A field experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of registered and unregistered herbicide... more A field experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of registered and unregistered herbicides in some broad bean (Vicia faba L.) growth traits. Four herbicides were used in this study: Illoxan (Diclofop - methyl) with two rates 0.88 and 1.76 kg a.i./ha, Basagran (bentazone) at 1.44 kg a.i./ha, Treflan (trifluralin) at 0.576 kg a.i./ha and TOPIK 15 wp (clodinafop-propargyl) at 0.12 kg a.i./ha as well as the control treatment (non-treated). Most of these herbicides showed a reduction of most of the parameters. Control treatment recorded a significant superior in leaf area, root size and top biomass weight which was 341 cm², 5.90 cm² and 2.46 gm respectively, while; TOPIK recorded the higher number of leaves (20.67) without significant differences as compared with control treatment. All herbicides revealed no differences between them in most parameters except Illoxan at 0.88 kg a.i./ha, which gave the best results in most plant growth traits while trifluralin gave higher degree of injury (2.33).
Industrial ecology is a hierarchy of production process which is designed for the material cycle ... more Industrial ecology is a hierarchy of production process which is designed for the material cycle accompanied with optimal raw material obtaining, production, consumption and final disposal aiming to minimize the environmental outcomes and waste. In an industrial process, making use of raw materials in process and changes on these materials along with waste disposal has different effects on the surrounding environment. These influences can directly be at first level on the region of environmental changes, microscale climate changes, lifecycle changes among organisms and plants as well as different soil, water, air pollutions and in the next level, indirect effects such as macroscale climate changes and local people’s lifestyle changes etc. But, industrial ecology can be used in industrial development in order to design industrial cycles such that industrial activities have the least influence on surrounding environment. Present article aims to design the Golistan Payvand factory. During the process some solutions were derived in order to improve the cement factory wastes management as well as consistency between cement industry and natural basin.
The present study aimed at showing the effect of using water extract of Nettle leaves (Urtica dio... more The present study aimed at showing the effect of using water extract of Nettle leaves (Urtica dioica) on some immunological and blood traits of broiler. 240 chicken broiler (Ross 308) were used at one day aged and 43 g mean weight. They were randomly distributed in four treatments with 60 chick per treatment having three replicates for each. Experimental treatments included: First treatment T1 Control treatment without any addition of plant extract, the other treatments (T2, T3 and T4) were added to the water extract of nettle leaves with three concentrations (10, 15, 20 ml/l) in the drinking water, respectively. The results of this study showed significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the immunological traits (Delayed Type Hypersensitivity test (DTH), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), relative weight of fabricia and fabricia index) and blood Traits (red blood cells, white blood cells, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration and Heterophil/ Lymphocyte ratio (H/L) for water extraction of the nettle leaf groups and compared with the control treatment.
The objectives of this study was to study the effect of lactoferrin (0, 3, and 6 g LF/day) added ... more The objectives of this study was to study the effect of lactoferrin (0, 3, and 6 g LF/day) added to colostrum and milk on the body weight and body measurements (wither height, body length, heart girth and body barrel) in 18 Holstein calves from the first day of birth to 60 days of age. The results showed that they were highly significant (P<0.01) in the average body weight of calves aged 30 and 60 days, for the calves fed 6 and 3 g of lactoferrin compared with the control calves (0 g of LF). The average weight gain was also affected (30 days old, and 30 to 60 days and from birth to 60 days) significantly (P<0.01) with the different lactoferrin levels. Achieved calves were fed with 6 g of lactoferrin and the next level calves were fed with 3 g of Lactoferrin and received best results with increased weight than the control calves. There seen a significant difference (P<0.05) in each of the wither height and body length in calves aged 30 and high significant (P<0.01) in 60 days depending on the treatment with lactoferrin, calves of the third treatments (6 g of LF) and the second (3 g of LF) highest rate of wither height and body length are compared with the control calves (0 g LF). The heart girth was also significantly affected (P<0.05) at the age of 30 days and high morale at 60 days, in both the ages results favoured the calves. In the two treatments viz., third (6 g of LF) and second (3 g of LF) compared with the control calves (0 g of LF), the variance in the body barrel was significantly higher at 30 and 60 days for calves fed on lactoferrin at 3 and 6 g/day. The study summarized that addition of lactoferrin protein in calves fed in early ages after birth had better performance in growth and dimensions of the body.
This study was carried out at the Al-Salam dairy farm, at Latifiya, 25 km south of Baghdad. The l... more This study was carried out at the Al-Salam dairy farm, at Latifiya, 25 km south of Baghdad. The laboratory experiments on blood analysis were conducted for a period from 3 September 2017 to 11 December 2017, for investigating the effect of adding different levels of lactoferrin (0, 3 and 6 g Lf/day) to colostrum and milk in immunity and a number of blood traits in 18 Holstein calves from birth to 60 days. The results of the study showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the concentration of IgG in calves' blood, with increased lactoferrin concentration level at the age of 30 days in calves' blood of the control group, second and third treatment, 10.13±0.52, 11.90±0.72 and 12.67±0.63 mg/m respectively. IgM and IgA concentrations were not affected by the treatments at the age of 30 days. At the age of 60 days, the differences were significant (P<0.05) in IgG and IgM for the third treatment calves (6 g Lf), then for the second treatment calves (3 g Lf), while the lowest concentrations for the control group. The results of the this study showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the transferrin concentration of the calves blood at 30 and 60 days for the control group (without Lf) compared with the calves of the second treatment groups and the third. The iron level in the blood at the age of 60 days were also significant (P<0.01), where the concentration increased by increasing the level of lactoferrin and reached maximum (140.00±0.67 mcg/ml) for the third treatment of the calves and below (141.70±1.14 mcg/ml) in the control group. The Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation ratio were not significantly affected by the addition of lactoferrin. There seen a significant difference (P<0.05) in the logarithm of E. coli bacteria in the feces of calves according to the treatment given.
This experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of the Research Station and Agricultural Experi... more This experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of the Research Station and Agricultural Experiments Center of the Agriculture College of Al-Muthanna University from 25.10.2017 to 5.12.2017. Determination of feed dilution using date palm seed powder at different ages on some productive and economic traits of broiler Ross308 was carried out in the Al-Muthanna province at year 2017. 240 one-day-old chickens were used for the analysis, randomly allocated to four feeds. They were restricted by date palm powder 20% *0 day (T1), 7-14 days (T2), 14-21 days (T3) and 21-28 days (T4)+. The results of the experiments showed that a significant increase (P≤0.05) in T2 was seen on the productive traits (weekly body weight, cumulative weight gain, feed conversion and production index), with a significant decrease (P≤0.05) on feed consumption compared with other treatments. Economic efficiency indicators showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in T2 on the net cash income, economic profit, net farm income, return on labor farm, total added value and profit margin. Analysis of cost items indicated that the feed costs were the largest about 51%, followed by the cost of broiler purchasing and transport which amounted to 21.5% and 10.3%, respectively.
This experiment was carried out at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to investiga... more This experiment was carried out at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to investigate the effect of Coriandrum sativum seeds powder on Awassi sheep diet. Body weight gain, inviter digestible co-efficient rumen fermentation and blood lipids were found out and analyzed. Sixteen Awassi ewes aged 3-4 months and weighed 17-20kg were used in the experiment. The experiment was carried out from 1.4.2017 to 4.6.2017. Ewes were randomly segregated into four groups where each group consisted of four ewes fed in the group feeding system. Two ration of concentration from 30% to roughage 70% and 70% concentration to 30% roughage with or without supplemented coriander 6 g/head/ day were used for the analysis. Results revealed non-significant differences in total and daily ewes weight increase when fed with 70-30 or 30-70 with or without coriander supplementation (3.95 and 3.38kg, and 0.088 and 0.061 g/day respectively). However, significant interaction (p<0.05) of ration ratio with coriander supplementation in daily weight increase was seen. No significant differences were noticed in in vitro digestion coefficient of dry and organic matter, stomach rumen fermentation, NH3-N and TVFA, while significant reduction (p<0.05) in pH when feeding with high level of roughage (30-70) with or without coriander addition, compared to 70-30 ration (pH=6.71 and 7.35 respectively). Nonsignificant differences were noticed in cholesterol, HDL, VLDL due to the ration ratio (30:70 and 70:30). Significant increases (P<0.01) in triglyceride lipids LDL (49.32, 57.17, 40.27 and 46.29 respectively) when low level of concentration was used coriander supplementation also resulted in significant decrease (P>0.01) in triglyceride lipid and LDL (49.88 and 40.40 respectively). Interaction of ration ratio and coriander supplementation was significant (P>0.05) in triglycerides and LDL (30) rations (PH=6.71 and 7.35 respectively). Nonsignificant differences were noticed in cholesterol, HDL, VLDL due to the ration ratio (30:70 and 70:30). Significant increase (P<0.01) in triglyceride lipids LDL was seen (49.32, 57.17, 40.27 and 46.29 respectively) when low level of concentration was used coriander supplementation also resulted in the significant decrease (P>0.01) in triglyceride lipid and LDL (49.88 and 40.40 respectively).
This research assessed different political parties' election manifestos for treatment of the envi... more This research assessed different political parties' election manifestos for treatment of the environmental issue. Textual analysis of party's manifesto was used to clarify each party position as well as to examine their comparative approach to address environment concerns of Pakistan. This research presents an analysis of the manifestos of eight major political parties of Pakistan. The manifestos of these parties expressed commitment and modus operandi to solve the problems of Pakistani people. Their voters have been directly affected by the negative environmental changes in the social, political and economic spheres. In this regard, this research argued that negative effects of environment become the most critical in deciding policies and planning for public welfare and development in political, social and economic spheres. The party that have been in power and parties that have not been in power but have significant following are collectively shaping governance that has been determined by environmental concerns of Pakistan. Unfortunately, the redressal of environmental issues has been commonly relegated to the bottom of priorities in the manifestos of the political parties of Pakistan. The political parties, instead of addressing the environmental concerns prioritized it with manipulation to grab power for the sake of enjoying it. The area that has been covered by forests has reduced to 24% from 50% (in 1940s). The wastage of natural resources especially water has resulted in drying of swamps and lakes (and general reduction of fresh water resources). Soil has become less fertile; the underground water has been receding, and the country has been becoming a desert.
The purpose of this study was to dig out the environmental governance problems with especial foc... more The purpose of this study was to dig out the environmental governance problems with especial focus on the association between health hazards faced by scavenger children and their quality of life. This study on poor health governance was conducted at four different areas of District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected from 196 respondents through simple random sampling. Association of variables were tested by using chi-square test. The association of scavengers' Quality of Life (QOL) was found significant with the collection of usable from burning dumps, collection of sharp edge items, flies and mosquitoes on dump, suffering from lungs problem, receiving of cuts while collecting usable, suffering from fever, body pain and visiting doctors for treatment. The key governance measures which included awareness of safety knowledge, providing protective equipment at the workplace, ensuring scavengers access to health facilities like hospital, doctors, and quality medicines by registering these scavengers and their regular medical checkup , training the scavenging children in adopting harm preventing measures and introduction of recycling industries. These suggestions have been put forward to the local, provincial and national government which are based on the results and analysis of the study.
Drying is an essential step in wood processing, it gives the characteristics necessary for ration... more Drying is an essential step in wood processing, it gives the characteristics necessary for rational and efficient use. It improves the dimensional stability, better mechanical properties, durability, bonding ability etc. To understand the mode of wood processing structures at Mbalmayo in particular and Cameroon in general, this study aimed to analyze the principle drying methodology used in the manufacture of objects of art and other furnishing products through the humidity of the wood used, existing materials and methods, conduction of dryness, the selection criteria and the influence of average life of dried essences. Also, this study is based on the data collected at the carpentry workshops gathered in the art wood craft shops at the town of Mbalmayo.
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin B12 and different cryopreservation tec... more This study was aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin B12 and different cryopreservation techniques on some Awassi ram sperm parameters and sperm mitochondrial apoptosis. Semen samples were collected form five Awassi rams, evaluated and pooled. Fresh semen was diluted with Tris extender containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4µg/ml and was cooled at 5°C and equilibrated for 2h. The obtained Semen was packed in 0.25ml cryovial. The results of this study showed that there were significant (P<0.05) increase of nitrogen vapour for a period of 10 min in the study characteristics of semen in comparison with 5min of the samples exposed to nitrogen vapour. The addition of low concentrations of vitamin B12 enhances the studied characteristics in comparison with the optimal and high concentrations of vitamin B12 (0, 2, 4µg). There seen a significant effect of interaction between the exposed samples to nitrogen vapour for a period of 10 min and at 0.5 and 1µg concentration of B12 in the studied characteristics. Use of 0.5 and 1µg of vitamin B12 with nitrogen vapour technique (10min) improves the sperm parameters post-thawing.
The main objective of this study is to assess the soil diversity, and temporal and spatial distri... more The main objective of this study is to assess the soil diversity, and temporal and spatial distribution of soil macro-arthropods, on different dayas in Algerian steppe. We have analyzed both Degraded Daya (DD) and Non Degraded Daya (NDD) (natural) with different soil physical and chemical characteristics. In our case, the main cause for degradation is the plowing and rainfed cropping. After two years (2012-2013), the results showed a degradation of the vegetation and deterioration of the soil environment during the degradation process with significant decreases in the vegetation cover, litter, clay and silt, soil organic carbon and soil. Also, soil degradation has adverse effects on the environment. Soil degradation results in a significant decrease in the richness and density of soil macro-arthropods and changes the seasonal distribution of the soil arthropod community. Desertification has greater effects on herbivores than on omnivores in the growth season and resulted in a significant change in the seasonal pattern of the trophic structure.
This experiment was designed to study the individual and synergic effect of fungal toxins (aflato... more This experiment was designed to study the individual and synergic effect of fungal toxins (aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A) on the productive, hematological and genetic parameters of the male broiler breeds ISA (Institute Selection Animal). A factorial experimental setup (2×2) was maintained where, aflatoxin B1 were at the concentration of 0 and 3μg/g diet and ochratoxin A were at the concentration of 0 and 5μg/g diet. The birds were reared from 1 day to 3 weeks old. Results showed that the individual effect of fungal toxins aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, have significantly reduced (P≤0.05) the body weight, the blood serum traits (proteins, albumin and cholesterol), and significantly (P≤0.05) increased mortality and relative weight of internal organs (liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, gizzard, heart and bursa). It also reduced alanine amino transferase enzymes (ALT) with an increase of uric acid concentration. Fungal toxins had a significant effect (P≤0.05) on cell division and different types of chromosomal aberrations. Fungal toxins synergic influence was more harmful on the traits studied.
A field experiment was carried out during the winter season (2016-2017) in Al-Rumaitha district ... more A field experiment was carried out during the winter season (2016-2017) in Al-Rumaitha district (43km northern Al-Samawa city, center of Al-Muthanna province) to evaluate the response bio fertilizer of R. leguminosarum (R 1 and R 2) and foliar application by vitamin B-complex 0, 20, 30mg/L on the growth and yield of bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Aquadulce). The experiment was setup using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates, the means were compared using LSD of each variety at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the experiment showed that the isolate R 1 was significant and superior than others in (dry weight of the shoot, number and size of the root nodes, number of pods, biological yield, total seed yield, and protein contain in the seeds reached (73.44 g, 8.41 nods, 0.73 cm 3 , 1.39t/ha, 5.15t/ha and 22.66% respectively). Treatment of 20mg vitamin B-complex/L was increased significantly on dry weight of shoot, number and size of root nodes, number of pods, biological yield, total seed yield, and protein contained in the seeds reached (71.81g, 7.78 nods, 0.71cm 3 , 16 pods, 1.34t/ha, 4.73t/ha and 22.57% respectively). The interaction of treatment R 1 with 20mg vitamin B-complex/L has increased significantly on the size of root node (0.78cm 3 /nod).
The present study was conducted to evaluate yield performance of cotton under various plant spaci... more The present study was conducted to evaluate yield performance of cotton under various plant spacing by keeping normal to maximum plant population under four sowing dates. FH-NOOR cotton variety was sown in triplicate split-plot design having a net plot size measuring 5.45×3.78m, while keeping sowing dates as main-plot and plant populations as sub-plots. The results indicated that there was a significance difference among sowing dates, plant spacing and interaction between sowing dates and spacing for round all studied traits of cotton. It was found that the higher performance of cotton genotype was recorded for 24 inch plant spacing and six inch plant spacing for most of the studied traits under early and late sowing dates as compared with intermediate sowing dates. The highest plant population was recorded under six inch plant spacing and second date of sowing. The good fibre quality was found under 18 to 24 inch plant spacing under intermediate sowing dates. It was concluded from our study that the sowing date and plant spacing affects cotton yield and quality of fibre, so there is a need to grow cotton plants under optimum agronomic practices.
In this study, the inhibition activity of Nigella Sativa oil extracted Clevenger apparatus by the... more In this study, the inhibition activity of Nigella Sativa oil extracted Clevenger apparatus by the process the hydro distillation was examined against seven species of pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella sp. Agar well diffusion method was used to estimate the inhibiting activity of the extracted oil. The results of this study revealed that the oil extracts of Nigella Sativa is good at inhibiting Grams negative and Gram positive bacteria. The highest inhibition percentage were at 50% concentrate of the oils extracted and showed 33.80, 33.94, 26.61, 25.32, 32.23, 23.32 and 32.37 % against Staphylococcus
A field experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of registered and unregistered herbicide... more A field experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of registered and unregistered herbicides in some broad bean (Vicia faba L.) growth traits. Four herbicides were used in this study: Illoxan (Diclofop - methyl) with two rates 0.88 and 1.76 kg a.i./ha, Basagran (bentazone) at 1.44 kg a.i./ha, Treflan (trifluralin) at 0.576 kg a.i./ha and TOPIK 15 wp (clodinafop-propargyl) at 0.12 kg a.i./ha as well as the control treatment (non-treated). Most of these herbicides showed a reduction of most of the parameters. Control treatment recorded a significant superior in leaf area, root size and top biomass weight which was 341 cm², 5.90 cm² and 2.46 gm respectively, while; TOPIK recorded the higher number of leaves (20.67) without significant differences as compared with control treatment. All herbicides revealed no differences between them in most parameters except Illoxan at 0.88 kg a.i./ha, which gave the best results in most plant growth traits while trifluralin gave higher degree of injury (2.33).
Industrial ecology is a hierarchy of production process which is designed for the material cycle ... more Industrial ecology is a hierarchy of production process which is designed for the material cycle accompanied with optimal raw material obtaining, production, consumption and final disposal aiming to minimize the environmental outcomes and waste. In an industrial process, making use of raw materials in process and changes on these materials along with waste disposal has different effects on the surrounding environment. These influences can directly be at first level on the region of environmental changes, microscale climate changes, lifecycle changes among organisms and plants as well as different soil, water, air pollutions and in the next level, indirect effects such as macroscale climate changes and local people’s lifestyle changes etc. But, industrial ecology can be used in industrial development in order to design industrial cycles such that industrial activities have the least influence on surrounding environment. Present article aims to design the Golistan Payvand factory. During the process some solutions were derived in order to improve the cement factory wastes management as well as consistency between cement industry and natural basin.
The present study aimed at showing the effect of using water extract of Nettle leaves (Urtica dio... more The present study aimed at showing the effect of using water extract of Nettle leaves (Urtica dioica) on some immunological and blood traits of broiler. 240 chicken broiler (Ross 308) were used at one day aged and 43 g mean weight. They were randomly distributed in four treatments with 60 chick per treatment having three replicates for each. Experimental treatments included: First treatment T1 Control treatment without any addition of plant extract, the other treatments (T2, T3 and T4) were added to the water extract of nettle leaves with three concentrations (10, 15, 20 ml/l) in the drinking water, respectively. The results of this study showed significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the immunological traits (Delayed Type Hypersensitivity test (DTH), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), relative weight of fabricia and fabricia index) and blood Traits (red blood cells, white blood cells, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration and Heterophil/ Lymphocyte ratio (H/L) for water extraction of the nettle leaf groups and compared with the control treatment.
The objectives of this study was to study the effect of lactoferrin (0, 3, and 6 g LF/day) added ... more The objectives of this study was to study the effect of lactoferrin (0, 3, and 6 g LF/day) added to colostrum and milk on the body weight and body measurements (wither height, body length, heart girth and body barrel) in 18 Holstein calves from the first day of birth to 60 days of age. The results showed that they were highly significant (P<0.01) in the average body weight of calves aged 30 and 60 days, for the calves fed 6 and 3 g of lactoferrin compared with the control calves (0 g of LF). The average weight gain was also affected (30 days old, and 30 to 60 days and from birth to 60 days) significantly (P<0.01) with the different lactoferrin levels. Achieved calves were fed with 6 g of lactoferrin and the next level calves were fed with 3 g of Lactoferrin and received best results with increased weight than the control calves. There seen a significant difference (P<0.05) in each of the wither height and body length in calves aged 30 and high significant (P<0.01) in 60 days depending on the treatment with lactoferrin, calves of the third treatments (6 g of LF) and the second (3 g of LF) highest rate of wither height and body length are compared with the control calves (0 g LF). The heart girth was also significantly affected (P<0.05) at the age of 30 days and high morale at 60 days, in both the ages results favoured the calves. In the two treatments viz., third (6 g of LF) and second (3 g of LF) compared with the control calves (0 g of LF), the variance in the body barrel was significantly higher at 30 and 60 days for calves fed on lactoferrin at 3 and 6 g/day. The study summarized that addition of lactoferrin protein in calves fed in early ages after birth had better performance in growth and dimensions of the body.
This study was carried out at the Al-Salam dairy farm, at Latifiya, 25 km south of Baghdad. The l... more This study was carried out at the Al-Salam dairy farm, at Latifiya, 25 km south of Baghdad. The laboratory experiments on blood analysis were conducted for a period from 3 September 2017 to 11 December 2017, for investigating the effect of adding different levels of lactoferrin (0, 3 and 6 g Lf/day) to colostrum and milk in immunity and a number of blood traits in 18 Holstein calves from birth to 60 days. The results of the study showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the concentration of IgG in calves' blood, with increased lactoferrin concentration level at the age of 30 days in calves' blood of the control group, second and third treatment, 10.13±0.52, 11.90±0.72 and 12.67±0.63 mg/m respectively. IgM and IgA concentrations were not affected by the treatments at the age of 30 days. At the age of 60 days, the differences were significant (P<0.05) in IgG and IgM for the third treatment calves (6 g Lf), then for the second treatment calves (3 g Lf), while the lowest concentrations for the control group. The results of the this study showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the transferrin concentration of the calves blood at 30 and 60 days for the control group (without Lf) compared with the calves of the second treatment groups and the third. The iron level in the blood at the age of 60 days were also significant (P<0.01), where the concentration increased by increasing the level of lactoferrin and reached maximum (140.00±0.67 mcg/ml) for the third treatment of the calves and below (141.70±1.14 mcg/ml) in the control group. The Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation ratio were not significantly affected by the addition of lactoferrin. There seen a significant difference (P<0.05) in the logarithm of E. coli bacteria in the feces of calves according to the treatment given.
This experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of the Research Station and Agricultural Experi... more This experiment was conducted in the poultry farm of the Research Station and Agricultural Experiments Center of the Agriculture College of Al-Muthanna University from 25.10.2017 to 5.12.2017. Determination of feed dilution using date palm seed powder at different ages on some productive and economic traits of broiler Ross308 was carried out in the Al-Muthanna province at year 2017. 240 one-day-old chickens were used for the analysis, randomly allocated to four feeds. They were restricted by date palm powder 20% *0 day (T1), 7-14 days (T2), 14-21 days (T3) and 21-28 days (T4)+. The results of the experiments showed that a significant increase (P≤0.05) in T2 was seen on the productive traits (weekly body weight, cumulative weight gain, feed conversion and production index), with a significant decrease (P≤0.05) on feed consumption compared with other treatments. Economic efficiency indicators showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in T2 on the net cash income, economic profit, net farm income, return on labor farm, total added value and profit margin. Analysis of cost items indicated that the feed costs were the largest about 51%, followed by the cost of broiler purchasing and transport which amounted to 21.5% and 10.3%, respectively.
This experiment was carried out at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to investiga... more This experiment was carried out at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to investigate the effect of Coriandrum sativum seeds powder on Awassi sheep diet. Body weight gain, inviter digestible co-efficient rumen fermentation and blood lipids were found out and analyzed. Sixteen Awassi ewes aged 3-4 months and weighed 17-20kg were used in the experiment. The experiment was carried out from 1.4.2017 to 4.6.2017. Ewes were randomly segregated into four groups where each group consisted of four ewes fed in the group feeding system. Two ration of concentration from 30% to roughage 70% and 70% concentration to 30% roughage with or without supplemented coriander 6 g/head/ day were used for the analysis. Results revealed non-significant differences in total and daily ewes weight increase when fed with 70-30 or 30-70 with or without coriander supplementation (3.95 and 3.38kg, and 0.088 and 0.061 g/day respectively). However, significant interaction (p<0.05) of ration ratio with coriander supplementation in daily weight increase was seen. No significant differences were noticed in in vitro digestion coefficient of dry and organic matter, stomach rumen fermentation, NH3-N and TVFA, while significant reduction (p<0.05) in pH when feeding with high level of roughage (30-70) with or without coriander addition, compared to 70-30 ration (pH=6.71 and 7.35 respectively). Nonsignificant differences were noticed in cholesterol, HDL, VLDL due to the ration ratio (30:70 and 70:30). Significant increases (P<0.01) in triglyceride lipids LDL (49.32, 57.17, 40.27 and 46.29 respectively) when low level of concentration was used coriander supplementation also resulted in significant decrease (P>0.01) in triglyceride lipid and LDL (49.88 and 40.40 respectively). Interaction of ration ratio and coriander supplementation was significant (P>0.05) in triglycerides and LDL (30) rations (PH=6.71 and 7.35 respectively). Nonsignificant differences were noticed in cholesterol, HDL, VLDL due to the ration ratio (30:70 and 70:30). Significant increase (P<0.01) in triglyceride lipids LDL was seen (49.32, 57.17, 40.27 and 46.29 respectively) when low level of concentration was used coriander supplementation also resulted in the significant decrease (P>0.01) in triglyceride lipid and LDL (49.88 and 40.40 respectively).
This research assessed different political parties' election manifestos for treatment of the envi... more This research assessed different political parties' election manifestos for treatment of the environmental issue. Textual analysis of party's manifesto was used to clarify each party position as well as to examine their comparative approach to address environment concerns of Pakistan. This research presents an analysis of the manifestos of eight major political parties of Pakistan. The manifestos of these parties expressed commitment and modus operandi to solve the problems of Pakistani people. Their voters have been directly affected by the negative environmental changes in the social, political and economic spheres. In this regard, this research argued that negative effects of environment become the most critical in deciding policies and planning for public welfare and development in political, social and economic spheres. The party that have been in power and parties that have not been in power but have significant following are collectively shaping governance that has been determined by environmental concerns of Pakistan. Unfortunately, the redressal of environmental issues has been commonly relegated to the bottom of priorities in the manifestos of the political parties of Pakistan. The political parties, instead of addressing the environmental concerns prioritized it with manipulation to grab power for the sake of enjoying it. The area that has been covered by forests has reduced to 24% from 50% (in 1940s). The wastage of natural resources especially water has resulted in drying of swamps and lakes (and general reduction of fresh water resources). Soil has become less fertile; the underground water has been receding, and the country has been becoming a desert.
The purpose of this study was to dig out the environmental governance problems with especial foc... more The purpose of this study was to dig out the environmental governance problems with especial focus on the association between health hazards faced by scavenger children and their quality of life. This study on poor health governance was conducted at four different areas of District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected from 196 respondents through simple random sampling. Association of variables were tested by using chi-square test. The association of scavengers' Quality of Life (QOL) was found significant with the collection of usable from burning dumps, collection of sharp edge items, flies and mosquitoes on dump, suffering from lungs problem, receiving of cuts while collecting usable, suffering from fever, body pain and visiting doctors for treatment. The key governance measures which included awareness of safety knowledge, providing protective equipment at the workplace, ensuring scavengers access to health facilities like hospital, doctors, and quality medicines by registering these scavengers and their regular medical checkup , training the scavenging children in adopting harm preventing measures and introduction of recycling industries. These suggestions have been put forward to the local, provincial and national government which are based on the results and analysis of the study.
Drying is an essential step in wood processing, it gives the characteristics necessary for ration... more Drying is an essential step in wood processing, it gives the characteristics necessary for rational and efficient use. It improves the dimensional stability, better mechanical properties, durability, bonding ability etc. To understand the mode of wood processing structures at Mbalmayo in particular and Cameroon in general, this study aimed to analyze the principle drying methodology used in the manufacture of objects of art and other furnishing products through the humidity of the wood used, existing materials and methods, conduction of dryness, the selection criteria and the influence of average life of dried essences. Also, this study is based on the data collected at the carpentry workshops gathered in the art wood craft shops at the town of Mbalmayo.
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin B12 and different cryopreservation tec... more This study was aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin B12 and different cryopreservation techniques on some Awassi ram sperm parameters and sperm mitochondrial apoptosis. Semen samples were collected form five Awassi rams, evaluated and pooled. Fresh semen was diluted with Tris extender containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4µg/ml and was cooled at 5°C and equilibrated for 2h. The obtained Semen was packed in 0.25ml cryovial. The results of this study showed that there were significant (P<0.05) increase of nitrogen vapour for a period of 10 min in the study characteristics of semen in comparison with 5min of the samples exposed to nitrogen vapour. The addition of low concentrations of vitamin B12 enhances the studied characteristics in comparison with the optimal and high concentrations of vitamin B12 (0, 2, 4µg). There seen a significant effect of interaction between the exposed samples to nitrogen vapour for a period of 10 min and at 0.5 and 1µg concentration of B12 in the studied characteristics. Use of 0.5 and 1µg of vitamin B12 with nitrogen vapour technique (10min) improves the sperm parameters post-thawing.
The main objective of this study is to assess the soil diversity, and temporal and spatial distri... more The main objective of this study is to assess the soil diversity, and temporal and spatial distribution of soil macro-arthropods, on different dayas in Algerian steppe. We have analyzed both Degraded Daya (DD) and Non Degraded Daya (NDD) (natural) with different soil physical and chemical characteristics. In our case, the main cause for degradation is the plowing and rainfed cropping. After two years (2012-2013), the results showed a degradation of the vegetation and deterioration of the soil environment during the degradation process with significant decreases in the vegetation cover, litter, clay and silt, soil organic carbon and soil. Also, soil degradation has adverse effects on the environment. Soil degradation results in a significant decrease in the richness and density of soil macro-arthropods and changes the seasonal distribution of the soil arthropod community. Desertification has greater effects on herbivores than on omnivores in the growth season and resulted in a significant change in the seasonal pattern of the trophic structure.
This experiment was designed to study the individual and synergic effect of fungal toxins (aflato... more This experiment was designed to study the individual and synergic effect of fungal toxins (aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A) on the productive, hematological and genetic parameters of the male broiler breeds ISA (Institute Selection Animal). A factorial experimental setup (2×2) was maintained where, aflatoxin B1 were at the concentration of 0 and 3μg/g diet and ochratoxin A were at the concentration of 0 and 5μg/g diet. The birds were reared from 1 day to 3 weeks old. Results showed that the individual effect of fungal toxins aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, have significantly reduced (P≤0.05) the body weight, the blood serum traits (proteins, albumin and cholesterol), and significantly (P≤0.05) increased mortality and relative weight of internal organs (liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, gizzard, heart and bursa). It also reduced alanine amino transferase enzymes (ALT) with an increase of uric acid concentration. Fungal toxins had a significant effect (P≤0.05) on cell division and different types of chromosomal aberrations. Fungal toxins synergic influence was more harmful on the traits studied.
A field experiment was carried out during the winter season (2016-2017) in Al-Rumaitha district ... more A field experiment was carried out during the winter season (2016-2017) in Al-Rumaitha district (43km northern Al-Samawa city, center of Al-Muthanna province) to evaluate the response bio fertilizer of R. leguminosarum (R 1 and R 2) and foliar application by vitamin B-complex 0, 20, 30mg/L on the growth and yield of bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Aquadulce). The experiment was setup using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates, the means were compared using LSD of each variety at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the experiment showed that the isolate R 1 was significant and superior than others in (dry weight of the shoot, number and size of the root nodes, number of pods, biological yield, total seed yield, and protein contain in the seeds reached (73.44 g, 8.41 nods, 0.73 cm 3 , 1.39t/ha, 5.15t/ha and 22.66% respectively). Treatment of 20mg vitamin B-complex/L was increased significantly on dry weight of shoot, number and size of root nodes, number of pods, biological yield, total seed yield, and protein contained in the seeds reached (71.81g, 7.78 nods, 0.71cm 3 , 16 pods, 1.34t/ha, 4.73t/ha and 22.57% respectively). The interaction of treatment R 1 with 20mg vitamin B-complex/L has increased significantly on the size of root node (0.78cm 3 /nod).
The present study was conducted to evaluate yield performance of cotton under various plant spaci... more The present study was conducted to evaluate yield performance of cotton under various plant spacing by keeping normal to maximum plant population under four sowing dates. FH-NOOR cotton variety was sown in triplicate split-plot design having a net plot size measuring 5.45×3.78m, while keeping sowing dates as main-plot and plant populations as sub-plots. The results indicated that there was a significance difference among sowing dates, plant spacing and interaction between sowing dates and spacing for round all studied traits of cotton. It was found that the higher performance of cotton genotype was recorded for 24 inch plant spacing and six inch plant spacing for most of the studied traits under early and late sowing dates as compared with intermediate sowing dates. The highest plant population was recorded under six inch plant spacing and second date of sowing. The good fibre quality was found under 18 to 24 inch plant spacing under intermediate sowing dates. It was concluded from our study that the sowing date and plant spacing affects cotton yield and quality of fibre, so there is a need to grow cotton plants under optimum agronomic practices.
In this study, the inhibition activity of Nigella Sativa oil extracted Clevenger apparatus by the... more In this study, the inhibition activity of Nigella Sativa oil extracted Clevenger apparatus by the process the hydro distillation was examined against seven species of pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella sp. Agar well diffusion method was used to estimate the inhibiting activity of the extracted oil. The results of this study revealed that the oil extracts of Nigella Sativa is good at inhibiting Grams negative and Gram positive bacteria. The highest inhibition percentage were at 50% concentrate of the oils extracted and showed 33.80, 33.94, 26.61, 25.32, 32.23, 23.32 and 32.37 % against Staphylococcus
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were used in the experiment. The experiment was carried out from 1.4.2017 to 4.6.2017. Ewes were randomly segregated into four groups where each group consisted of four ewes fed in the group feeding system. Two ration of concentration from 30% to roughage 70%
and 70% concentration to 30% roughage with or without supplemented coriander 6 g/head/ day were used for the analysis. Results revealed non-significant differences in total and daily ewes weight increase when fed with 70-30 or 30-70 with or without coriander
supplementation (3.95 and 3.38kg, and 0.088 and 0.061 g/day respectively). However, significant interaction (p<0.05) of ration ratio with coriander supplementation in daily weight increase was seen. No significant differences were noticed in in vitro digestion
coefficient of dry and organic matter, stomach rumen fermentation, NH3-N and TVFA, while significant reduction (p<0.05) in pH when feeding with high level of roughage (30-70) with or without coriander addition, compared to 70-30 ration (pH=6.71 and 7.35 respectively). Nonsignificant differences were noticed in cholesterol, HDL, VLDL due to the ration ratio (30:70 and 70:30). Significant increases (P<0.01) in triglyceride lipids LDL (49.32, 57.17, 40.27 and 46.29 respectively) when low level of concentration was used coriander supplementation
also resulted in significant decrease (P>0.01) in triglyceride lipid and LDL (49.88 and 40.40
respectively). Interaction of ration ratio and coriander supplementation was significant
(P>0.05) in triglycerides and LDL (30) rations (PH=6.71 and 7.35 respectively). Nonsignificant
differences were noticed in cholesterol, HDL, VLDL due to the ration ratio (30:70
and 70:30). Significant increase (P<0.01) in triglyceride lipids LDL was seen (49.32, 57.17,
40.27 and 46.29 respectively) when low level of concentration was used coriander
supplementation also resulted in the significant decrease (P>0.01) in triglyceride lipid and
LDL (49.88 and 40.40 respectively).
were used in the experiment. The experiment was carried out from 1.4.2017 to 4.6.2017. Ewes were randomly segregated into four groups where each group consisted of four ewes fed in the group feeding system. Two ration of concentration from 30% to roughage 70%
and 70% concentration to 30% roughage with or without supplemented coriander 6 g/head/ day were used for the analysis. Results revealed non-significant differences in total and daily ewes weight increase when fed with 70-30 or 30-70 with or without coriander
supplementation (3.95 and 3.38kg, and 0.088 and 0.061 g/day respectively). However, significant interaction (p<0.05) of ration ratio with coriander supplementation in daily weight increase was seen. No significant differences were noticed in in vitro digestion
coefficient of dry and organic matter, stomach rumen fermentation, NH3-N and TVFA, while significant reduction (p<0.05) in pH when feeding with high level of roughage (30-70) with or without coriander addition, compared to 70-30 ration (pH=6.71 and 7.35 respectively). Nonsignificant differences were noticed in cholesterol, HDL, VLDL due to the ration ratio (30:70 and 70:30). Significant increases (P<0.01) in triglyceride lipids LDL (49.32, 57.17, 40.27 and 46.29 respectively) when low level of concentration was used coriander supplementation
also resulted in significant decrease (P>0.01) in triglyceride lipid and LDL (49.88 and 40.40
respectively). Interaction of ration ratio and coriander supplementation was significant
(P>0.05) in triglycerides and LDL (30) rations (PH=6.71 and 7.35 respectively). Nonsignificant
differences were noticed in cholesterol, HDL, VLDL due to the ration ratio (30:70
and 70:30). Significant increase (P<0.01) in triglyceride lipids LDL was seen (49.32, 57.17,
40.27 and 46.29 respectively) when low level of concentration was used coriander
supplementation also resulted in the significant decrease (P>0.01) in triglyceride lipid and
LDL (49.88 and 40.40 respectively).