This study investigates the remnants and dynamics of religious beliefs and practices among religiously unaffiliated youth in Europe, comparing them with the older unaffiliated as well as with the religiously affiliated. Using EVS... more
This study investigates the remnants and dynamics of religious beliefs and practices among religiously unaffiliated youth in Europe, comparing them with the older unaffiliated as well as with the religiously affiliated. Using EVS 2017-2021 data to test contrasting hypotheses of diffused religion and cohort replacement, the study draws three main conclusions. First, youth believe more on average and older age groups believe less when it comes to eschatological beliefs among both the unaffiliated and the affiliated. Second, youth practice less and older age groups practice more on average among both the unaffiliated and the affiliated. Third, the gaps in levels of religious beliefs and practices remain between the religiously unaffiliated and the religiously affiliated among younger populations, but this gap is now narrower for religious practices. Results confirm both hypotheses (diffused religion and cohort replacement) depending on the dimensions of religiosity at study.
Research Interests:
This article compares youth religiosity in each Catholic European country (cec) in two perspectives: with the rest of the population (35+) and among youth over time. Based on evs (European Values Study) and issp (International Social... more
This article compares youth religiosity in each Catholic European country (cec) in two perspectives: with the rest of the population (35+) and among youth over time. Based on evs (European Values Study) and issp (International Social Survey Programme), data comparisons are also made between cec s, as well as between and within European regions. Three dimensions of religiosity are examined: community, belief, and practice. Results confirm that in general youth religiosity is lower than among the older age group and decreases over time with some exceptions. Results also confirm the theories of cohort replacement and of multiple secularizations.
Research Interests:
In the last decade two projects studied religiosity in Portugal and in its capital region, Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). Based on these quantitative projects, this article aims to understand the impact of individualisation,... more
In the last decade two projects studied religiosity in Portugal and in its capital region,
Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). Based on these quantitative projects, this article
aims to understand the impact of individualisation, socialisation, and urbanisation
on Portuguese religiosity in two ways. First, it analyses the dimensions of religiosity
(belonging, practice, and belief) in LMA by age group. Second, it compares religiosity
in LMA with religiosity in Portugal overall. The first analysis shows that, although
the dimension of belief is more complex, religiosity generally increases with age.
This aligns with the development of individualisation and cohort replacement. The second analysis shows that Portugal has higher religiosity than LMA, which may
reflect different levels of urbanisation, even though aspects such as religious plurality
should be taken into account.
Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). Based on these quantitative projects, this article
aims to understand the impact of individualisation, socialisation, and urbanisation
on Portuguese religiosity in two ways. First, it analyses the dimensions of religiosity
(belonging, practice, and belief) in LMA by age group. Second, it compares religiosity
in LMA with religiosity in Portugal overall. The first analysis shows that, although
the dimension of belief is more complex, religiosity generally increases with age.
This aligns with the development of individualisation and cohort replacement. The second analysis shows that Portugal has higher religiosity than LMA, which may
reflect different levels of urbanisation, even though aspects such as religious plurality
should be taken into account.
Research Interests:
Although there is a rich body of research on religious transmission, relatively little attention has been given to studying this within specific religious traditions such as Catholicism, especially in Europe. Using data from the 2018... more
Although there is a rich body of research on religious transmission, relatively little attention has been given to studying this within specific religious traditions such as Catholicism, especially in Europe. Using data from the 2018 round of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), this study uses regression analysis to investigate individual-level determinants of religious transmission in 12 European countries with a Catholic tradition. We find support for the idea that parental religious socialization impacts adults' religiosity. More specifically, we find that childhood religiosity has explanatory effects separate from the impact of parental religiosity and that the religiosity of the father has a greater impact on offspring religiosity than the religiosity of the mother. We also find that childhood church attendance has a stronger effect in former communist countries than in western European countries. Overall, this study suggests the religious socialization perspective should be considered more in religious group-specific terms.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Portugal has been a good example of sociocultural changes during the last decades which have influenced the levels of religiosity, namely among young people. In this context, this article studies Portuguese youth religiosity in a... more
Portugal has been a good example of sociocultural changes during the last decades which have influenced the levels of religiosity, namely among young people. In this context, this article studies Portuguese youth religiosity in a comparative perspective. First, it compares Portuguese youth religiosity with the other Portuguese age groups’ religiosity. Second, it compares Portuguese youth religiosity over time. A supplementary analysis compares Portugal with Catholic Europe in both aspects. Portuguese youth are less religious than the other age groups, mainly the older group, and are becoming less religious over time. Comparing Portugal with Catholic Europe, differences in young people have decreased in the last two decades, reaching similar values in 2020. Quantitative analyses based on four religiosity dimensions (community, practice, belief, and norm), using the European Values Study, were applied. These data confirm secularization, including the theories of individualization and cohort replacement, in line with other studies.
Research Interests:
Resumo Este artigo sobre as minorias religiosas em Portugal tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica dos estudos qualitativos de cariz sociológico e/ou antropológico sobre as mesmas, contribuindo, assim, para reunir e... more
Resumo
Este artigo sobre as minorias religiosas em Portugal tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica dos estudos qualitativos de cariz sociológico e/ou antropológico sobre as mesmas, contribuindo, assim, para reunir e analisar os estudos referidos, para além de avaliar, no final, o estado da arte. Para o efeito, realiza-se uma análise exaustiva dos catálogos das bibliotecas das universidades, dos sites dos centros de investigação e das plataformas de dados curriculares, para se coligir as obras de cada autor doutorado, optando-se, sempre que possível, pelas mais recentes, completas e/ou representativas do objecto estudado. Por um lado, há minorias religiosas relativamente bem analisadas, como alguns evangélicos (Igreja Evangélica de Filadélfia), alguns outros cristãos (Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, Testemunhas de Jeová), religiões afro-brasileiras e africanas, cristãos orientais, muçulmanos, hindus e judeus. Por outro lado, há minorias religiosas totalmente por estudar, sobretudo evangélicos (e.g., Fraternal), outros cristãos (e.g., Igreja Mórmon) e minorias orientais (Budistas), cuja presença é mais significativa, ou protestantes, cuja presença é menos significativa.
Palavras-chave: Minorias religiosas. Portugal. Revisão bibliográfica.
Abstract
This article about the religious minorities in Portugal aims to present a bibliographical review of the sociological and/or anthropological qualitative studies about them, thus contributing to gather and analyze the mentioned studies, besides evaluating in the end the state of the art. For this purpose, an exhaustive analysis is carried out on the catalogs of the university libraries, the research centers' websites and the curricular data platforms, in order to collect the works of each doctoral author, opting whenever possible for the most recent, complete, and/or representative of the object studied. On the one hand, there are relatively well-analyzed religious minorities, such as some evangelicals (Evangelical Church of Philadelphia), some other Christians (Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, Jehovah's Witnesses), Afro-Brazilian and African religions, Eastern Christians, Muslims, Hindus, and Jews. On the other hand, there are religious minorities never studied, especially Evangelicals (e.g., Fraternal), other Christians (e.g., Mormon Church), and Eastern minorities (Buddhists) whose presence is most significant, or Protestants whose presence is less significant.
Keywords: Religious minorities. Portugal. Bibliographical review.
Este artigo sobre as minorias religiosas em Portugal tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica dos estudos qualitativos de cariz sociológico e/ou antropológico sobre as mesmas, contribuindo, assim, para reunir e analisar os estudos referidos, para além de avaliar, no final, o estado da arte. Para o efeito, realiza-se uma análise exaustiva dos catálogos das bibliotecas das universidades, dos sites dos centros de investigação e das plataformas de dados curriculares, para se coligir as obras de cada autor doutorado, optando-se, sempre que possível, pelas mais recentes, completas e/ou representativas do objecto estudado. Por um lado, há minorias religiosas relativamente bem analisadas, como alguns evangélicos (Igreja Evangélica de Filadélfia), alguns outros cristãos (Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, Testemunhas de Jeová), religiões afro-brasileiras e africanas, cristãos orientais, muçulmanos, hindus e judeus. Por outro lado, há minorias religiosas totalmente por estudar, sobretudo evangélicos (e.g., Fraternal), outros cristãos (e.g., Igreja Mórmon) e minorias orientais (Budistas), cuja presença é mais significativa, ou protestantes, cuja presença é menos significativa.
Palavras-chave: Minorias religiosas. Portugal. Revisão bibliográfica.
Abstract
This article about the religious minorities in Portugal aims to present a bibliographical review of the sociological and/or anthropological qualitative studies about them, thus contributing to gather and analyze the mentioned studies, besides evaluating in the end the state of the art. For this purpose, an exhaustive analysis is carried out on the catalogs of the university libraries, the research centers' websites and the curricular data platforms, in order to collect the works of each doctoral author, opting whenever possible for the most recent, complete, and/or representative of the object studied. On the one hand, there are relatively well-analyzed religious minorities, such as some evangelicals (Evangelical Church of Philadelphia), some other Christians (Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, Jehovah's Witnesses), Afro-Brazilian and African religions, Eastern Christians, Muslims, Hindus, and Jews. On the other hand, there are religious minorities never studied, especially Evangelicals (e.g., Fraternal), other Christians (e.g., Mormon Church), and Eastern minorities (Buddhists) whose presence is most significant, or Protestants whose presence is less significant.
Keywords: Religious minorities. Portugal. Bibliographical review.
Research Interests:
Resumo: Este artigo tem três objectivos: caracterizar a religiosidade em Portugal, compará-la com os países europeus de matriz católica e analisar a sua evolução. A análise assenta nas bases de dados do ESS, do EVS e do ISSP. Os... more
Resumo: Este artigo tem três objectivos: caracterizar a religiosidade em Portugal, compará-la com os países europeus de matriz católica e analisar a sua evolução. A análise assenta nas bases de dados do ESS, do EVS e do ISSP. Os indicadores da dimensão comunidade são os mais elevados e estão acima da média; os indicadores da dimensão crença são elevados ou médios; os indicadores da dimensão prática são baixos ou médios; os indicadores da dimensão norma são médios e estão próximos da média. Na generalidade, os indicadores parecem estar a decrescer. As crenças não cristãs são baixas e parecem estar a crescer ligeiramente. O tipo praticante parece estar a baixar, mas não a favor do tipo peregrino, pelo menos de forma significativa.
Palavras-chave: religiosidade; Portugal; caracterização; comparação; evolução
Abstract: This article has three aims: to characterize religiosity in Portugal, to compare it with European countries of Catholic origin, and to analyze its evolution. The analysis is based on ESS, EVS and ISSP databases. Community dimension’s indicators are the
highest and above average; belief dimension’s indicators are high or medium; practice
dimension’s indicators are low or medium; religious norms dimension’s indicators are
medium and close to the average. Overall, these indicators seem to be decreasing.
Non-Christian beliefs are low and appear to be growing slightly. The practitioner type
seems to be lowering, but not in favor of the pilgrim type, at least significantly.
Keywords: religiosity; Portugal; characterization; comparison; evolution
Este
Palavras-chave: religiosidade; Portugal; caracterização; comparação; evolução
Abstract: This article has three aims: to characterize religiosity in Portugal, to compare it with European countries of Catholic origin, and to analyze its evolution. The analysis is based on ESS, EVS and ISSP databases. Community dimension’s indicators are the
highest and above average; belief dimension’s indicators are high or medium; practice
dimension’s indicators are low or medium; religious norms dimension’s indicators are
medium and close to the average. Overall, these indicators seem to be decreasing.
Non-Christian beliefs are low and appear to be growing slightly. The practitioner type
seems to be lowering, but not in favor of the pilgrim type, at least significantly.
Keywords: religiosity; Portugal; characterization; comparison; evolution
Este
Research Interests:
Resumo: Este artigo, baseado no European Values Study, European Social Survey e International Social Survey Programme, discute a evolução da religiosidade juvenil portuguesa no período 1990-2016, comparando com o restante da população,... more
Resumo: Este artigo, baseado no European Values Study, European Social Survey e International Social Survey Programme, discute a evolução da religiosidade juvenil portuguesa no período 1990-2016, comparando com o restante da população, assente em quatro dimensões: comunidade, crença, prática e norma. As dimensões “comunidade”, “prática” e norma” decrescem, embora a “prática” possa estar estabilizada. A dimensão crença”, cristã e não cristã, cresce ou mantém-se. As dimensões “comunidade”, “prática” e “norma” são menores nos jovens, enquanto a dimensão “crença”, cristã e não cristã, é maior ou igual nos jovens. O artigo contribui para analisar a religiosidade juvenil em Portugal de forma mais exaustiva do que se encontra atualmente feito.
Palavras-chave: Religiosidade; Juventude; Portugal; Evolução; Comparação.
Abstract: This paper, based on the European Values Study, European Social Survey and International Social Survey Programme, discusses the evolution of Portuguese youth religiosity in the period between 1990 and 2016, comparing it with the population aged 30 or older, based on four topics: community, belief, practice and norm. The topics “community”, “practice”, and “norm” decrease, although “practice” may be stabilized. The topic “belief ”, Christian and non-Christian, increases or keeps the same value. The topics “community”, “practice” and “norm” are less representative in young people, while the topic “belief ”, Christian or non-Christian, is more or equally representative in young people. The paper contributes in the analysis of the youth religiosity in Portugal in a
more comprehensive way than it is currently done.
Keywords: Religiosity; Youth; Portugal; Evolution; Comparison.
Palavras-chave: Religiosidade; Juventude; Portugal; Evolução; Comparação.
Abstract: This paper, based on the European Values Study, European Social Survey and International Social Survey Programme, discusses the evolution of Portuguese youth religiosity in the period between 1990 and 2016, comparing it with the population aged 30 or older, based on four topics: community, belief, practice and norm. The topics “community”, “practice”, and “norm” decrease, although “practice” may be stabilized. The topic “belief ”, Christian and non-Christian, increases or keeps the same value. The topics “community”, “practice” and “norm” are less representative in young people, while the topic “belief ”, Christian or non-Christian, is more or equally representative in young people. The paper contributes in the analysis of the youth religiosity in Portugal in a
more comprehensive way than it is currently done.
Keywords: Religiosity; Youth; Portugal; Evolution; Comparison.
Research Interests:
Resumo: O objectivo deste artigo consiste em analisar a religiosidade em Portugal, desde o período medieval até à actualidade, para se encontrar eventuais tendências de longo prazo. Para esta análise diacrónica consultou-se a... more
Resumo: O objectivo deste artigo consiste em analisar a religiosidade em Portugal, desde o período medieval até à actualidade, para se encontrar eventuais tendências de longo prazo. Para esta análise diacrónica consultou-se a historiografia especializada, sobretudo a História religiosa de Portugal e a História da vida privada, e analisou-se o enquadramento societal e organizacional, assente na teoria sociológica da mobilização de recursos. Conclui-se que não há tendências lineares de crescimento ou decréscimo da religiosidade desde o período medieval até à actualidade, mas antes a sua transformação ao longo dos vários períodos. O período medieval foi marcado pela profunda ligação entre o sagrado e o profano, enquanto o período moderno se assinalou pela depuração do sagrado através do controlo eclesiástico. O Liberalismo e a I República empreenderam fortes ataques ao catolicismo, enquanto o Estado Novo inverteu esta tendência. No regime democrático actual, a religiosidade revela-se pela individualização em ambiente plural. Palavras-chave: História religiosa; religiosidade; Portugal.
Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze religiosity in Portugal, from medieval period to the present, to find possible long-term trends. For this diachronic analysis, specialized historiography, especially the Religious history of Portugal and the History of private life, was consulted and the societal and organizational framework, based on the sociological theory of the mobilization of resources, was analyzed. It is concluded that there are no linear trends of growth or decrease in religiosity from the medieval period to the present, but rather its transformation over the various periods. The medieval period was marked by the deep connection between sacred and profane, while the modern period was marked by the purification of the sacred through ecclesiastical control. Liberalism and the First Republic undertook strong attacks on Catholicism, while the Estado Novo reversed this trend. In the current democratic regime, religiosity is revealed by individualization in a plural environment.
Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze religiosity in Portugal, from medieval period to the present, to find possible long-term trends. For this diachronic analysis, specialized historiography, especially the Religious history of Portugal and the History of private life, was consulted and the societal and organizational framework, based on the sociological theory of the mobilization of resources, was analyzed. It is concluded that there are no linear trends of growth or decrease in religiosity from the medieval period to the present, but rather its transformation over the various periods. The medieval period was marked by the deep connection between sacred and profane, while the modern period was marked by the purification of the sacred through ecclesiastical control. Liberalism and the First Republic undertook strong attacks on Catholicism, while the Estado Novo reversed this trend. In the current democratic regime, religiosity is revealed by individualization in a plural environment.
Research Interests:
Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar quantitativamente as minorias religiosas em Portugal, alcançando-o em duas fases. Primeiro, analisa-se o peso relativo e absoluto de cada grupo religioso, a evolução de cada grupo religioso,... more
Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar quantitativamente as minorias religiosas em Portugal, alcançando-o em duas fases. Primeiro, analisa-se o peso relativo e absoluto de cada grupo religioso, a evolução de cada grupo religioso, os membros e locais de culto por região. Segundo, caracteriza-se as minorias religiosas por variáveis sociodemográficas, práticas, crenças e valores. Das conclusões, salienta-se que nos últimos trinta anos as minorias religiosas têm crescido em Portugal, destacando-se o crescimento e o peso das minorias cristãs (outros cristãos, protestantes e ortodoxos).
Palavras-chave: Minorias religiosas. Portugal. Análise quantitativa.
Abstract: This article aims to quantitatively analyze the religious minorities in Portugal, reaching it in two phases. First, the author analyses the relative and absolute weight of each religious group, the evolution of each religious group, the members and places of worship by region. Second, religious minorities are characterized by socio-demographic variables, practices, beliefs, and values. From the conclusions, it should be noted that in the last thirty years, the religious minorities have grown in Portugal, especially the growth and weight of Christian minorities (other Christians, Protestants, and Orthodox).
Keywords: Religious minorities. Portugal. Quantitative analysis.
Palavras-chave: Minorias religiosas. Portugal. Análise quantitativa.
Abstract: This article aims to quantitatively analyze the religious minorities in Portugal, reaching it in two phases. First, the author analyses the relative and absolute weight of each religious group, the evolution of each religious group, the members and places of worship by region. Second, religious minorities are characterized by socio-demographic variables, practices, beliefs, and values. From the conclusions, it should be noted that in the last thirty years, the religious minorities have grown in Portugal, especially the growth and weight of Christian minorities (other Christians, Protestants, and Orthodox).
Keywords: Religious minorities. Portugal. Quantitative analysis.
Research Interests:
Resumo: Este artigo tem dois objetivos. Primeiro: define-se e caracteriza-se clusters de restrição à liberdade religiosa (ou restrição religiosa), a nívelmundial, assente em fatores religiosos, culturais, políticos, económicos, sociais... more
Resumo: Este artigo tem dois objetivos. Primeiro: define-se e caracteriza-se clusters de
restrição à liberdade religiosa (ou restrição religiosa), a nívelmundial, assente
em fatores religiosos, culturais, políticos, económicos, sociais e demográficos.
Segundo: desenvolve-se três modelos explicativos da restrição religiosa, assentes
nestes factores. A análise baseia-se no Pew Research Center, tanto nos
dados das restrições governamentais e das hostilidades sociais, como nos seus
quatro grupos (baixo,moderado, elevado emuito elevado). O principal factor
explicativo da restrição religiosa é a percentagem de cristãos não ortodoxos, a
mais importante nos trêsmodelos, acrescido da dimensão populacional, liberdade,
fraccionamento religioso e minoria muçulmana, cuja importância varia
por modelo.
Palavras-chave: restrição religiosa, mundo, clusters, factores
Abstract: This article has two goals. First, clusters of restrictions on religious freedom (or
religious restraint) are defined and characterized worldwide, based on
religious, cultural, political, economic, social and demographic factors.
Second, three explanatory models of religious restraint are developed, based
on these factors. The analysis is based on the Pew Research Center, both in
terms of government restrictions and social hostilities, and in its four groups
(low, moderate, high and very high). The main explanatory factor of religious
restraint is the percentage of unorthodox Christians, the most important in all
three models, plus the population size, freedom, religious fractionation and
Muslim minority, whose importance varies by model.
Keywords: religious restraint, world, clusters, factors
restrição à liberdade religiosa (ou restrição religiosa), a nívelmundial, assente
em fatores religiosos, culturais, políticos, económicos, sociais e demográficos.
Segundo: desenvolve-se três modelos explicativos da restrição religiosa, assentes
nestes factores. A análise baseia-se no Pew Research Center, tanto nos
dados das restrições governamentais e das hostilidades sociais, como nos seus
quatro grupos (baixo,moderado, elevado emuito elevado). O principal factor
explicativo da restrição religiosa é a percentagem de cristãos não ortodoxos, a
mais importante nos trêsmodelos, acrescido da dimensão populacional, liberdade,
fraccionamento religioso e minoria muçulmana, cuja importância varia
por modelo.
Palavras-chave: restrição religiosa, mundo, clusters, factores
Abstract: This article has two goals. First, clusters of restrictions on religious freedom (or
religious restraint) are defined and characterized worldwide, based on
religious, cultural, political, economic, social and demographic factors.
Second, three explanatory models of religious restraint are developed, based
on these factors. The analysis is based on the Pew Research Center, both in
terms of government restrictions and social hostilities, and in its four groups
(low, moderate, high and very high). The main explanatory factor of religious
restraint is the percentage of unorthodox Christians, the most important in all
three models, plus the population size, freedom, religious fractionation and
Muslim minority, whose importance varies by model.
Keywords: religious restraint, world, clusters, factors
Research Interests:
Síntese: Este artigo tem como objectivo analisar o campo religioso português, focando-se na Igreja Católica e aplicando a análise externa e a análise interna, segundo o método empresarial da análise SWOT. A análise externa examina a... more
Síntese: Este artigo tem como objectivo analisar o campo religioso português, focando-se na Igreja Católica e aplicando a análise externa e a análise interna, segundo o método empresarial da análise SWOT. A análise externa examina a envolvente contextual, a envolvente transaccional, ameaças e oportunidades, a atractividade e a estrutura. A análise interna examina recursos e sua evolução, produtos/serviços disponibilizados, assim como pontos fracos e pontos fortes. Por fim, questiona-se o sucesso da Igreja Católica com base nos conceitos de estratégia, factores críticos de sucesso e competências centrais, concluindo-se pela multiplicidade de realidades dentro da Igreja Católica, devido à variedade de competências centrais de cada entidade eclesial. Palavras-chave: Campo religioso; Portugal; Análise externa; Análise interna; Igreja Católica.
Abstract: This article aims to analyse the Portuguese religious field, focusing on the Catholic Church and applying external analysis and internal analysis, according to the business method of SWOT analysis. External analysis examines the contextual environment, the transactional environment, threats and opportunities, attractiveness, and structure. The internal analysis examines resources and their evolution, products/services available, as well as weaknesses and strengths. Finally, the success of the Catholic Church is questioned based on the concepts of strategy, critical success factors and core competences, concluding by the multiplicity of realities within the Catholic Church, due to the variety of central competences of each ecclesial entity.
Keywords: Religious field; Portugal; External analysis; Internal analysis; Catholic Church.
Abstract: This article aims to analyse the Portuguese religious field, focusing on the Catholic Church and applying external analysis and internal analysis, according to the business method of SWOT analysis. External analysis examines the contextual environment, the transactional environment, threats and opportunities, attractiveness, and structure. The internal analysis examines resources and their evolution, products/services available, as well as weaknesses and strengths. Finally, the success of the Catholic Church is questioned based on the concepts of strategy, critical success factors and core competences, concluding by the multiplicity of realities within the Catholic Church, due to the variety of central competences of each ecclesial entity.
Keywords: Religious field; Portugal; External analysis; Internal analysis; Catholic Church.
Research Interests:
Resumo: Este artigo desenvolve a modernização em dois tempos. Primeiro, abordam-se os processos subjacentes à primeira modernização. Segundo, abordam-se os contributos teóricos relativos à segunda modernização, focada na sua influência na... more
Resumo: Este artigo desenvolve a modernização em dois tempos. Primeiro, abordam-se os processos subjacentes à primeira modernização. Segundo, abordam-se os contributos teóricos relativos à segunda modernização, focada na sua influência na religiosidade actual. A primeira modernização caracterizou-se pela centralidade da razão e do indivíduo. A segunda modernização distingue-se pela importância do indivíduo e do risco. Na religião institucional ou na espiritualidade individual podem encontrar-se soluções para o individualismo extremado como para os riscos globais, para a falta de sentido e para o isolamento urbano.
Palavras-chave: Primeira modernização. Segunda modernização. Religiosidade.
Abstract: This article develops modernization in two times. First, the processes underlying the first modernization are addressed. Second, it is discussed the theoretical contributions related to the second modernization, focused on its influence on contemporary religiosity. The first modernization was characterized by the centrality of reason and the individual. The second modernization is distinguished by the importance of the individual and the risk. In institutional religion or in individual spirituality solutions can be found to extreme individualism and for global risks, for
meaninglessness and for urban isolation.
Keywords: First Modernization; Second Modernization; Religiosity
Palavras-chave: Primeira modernização. Segunda modernização. Religiosidade.
Abstract: This article develops modernization in two times. First, the processes underlying the first modernization are addressed. Second, it is discussed the theoretical contributions related to the second modernization, focused on its influence on contemporary religiosity. The first modernization was characterized by the centrality of reason and the individual. The second modernization is distinguished by the importance of the individual and the risk. In institutional religion or in individual spirituality solutions can be found to extreme individualism and for global risks, for
meaninglessness and for urban isolation.
Keywords: First Modernization; Second Modernization; Religiosity
Research Interests:
Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o campo científico da Sociologia (e Antropologia) da Religião em Portugal, estudando os seus agentes (autores) e publicações acadêmicas respectivas. De uma Sociologia inicial marcada pela... more
Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o campo científico da Sociologia (e Antropologia) da Religião em Portugal, estudando os seus agentes (autores) e publicações acadêmicas respectivas. De uma Sociologia inicial marcada pela agenda pastoral da Igreja Católica, assiste-se à secularização da mesma. Em termos de agentes, a investigação atual concentra-se sobretudo em Lisboa, decorrendo também no Porto, Braga e Ponta Delgada, perdendo-se entretanto o pólo de Évora, associado aos jesuítas. A obra publicada pode dividir-se em duas áreas: sociológica (caracterização do campo religioso português e análise da relação da religião com a política) e antropológica (minorias religiosas associadas aos imigrantes).
Palavras-chave: Sociologia da religião. Antropologia da religião. Campo científico. Portugal.
Abstract: This article aims to analyse the scientific field of sociology (and anthropology) of religion in Portugal, studying their agents (authors) and their published academic work. From an initial sociology marked by pastoral agenda of the Catholic Church, we are witnessing the secularisation of it. In terms of agents, current research focuses mainly in Lisbon, also elapsing in Oporto, Braga and Ponta Delgada, losing however the pole of Évora, associated with the Jesuits. The published work can be divided into two areas: sociological (characterisation of the Portuguese religious field and analysis of the relationship between religion and politics) and anthropological (religious minorities associated with immigrants).
Keywords: sociology of religion, anthropology of religion, scientific field, Portugal
Palavras-chave: Sociologia da religião. Antropologia da religião. Campo científico. Portugal.
Abstract: This article aims to analyse the scientific field of sociology (and anthropology) of religion in Portugal, studying their agents (authors) and their published academic work. From an initial sociology marked by pastoral agenda of the Catholic Church, we are witnessing the secularisation of it. In terms of agents, current research focuses mainly in Lisbon, also elapsing in Oporto, Braga and Ponta Delgada, losing however the pole of Évora, associated with the Jesuits. The published work can be divided into two areas: sociological (characterisation of the Portuguese religious field and analysis of the relationship between religion and politics) and anthropological (religious minorities associated with immigrants).
Keywords: sociology of religion, anthropology of religion, scientific field, Portugal
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Resumo: Este artigo tem como objectivo organizar as teorias da secularização de forma diferente, assentando-as em filiações filosóficas/sociológicas e em níveis de análise. Para tal, como método, usa-se a análise comparada de conteúdo das... more
Resumo: Este artigo tem como objectivo organizar as teorias da secularização de forma diferente, assentando-as em filiações filosóficas/sociológicas e em níveis de análise. Para tal, como método, usa-se a análise comparada de conteúdo das teorias e/ou dos trabalhos mais relevantes dos principais autores. As teorias podem dividir-se em dois grupos principais, adeptos e adversários da secularização. Enquanto os adeptos se afiguram como aprofundamentos e ajustamentos das teorias clássicas à realidade contemporânea, advogando sobretudo a religiosidade individual, os adversários apresentam concepções diferentes das teorias clássicas da secularização, defendendo a permanência da religiosidade institucional. No primeiro grupo encontram-se as teorias pós-clássicas e as teorias da individualização, enquanto no segundo grupo apresentam-se o modelo económico, as teorias do regresso e as teorias histórico-culturais. Weber e Durkheim, e as correntes epistemológicas que representam, são a maior influência das várias teorias existentes, umas mais descendentes do primeiro, outras do segundo. O modelo económico distingue-se das restantes teorias por ser a única que não é influenciada por Weber e que é influenciada pelo empirismo anglo-saxónico.
Palavras-chave: secularização, teorias adeptas, teorias adversárias, Weber, Durkheim
Abstract: This article aims to organise the theories of secularisation differently, based on philosophical/sociological affiliations and levels of analysis. To do so, as method, the comparative content analysis of the theories and/or the most relevant works of the main authors is used. Theories can be divided into two main groups, adepts and opponents of secularisation. While the adepts appear as deepening and adjustments of classic theories to the contemporary reality, advocating mainly the individual religiosity, the opponents present different conceptions of classic theories of secularisation, defending the permanence of the institutional religiosity. In the first group are the post-classical theories and the theories of individualisation, while in the second group are presented the economic model, the theories of return and the historical-cultural theories. Weber and Durkheim, and the epistemological schools they represent, are the major influence on the various existing theories, some mainly descendants of the former, others of the latter. The economic model differs from the other theories because it is the only one that is not influenced by Weber and is influenced by Anglo-Saxon empiricism.
Keywords: secularisation, adept theories, opponent theories, Weber, Durkheim
Palavras-chave: secularização, teorias adeptas, teorias adversárias, Weber, Durkheim
Abstract: This article aims to organise the theories of secularisation differently, based on philosophical/sociological affiliations and levels of analysis. To do so, as method, the comparative content analysis of the theories and/or the most relevant works of the main authors is used. Theories can be divided into two main groups, adepts and opponents of secularisation. While the adepts appear as deepening and adjustments of classic theories to the contemporary reality, advocating mainly the individual religiosity, the opponents present different conceptions of classic theories of secularisation, defending the permanence of the institutional religiosity. In the first group are the post-classical theories and the theories of individualisation, while in the second group are presented the economic model, the theories of return and the historical-cultural theories. Weber and Durkheim, and the epistemological schools they represent, are the major influence on the various existing theories, some mainly descendants of the former, others of the latter. The economic model differs from the other theories because it is the only one that is not influenced by Weber and is influenced by Anglo-Saxon empiricism.
Keywords: secularisation, adept theories, opponent theories, Weber, Durkheim
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Resumo: Este artigo tem como objectivo analisar a história religiosa de Portugal à luz das teorias da secularização (autonomização, limitação de recursos, privatização e pluralização). Com base nestas quatro teorias olha-se para toda a... more
Resumo: Este artigo tem como objectivo analisar a história religiosa de Portugal à luz das teorias da secularização (autonomização, limitação de recursos, privatização e pluralização). Com base nestas quatro teorias olha-se para toda a história religiosa de Portugal, desde a fundação até à actualidade. A autonomização apresenta uma tendência clara de afirmação, actualmente consolidada. A limitação expandiu-se ao longo da história, apesar da tendência instável nos últimos dois séculos e da ambiguidade actual. A privatização também se apresenta ambígua, pois embora a religião tenha recuado no espaço público do Liberalismo à I República, voltou a partir do Estado Novo, estando presente agora. A pluralização apresenta-se consistente, pelo enquadramento legal nacional e internacional, embora a aprovação de novas confissões religiosas esteja condicionada.
Palavras-chave: História religiosa; Secularização; Portugal.
Abstract : This article aims to analyze the religious history of Portugal in the light of the theories of secularization (autonomization, resource limitation, privatization and pluralization). Based on these four theories I intend to look for the whole religious history of Portugal, from the foundation to the present time. Autonomization presents a clear affirmative trend, currently consolidated. The limitation has expanded throughout history, despite the unstable trend in the last two centuries and the current ambiguity. Privatization is also ambiguous, because although religion has retreated in the public space from Liberalism to the First Republic, it returned with the Estado Novo, being present now. Pluralization is consistent, due to the national and international legal framework, although the approval of new religious denominations is conditioned.
Keywords: Religious history; secularization; Portugal.
Palavras-chave: História religiosa; Secularização; Portugal.
Abstract : This article aims to analyze the religious history of Portugal in the light of the theories of secularization (autonomization, resource limitation, privatization and pluralization). Based on these four theories I intend to look for the whole religious history of Portugal, from the foundation to the present time. Autonomization presents a clear affirmative trend, currently consolidated. The limitation has expanded throughout history, despite the unstable trend in the last two centuries and the current ambiguity. Privatization is also ambiguous, because although religion has retreated in the public space from Liberalism to the First Republic, it returned with the Estado Novo, being present now. Pluralization is consistent, due to the national and international legal framework, although the approval of new religious denominations is conditioned.
Keywords: Religious history; secularization; Portugal.
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Abstract: This paper has three aims. The first aim is to measure religiosity across all European countries through an index that combines beliefs, practices, and attitudes. The second aim is to analyse the strength of societal factors on... more
Abstract: This paper has three aims. The first aim is to measure religiosity across all European countries through an index that combines beliefs, practices, and attitudes. The second aim is to analyse the strength of societal factors on religiosity, including modernisation, communist rule, national identity, religious pluralism, and religious freedom. The final aim is to group European countries by religiosity and to characterise each cluster by dominant religions and these five societal factors. Based on EVS 2008, it was applied multivariate analysis to reach these aims. Cluster 1 is mainly composed of Orthodox, Muslims, and Catholics; cluster 2 of Catholics, Orthodox, and people without religion; cluster 3 by people without religion, Protestants, and Catholics. Across clusters, the degree of human development, religious pluralism, and religious freedom increase, while the degree of national identity decreases.
Keywords: religiosity, Europe, European Values Study (EVS)
Keywords: religiosity, Europe, European Values Study (EVS)
Abstract: This article, based on EVS 2008, presents clusters of religiosity regarding the Portuguese population. The author based his research on multiple correspondence analysis and clusters analysis, using one indicator for each... more
Abstract: This article, based on EVS 2008, presents clusters of religiosity regarding the Portuguese population. The author based his research on multiple correspondence analysis and clusters analysis, using one indicator for each dimension of religiosity (belief, practice, and attitude). Five clusters of religiosity were found: non-practicing heterodox believers, occasional practicing heterodox believers, skeptical Catholics, intermediate Catholics, and observant Catholics. These clusters were crossed with socio-demographic indicators and indicators to assess individualization.
Keywords: religiosity; individualization; Portugal; Catholicism.
Keywords: religiosity; individualization; Portugal; Catholicism.
Abstract: This article presents results of the author's PhD thesis based on religious beliefs and practices, and attitudes of towards marriage, life, and sexuality. The sample included 500 undergraduate students from public universities... more
Abstract: This article presents results of the author's PhD thesis based on religious beliefs and practices, and attitudes of towards marriage, life, and sexuality. The sample included 500 undergraduate students from public universities of Lisbon. Applying multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis to these beliefs, practices, and attitudes, three clusters or types of religiosity were produced: nuclear Catholics, intermediate Catholics, and non-Catholics. These clusters were characterised in terms of religious socialisation, as well as of non-Catholic beliefs and practices, and aspects of life. When crossed with these last items, the clusters were renamed respectively: socio-centred orthodox, ambitious heterodox, activist and hedonist non-believers.
Keywords: secularisation, individualisation, socialisation, undergraduate youth
Keywords: secularisation, individualisation, socialisation, undergraduate youth
Abstract: This article, based on EVS data, discusses the evolution of Portuguese youth religiosity between 1990 and 2008. The theories of secularisation and individualisation guide this study. The author explores variables of Catholic... more
Abstract: This article, based on EVS data, discusses the evolution of Portuguese youth religiosity between 1990 and 2008. The theories of secularisation and individualisation guide this study. The author explores variables of Catholic beliefs and practices, attitudes towards life and sexuality, and non-Catholic beliefs to assess religious transformation. There was a decline of religious practice (Mass assistance) and of Catholic norms' observance; while there was an increase of Catholic and non-Catholic beliefs. Portugal is in-between Malta and Czech Republic, the two extreme types of Catholic belonging, although with differences according to variables. Family socialisation and leisure (sexuality, information and communication technologies, and consumption) are key factors for explaining these changes. Individualisation is an essential process of this late modernity and supports the explanations obtained.
Keywords: Family socialisation; Individualisation; Leisure; Portuguese youth; Religiosity; Secularisation
Keywords: Family socialisation; Individualisation; Leisure; Portuguese youth; Religiosity; Secularisation
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Resumo: Neste artigo são abordadas as definições de religião, tanto as substantivas como as funcionais. As várias componentes da religião são referidas. Na visão substantiva, a religião é um sistema que engloba crenças, práticas, valores... more
Resumo: Neste artigo são abordadas as definições de religião, tanto as substantivas como as funcionais. As várias componentes da religião são referidas. Na visão substantiva, a religião é um sistema que engloba crenças, práticas, valores e organizações. Na visão funcional, a religião oferece normas, coesão, tranquilidade, estímulo, sentido, experiência, maturidade, identidade, redenção. O sagrado, a espiritualidade, a ideologia, a superstição e a magia são conceitos relacionados com a religião, sendo o seu significado também desenvolvido.
Palavras-chave: Religião; Sagrado; Espiritualidade; Ideologia.
Abstract: In this article the definitions of religion are approached. Both substantive and functional definitions are referred. The several components of religion are mentioned. In a substantive view, religion is a system that comprises beliefs, practices, values and organizations. In a functional view, religion offers norms, cohesion, tranquillity, stimulus, meaning, experience, maturation, identity, redemption. Sacred, spirituality, ideology, superstition and magic are concepts related with religion. Their meaning will be developed here.
Keywords: Religion; Sacred; Spirituality; Ideology
Palavras-chave: Religião; Sagrado; Espiritualidade; Ideologia.
Abstract: In this article the definitions of religion are approached. Both substantive and functional definitions are referred. The several components of religion are mentioned. In a substantive view, religion is a system that comprises beliefs, practices, values and organizations. In a functional view, religion offers norms, cohesion, tranquillity, stimulus, meaning, experience, maturation, identity, redemption. Sacred, spirituality, ideology, superstition and magic are concepts related with religion. Their meaning will be developed here.
Keywords: Religion; Sacred; Spirituality; Ideology
Abstract: This paper presents results of the author’s PhD research: Catholic beliefs and practices, attitudes toward marriage, life and sexuality. The empirical support is a survey made to a sample of 500 students from Lisbon public... more
Abstract: This paper presents results of the author’s PhD research: Catholic beliefs and practices, attitudes toward marriage, life and sexuality. The empirical support is a survey made to a sample of 500 students from Lisbon public universities, using a non-random sampling in two phases, first a quota sampling and after a convenience one. There are some results that stand out. More than half of students of the sample call themselves Catholic and believe in the dogmatic representations about God, Jesus and Mary, though other dogmatic beliefs as hell, purgatory and resurrection are much lower. There is some spirituality among students, although the importance of God is less important. The frequencies of the Mass, prayer, Holy Communion, confession are all very low. The attitudes toward marriage, life and sexuality lie between ‘some’ and ‘very’, with abortion having the smallest rating and contraception the highest. In general, undergraduate youth is away from the norms of the Church. At the same time, these youngsters believe and belong more than they practice.
Keywords: Beliefs. Practices. Attitudes. Portugal. Undergraduate students
Keywords: Beliefs. Practices. Attitudes. Portugal. Undergraduate students
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Recensão crítica do livro 'Between construction and deconstruction of the universes of meaning: research into the religiosity of academic youth in the years 1988-1998-2005-2017', editado por Slawomir H. Zareba e Marcin Zarzecki.
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Recensão crítica do livro 'L’Église, les jeunes et la mondialisation: une histoire des JMJ', de Charles Mercier
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Recensão crítica do livro 'A religião no espaço público português', de Helena Vilaça e Maria João Oliveira
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Recensão crítica do livro 'Mudanças Culturais, Mudanças Religiosas. Perfis e Tendências da Religiosidade em Portugal Numa Perspetiva Comparada', de Eduardo Duque
Recensão crítica do livro 'Religião e Juventude. Os Novos Carismáticos', de Flávio Munhoz Sofiati
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Este livro apresenta uma síntese e uma reflexão sobre os resultados principais de dois estudos sociológicos subordinados ao tema: “Causas de ignição humanas dos incêndios florestais”, decorridos em 2006 e em 2007. Inseridos no âmbito do... more
Este livro apresenta uma síntese e uma reflexão sobre os resultados principais de dois estudos sociológicos subordinados ao tema: “Causas de ignição humanas dos incêndios florestais”, decorridos em 2006 e em 2007. Inseridos no âmbito do 2º eixo estratégico do Plano Nacional de Defesa da Floresta Contra Incêndios (PNDFCI), ambos os estudos tiveram como objectivo prioritário contribuir para melhorar o conhecimento das causas dos incêndios florestais, numa perspectiva sociológica. Ao mesmo tempo, no segundo projecto, contribuiu-se para a compreensão das atitudes das populações em relação aos incêndios, ambiente e floresta, aspecto que já tinha sido iniciado no primeiro projecto.
Apoiando-se em técnicas quantitativas como qualitativas, a pesquisa de terreno decorreu em várias realidades agro-florestais e florestais do nosso país, abrangendo quinze concelhos, em treze distritos distintos, havendo, desta forma, um âmbito nacional de análise. Na agregação das causas principais identificadas, resultaram os seguintes oito tipos: a actividade agrícola, a actividade cinegética, as áreas protegidas, os baldios, a expansão peri-urbana, o pastoreio, a pressão sazonal e a produção florestal. Ainda foram reconhecidos, como tipos importantes, os reacendimentos, as perturbações psicológicas e os conflitos entre vizinhos.
Na senda destes estudos, efectuam-se algumas recomendações e preconizam-se análises mais qualitativas, de forma a aprofundar alguns tipos de causas, cujo conhecimento é mais premente.
Apoiando-se em técnicas quantitativas como qualitativas, a pesquisa de terreno decorreu em várias realidades agro-florestais e florestais do nosso país, abrangendo quinze concelhos, em treze distritos distintos, havendo, desta forma, um âmbito nacional de análise. Na agregação das causas principais identificadas, resultaram os seguintes oito tipos: a actividade agrícola, a actividade cinegética, as áreas protegidas, os baldios, a expansão peri-urbana, o pastoreio, a pressão sazonal e a produção florestal. Ainda foram reconhecidos, como tipos importantes, os reacendimentos, as perturbações psicológicas e os conflitos entre vizinhos.
Na senda destes estudos, efectuam-se algumas recomendações e preconizam-se análises mais qualitativas, de forma a aprofundar alguns tipos de causas, cujo conhecimento é mais premente.