work. Methods A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be carried out. Participants (N = 200) will be randomly assigned to FASTb (n = 100) ...
The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 2014
This meta-analysis, including six studies (13 effect sizes) and 164 adolescents, examined the eff... more This meta-analysis, including six studies (13 effect sizes) and 164 adolescents, examined the effectiveness of individually oriented treatment (which means that the intervention contained at least an individual component, possibly in combination with group and/or family therapy) with CBT-elements for adolescents with severe aggression problems. A large and homogeneous overall effect size was found (d = 1.139) indicating consistency across studies. The included studies examined the effect of three interventions, namely, mode deactivation therapy (MDT; four studies), stress-inoculation therapy (1), and the cell-phone program (1). This multilevel analysis demonstrated that only few individually oriented interventions have been developed and evaluated, while four of the included studies used a weak research design. Effective individually tailored interventions for youths with severe aggression problems (who are unsuitable for group treatment) are scant. There may be added value if group interventions are supplemented with more individually tailored evidence-based interventions.
Purpose Even though five to 11% of child-to-parent abuse (CPA) perpetrators are emerging adults (... more Purpose Even though five to 11% of child-to-parent abuse (CPA) perpetrators are emerging adults (age 18-23 years), relevant risk factors underlying CPA in this group are understudied. Method A multilevel meta-analysis was performed on nine studies (450 effect sizes, N = 1,043), comprising eight static (e.g., age and gender of perpetrator) and dynamic (e.g., substance abuse, financial problems) risk factors. Results Emerging adults who fell victim of domestic violence, or had antisocial cognitions, authority problems, or empathy problems displayed CPA more often. Moderator analyses revealed that the relation between gender of perpetrator and CPA was moderated by gender of victim (p = .033) and CPA type (p = .021). Gender of victim (p < .001) also moderated the relationship between single-parent household and CPA. Finally, the relation between witness to DV and CPA was moderated by age (p = .007). Conclusions This was the first multilevel meta-analysis focusing exclusively on CPA displayed by emerging adults. The results can be used as a basis for further research into relevant risk factors for CPA in this group and hopefully contribute to the development of health care interventions to reduce chances of CPA occurring. Keywords Child-to-parent abuse • CPA • Risk factors • Emerging adults • Meta-analysis Research has predominantly focused on child-to-parent abuse (CPA) in juveniles and adolescents. Less attention has been paid to exclusively emerging adults as CPA perpetrators. CPA is defined as any abusive behavior of physical, verbal/psychological, financial and/or sexual nature, aiming to assert control or gain power, by children towards their parents, while still living at home (Cancino-Padilla et al., 2020; Holt, 2016; Ibabe, 2020). Emerging adulthood refers to the period from the late teens to the early twenties (Arnett, 2000), characterized in this study as 18-to 23-year-olds. Literature on CPA shows that emerging adults living at home
In opdracht van KFZ werd onderzoek gedaan naar de statische en dynamische risico- en beschermende... more In opdracht van KFZ werd onderzoek gedaan naar de statische en dynamische risico- en beschermende factoren die het sterkst met recidive samenhangen. Het uitgangspunt was om, vertrekkend vanuit het RNR-model, een kernset van factoren te identificeren die voor het grootste deel van de ambulante forensische populatie zou gelden. De projectgroep heeft gekozen voor een multi-method design (meta-analyses, secundaire data-analyse op prospectieve data, veldonderzoek) waarbij de focus lag op de empirische onderbouwing van de kernset. In dit hoofdstuk worden kort de bevindingen weergegeven van de deelstudies die ten behoeve van de opdracht werden uitgevoerd.
Pin1 is the only known peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) that specifically recognizes ... more Pin1 is the only known peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) that specifically recognizes and isomerizes the phosphorylated Serine/Threonine-Proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif. The Pin1-mediated structural transformation posttranslationally regulates the biofunctions of multiple proteins. Pin1 is involved in many cellular processes, the aberrance of which lead to both degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Pin1 is highly expressed in the majority of cancers and its deficiency significantly suppresses cancer progression. According to the groundbreaking summaries by Hanahan D and Weinberg RA, the hallmarks of cancer comprise ten biological capabilities. Multiple researches illuminated that Pin1 contributes to these aberrant behaviors of cancer via promoting various cancer-driving pathways. This review summarized the detailed mechanisms of Pin1 in different cancer capabilities and certain Pin1-targeted small-molecule compounds that exhibit anticancer activities, expecting to facilitate anticancer therapies by targeting Pin1.
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Papers by Joan van Horn