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The process of ammonia production from N2 and H2 with recycling of unreacted materials is investi... more The process of ammonia production from N2 and H2 with recycling of unreacted materials is investigated. The process is examined at relatively low pressure (48 bar) and temperature (190°C). CSTR isothermally runs under equilibrium condition. With recycling, it was found that a liquid product of NH3 with a purity of 99.3 wt. % was achieved. The waste is minimized with potential use as a fuel. Aspen process economic analysis was also carried out. It was found that such an investment project is profitable with a payout (payback) period of 4.2 years and modified internal rate of return (MIRR) of 21.5 %. The total capital cost was found to be $ 10,300,600 and the total operating cost to be $ 15,439,500/year for an annual production of ammonia of 30,046 tonne/year.
Tehineh (semi solid paste) is a local food in the Middle East, which is produced from dehulled se... more Tehineh (semi solid paste) is a local food in the Middle East, which is produced from dehulled sesame seeds. A major concern facing the tehineh industry is the production and maintenance of the product while preserving the proper consistency, stability, color, and texture properties. In this study, the flow curves and time-dependent flow properties of tehineh were assessed at different temperatures. It was found that tehineh behaves as non-Newtonian pseudo-plastic foodstuff. The power-law model was found to be the most appropriate to fit the flow curves of tehineh. Both in the forward- (increasing shear rate) and backward-measurements (decreasing shear rate), the consistency coefficient, m , significantly decreases with temperature, while the flow behavior index, n , slightly increases with temperature. As far as the effect of steady shearing on the flow properties of tehineh is concerned, two models were used to predict the flow behavior, namely; the first-order shear stress decay ...
Mass & heat transfer are fundamental topics in chemical engineering education. One of the concept... more Mass & heat transfer are fundamental topics in chemical engineering education. One of the concepts, which appears in such courses, is the semi-infinite medium. In this short communication, the concept of semi-infinite medium is exemplified here. The concept is first introduced and simplified prior to rigorous mathematical handling. Although the semi-infinite medium may appear to be a purely academic construct, it has a number of practical applications; heat insulation and water-proof materials are just examples where the engineer may apply the condition of semi-infinite to a medium of finite thickness.
International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review, 2021
As we all live in the digital era, characterized by a continuous change in terms of content of an... more As we all live in the digital era, characterized by a continuous change in terms of content of and volume of accessible knowledge, it is time to reflect on and ponder over the overwhelming, multidisciplinary knowledge and the domain-specific knowledge. It is time to search for natural intelligence. The rhythm of knowledge acquisition does not cope with the mushroom-type of knowledge explosion. Explaining how powerful the human brain is in terms of its memory capacity, educators can nurture on this privilege and utilize it to the maximum in terms of building the virtual being either for a specific domain or for a multidisciplinary type of domain such a beginner can be prepared from zero, ground level up to a fully functional expert in the specified domain. Intuitively, this also requires a fully functional and well-prepared instructor to disseminate at least the skeletal knowledge so that the learner can later wrap the skeleton with the additional beef of knowledge to end up with a wholesome and healthy wellbeing.
International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review, 2021
As we all live in the digital era, characterized by a continuous change in terms of content of an... more As we all live in the digital era, characterized by a continuous change in terms of content of and volume of accessible knowledge, it is time to reflect on and ponder over the overwhelming, multidisciplinary knowledge and the domain-specific knowledge. It is time to search for natural intelligence. The rhythm of knowledge acquisition does not cope with the mushroom-type of knowledge explosion. Explaining how powerful the human brain is in terms of its memory capacity, educators can nurture on this privilege and utilize it to the maximum in terms of building the virtual being either for a specific domain or for a multidisciplinary type of domain such a beginner can be prepared from zero, ground level up to a fully functional expert in the specified domain. Intuitively, this also requires a fully functional and wellprepared instructor to disseminate at least the skeletal knowledge so that the learner can later wrap the skeleton with the additional beef of knowledge to end up with a wholesome and healthy wellbeing.
Rheological properties of carbomer solutions were investigated as a function of carbomer concentr... more Rheological properties of carbomer solutions were investigated as a function of carbomer concentration. Carbomer is an emulsion stabilizer. The shear stress was measured as a function of shear rate and shearing time. Both dynamic and static yield stress, τo, values were also measured. It was found that below 0.45 wt% of carbomer content, carbomer dispersion behave as a Newtonian fluid, whereas at or above 0.45 wt%, the dispersions exhibit a shear- thinning and rheopectic behaviour. The yield stress results are in harmony with the shear stress- rate experiments that below 0.45 wt%, a zero-yield stress value was reported and a non-zero value at or above that point.
The aqueous solubility of a diatomic molecule as a function of its size & electronegativity diffe... more The aqueous solubility of a diatomic molecule as a function of its size & electronegativity difference is investigated. The electronegativity of a diatomic molecule will be calculated using five different electronegativity scales, namely, Pauling [1], Allred-Rochow [2], Mulliken [3, 4], Parr-Yang [5], and Sanderson [6, 7]. It is hypothesized here that at a given pH, temperature, and pressure, the solubility
Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical enginee... more Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical engineering educators. The dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates f...
Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical enginee... more Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical engineering educators. The dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates f...
Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical enginee... more Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical engineering educators. The dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates from well-irrigated roots. On the one hand, we need to contemplate about our ancestors in terms of re-visiting fundamental science topics. On the other hand, we need to stay updated amid “continuously changing” learning and teaching environment as far as the latest pedagogical findings, domain knowledge, technology for teaching (i.e., means of dissemination and communication), web-based online resources, lab equipment and tools, relevant software, computational techniques, and programing languages are concerned. Topics like public awareness, soft skill, and innovation and entrepreneurship were also highlighted.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical & Clinical Research, 2020
Objective: The objective of the study is to optimize the solubility of a drug or a drug-like mole... more Objective: The objective of the study is to optimize the solubility of a drug or a drug-like molecule using Aspen Plus simulation platform. Aspirin (solute) was taken as the second case study. The following solvents were used in our dry (virtual) laboratory experiment: Water, acetone, ethanol, and ethylene-glycol-mono-propyl-ether (PROPGLYC). Methods: A simplified process flow sheet made of a single mixing tank where it has five feed streams, representing the solute, the water, and the set of three organic solvents, and one product stream where aspirin is either solubilized (liquid solution) or remains as solid crystal. Minimization of the molar Gibbs free energy of mixing, ∆G mix , was used as an objective function from an optimization point of view. The Non-random Two-liquid property method was used to analyze the solution properties. Results: Using the molar Gibbs free energy of mixing, ∆G mix , as a criterion of solution thermodynamic stability, it was found that the most stable solution is the quinary mixture made of 24.42% aspirin, 10.22% water, 21.08% acetone, 19.51% ethanol, and 24.77 mole % PROPGLYC. Conclusions: Exploiting Aspen Plus can be extended to handle the solubility of a new drug-like molecule once it is defined within its molecular editor with a little knowledge such as density and/or melting point.
MATLAB MACHINE LEARNING & CURVE-FITTING TOOLBOX: PREDICTION OF DRUG AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY
The prediction of aqueous solubility of a set of 246 drug molecules with a broad range, varying f... more The prediction of aqueous solubility of a set of 246 drug molecules with a broad range, varying from 120 up to 8,330 mg/L, as a function of pertinent molecular properties was examined. MATLAB® Machine Learning (ML) and Optimization Toolbox were used in the data analysis. Both the supervised and supervised learning techniques were used to analyze such highly scattered date, like aqueous solubility of organic drug molecules. The exotic features of machine learning algorithms were shown in the form of figures, pertinent to the selection process of predictor variables. It was found that the drug aqueous solubility data could be best described by the first three important molecular properties: the non-polar molecular mass, MWNPOL, the non-polar molar volume, NPolVol, and the polar fraction of a molecule, PolFrac, as the third refining or tuning-up factor (weight parameter in curve fitting). The polarity index was evaluated based on the atomic mole-fraction of polar atoms, namely, F, O, N, Cl, and Br because such atoms have relatively higher electronegativity values than those of C, H, I, P, and S atoms. The percent relative error (PRE) was also calculated for each individual drug molecule using models based on MWNPOl, NPolVol, and PolFrac, while assuming that the true value of solubility is the experimentally measured and reported value. It was found that the three models overestimated the aqueous solubility of less soluble materials; specifically, below 200 mg/L. Finally, the entropically driven hydrophobic interactions, manifested via MWNPOL, were found to act as anti-solvation factor.
The process of ammonia production from N2 and H2 with recycling of unreacted materials is investi... more The process of ammonia production from N2 and H2 with recycling of unreacted materials is investigated. The process is examined at relatively low pressure (48 bar) and temperature (190°C). CSTR isothermally runs under equilibrium condition. With recycling, it was found that a liquid product of NH3 with a purity of 99.3 wt. % was achieved. The waste is minimized with potential use as a fuel. Aspen process economic analysis was also carried out. It was found that such an investment project is profitable with a payout (payback) period of 4.2 years and modified internal rate of return (MIRR) of 21.5 %. The total capital cost was found to be $ 10,300,600 and the total operating cost to be $ 15,439,500/year for an annual production of ammonia of 30,046 tonne/year.
Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical enginee... more Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical engineering educators. The dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates from well-irrigated roots. On the one hand, we need to contemplate about our ancestors in terms of re-visiting fundamental science topics. On the other hand, we need to stay updated amid “continuously changing” learning and teaching environment as far as the latest pedagogical findings, domain knowledge, technology for teaching (i.e., means of dissemination and communication), web-based online resources, lab equipment and tools, relevant software, computational techniques, and programing languages are concerned. Topics like public awareness, soft skill, and innovation and entrepreneurship were also highlighted.
In this short communication, two methods were shown for evaluating the homo-polymer number-averag... more In this short communication, two methods were shown for evaluating the homo-polymer number-average molecular weight (MWN), weight-average molecular weight (MWW), and poly dispersity index (PDI). The goal is to exemplify the cumbersome mathematical portray which heavily relies on the zeroth, first, and second moment frequency distribution of homo-polymer chains in a typical chain reaction and transform the portray into a more simplified version that simply relies on statistical parameters, namely, the mean and variance of a sample.
The process of ammonia production from N2 and H2 with recycling of unreacted materials is investi... more The process of ammonia production from N2 and H2 with recycling of unreacted materials is investigated. The process is examined at relatively low pressure (48 bar) and temperature (190°C). CSTR isothermally runs under equilibrium condition. With recycling, it was found that a liquid product of NH3 with a purity of 99.3 wt. % was achieved. The waste is minimized with potential use as a fuel. Aspen process economic analysis was also carried out. It was found that such an investment project is profitable with a payout (payback) period of 4.2 years and modified internal rate of return (MIRR) of 21.5 %. The total capital cost was found to be $ 10,300,600 and the total operating cost to be $ 15,439,500/year for an annual production of ammonia of 30,046 tonne/year.
Tehineh (semi solid paste) is a local food in the Middle East, which is produced from dehulled se... more Tehineh (semi solid paste) is a local food in the Middle East, which is produced from dehulled sesame seeds. A major concern facing the tehineh industry is the production and maintenance of the product while preserving the proper consistency, stability, color, and texture properties. In this study, the flow curves and time-dependent flow properties of tehineh were assessed at different temperatures. It was found that tehineh behaves as non-Newtonian pseudo-plastic foodstuff. The power-law model was found to be the most appropriate to fit the flow curves of tehineh. Both in the forward- (increasing shear rate) and backward-measurements (decreasing shear rate), the consistency coefficient, m , significantly decreases with temperature, while the flow behavior index, n , slightly increases with temperature. As far as the effect of steady shearing on the flow properties of tehineh is concerned, two models were used to predict the flow behavior, namely; the first-order shear stress decay ...
Mass & heat transfer are fundamental topics in chemical engineering education. One of the concept... more Mass & heat transfer are fundamental topics in chemical engineering education. One of the concepts, which appears in such courses, is the semi-infinite medium. In this short communication, the concept of semi-infinite medium is exemplified here. The concept is first introduced and simplified prior to rigorous mathematical handling. Although the semi-infinite medium may appear to be a purely academic construct, it has a number of practical applications; heat insulation and water-proof materials are just examples where the engineer may apply the condition of semi-infinite to a medium of finite thickness.
International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review, 2021
As we all live in the digital era, characterized by a continuous change in terms of content of an... more As we all live in the digital era, characterized by a continuous change in terms of content of and volume of accessible knowledge, it is time to reflect on and ponder over the overwhelming, multidisciplinary knowledge and the domain-specific knowledge. It is time to search for natural intelligence. The rhythm of knowledge acquisition does not cope with the mushroom-type of knowledge explosion. Explaining how powerful the human brain is in terms of its memory capacity, educators can nurture on this privilege and utilize it to the maximum in terms of building the virtual being either for a specific domain or for a multidisciplinary type of domain such a beginner can be prepared from zero, ground level up to a fully functional expert in the specified domain. Intuitively, this also requires a fully functional and well-prepared instructor to disseminate at least the skeletal knowledge so that the learner can later wrap the skeleton with the additional beef of knowledge to end up with a wholesome and healthy wellbeing.
International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review, 2021
As we all live in the digital era, characterized by a continuous change in terms of content of an... more As we all live in the digital era, characterized by a continuous change in terms of content of and volume of accessible knowledge, it is time to reflect on and ponder over the overwhelming, multidisciplinary knowledge and the domain-specific knowledge. It is time to search for natural intelligence. The rhythm of knowledge acquisition does not cope with the mushroom-type of knowledge explosion. Explaining how powerful the human brain is in terms of its memory capacity, educators can nurture on this privilege and utilize it to the maximum in terms of building the virtual being either for a specific domain or for a multidisciplinary type of domain such a beginner can be prepared from zero, ground level up to a fully functional expert in the specified domain. Intuitively, this also requires a fully functional and wellprepared instructor to disseminate at least the skeletal knowledge so that the learner can later wrap the skeleton with the additional beef of knowledge to end up with a wholesome and healthy wellbeing.
Rheological properties of carbomer solutions were investigated as a function of carbomer concentr... more Rheological properties of carbomer solutions were investigated as a function of carbomer concentration. Carbomer is an emulsion stabilizer. The shear stress was measured as a function of shear rate and shearing time. Both dynamic and static yield stress, τo, values were also measured. It was found that below 0.45 wt% of carbomer content, carbomer dispersion behave as a Newtonian fluid, whereas at or above 0.45 wt%, the dispersions exhibit a shear- thinning and rheopectic behaviour. The yield stress results are in harmony with the shear stress- rate experiments that below 0.45 wt%, a zero-yield stress value was reported and a non-zero value at or above that point.
The aqueous solubility of a diatomic molecule as a function of its size & electronegativity diffe... more The aqueous solubility of a diatomic molecule as a function of its size & electronegativity difference is investigated. The electronegativity of a diatomic molecule will be calculated using five different electronegativity scales, namely, Pauling [1], Allred-Rochow [2], Mulliken [3, 4], Parr-Yang [5], and Sanderson [6, 7]. It is hypothesized here that at a given pH, temperature, and pressure, the solubility
Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical enginee... more Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical engineering educators. The dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates f...
Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical enginee... more Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical engineering educators. The dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates f...
Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical enginee... more Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical engineering educators. The dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates from well-irrigated roots. On the one hand, we need to contemplate about our ancestors in terms of re-visiting fundamental science topics. On the other hand, we need to stay updated amid “continuously changing” learning and teaching environment as far as the latest pedagogical findings, domain knowledge, technology for teaching (i.e., means of dissemination and communication), web-based online resources, lab equipment and tools, relevant software, computational techniques, and programing languages are concerned. Topics like public awareness, soft skill, and innovation and entrepreneurship were also highlighted.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical & Clinical Research, 2020
Objective: The objective of the study is to optimize the solubility of a drug or a drug-like mole... more Objective: The objective of the study is to optimize the solubility of a drug or a drug-like molecule using Aspen Plus simulation platform. Aspirin (solute) was taken as the second case study. The following solvents were used in our dry (virtual) laboratory experiment: Water, acetone, ethanol, and ethylene-glycol-mono-propyl-ether (PROPGLYC). Methods: A simplified process flow sheet made of a single mixing tank where it has five feed streams, representing the solute, the water, and the set of three organic solvents, and one product stream where aspirin is either solubilized (liquid solution) or remains as solid crystal. Minimization of the molar Gibbs free energy of mixing, ∆G mix , was used as an objective function from an optimization point of view. The Non-random Two-liquid property method was used to analyze the solution properties. Results: Using the molar Gibbs free energy of mixing, ∆G mix , as a criterion of solution thermodynamic stability, it was found that the most stable solution is the quinary mixture made of 24.42% aspirin, 10.22% water, 21.08% acetone, 19.51% ethanol, and 24.77 mole % PROPGLYC. Conclusions: Exploiting Aspen Plus can be extended to handle the solubility of a new drug-like molecule once it is defined within its molecular editor with a little knowledge such as density and/or melting point.
MATLAB MACHINE LEARNING & CURVE-FITTING TOOLBOX: PREDICTION OF DRUG AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY
The prediction of aqueous solubility of a set of 246 drug molecules with a broad range, varying f... more The prediction of aqueous solubility of a set of 246 drug molecules with a broad range, varying from 120 up to 8,330 mg/L, as a function of pertinent molecular properties was examined. MATLAB® Machine Learning (ML) and Optimization Toolbox were used in the data analysis. Both the supervised and supervised learning techniques were used to analyze such highly scattered date, like aqueous solubility of organic drug molecules. The exotic features of machine learning algorithms were shown in the form of figures, pertinent to the selection process of predictor variables. It was found that the drug aqueous solubility data could be best described by the first three important molecular properties: the non-polar molecular mass, MWNPOL, the non-polar molar volume, NPolVol, and the polar fraction of a molecule, PolFrac, as the third refining or tuning-up factor (weight parameter in curve fitting). The polarity index was evaluated based on the atomic mole-fraction of polar atoms, namely, F, O, N, Cl, and Br because such atoms have relatively higher electronegativity values than those of C, H, I, P, and S atoms. The percent relative error (PRE) was also calculated for each individual drug molecule using models based on MWNPOl, NPolVol, and PolFrac, while assuming that the true value of solubility is the experimentally measured and reported value. It was found that the three models overestimated the aqueous solubility of less soluble materials; specifically, below 200 mg/L. Finally, the entropically driven hydrophobic interactions, manifested via MWNPOL, were found to act as anti-solvation factor.
The process of ammonia production from N2 and H2 with recycling of unreacted materials is investi... more The process of ammonia production from N2 and H2 with recycling of unreacted materials is investigated. The process is examined at relatively low pressure (48 bar) and temperature (190°C). CSTR isothermally runs under equilibrium condition. With recycling, it was found that a liquid product of NH3 with a purity of 99.3 wt. % was achieved. The waste is minimized with potential use as a fuel. Aspen process economic analysis was also carried out. It was found that such an investment project is profitable with a payout (payback) period of 4.2 years and modified internal rate of return (MIRR) of 21.5 %. The total capital cost was found to be $ 10,300,600 and the total operating cost to be $ 15,439,500/year for an annual production of ammonia of 30,046 tonne/year.
Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical enginee... more Chemical Engineering education faces new challenges that need to be addressed by chemical engineering educators. The dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates from well-irrigated roots. On the one hand, we need to contemplate about our ancestors in terms of re-visiting fundamental science topics. On the other hand, we need to stay updated amid “continuously changing” learning and teaching environment as far as the latest pedagogical findings, domain knowledge, technology for teaching (i.e., means of dissemination and communication), web-based online resources, lab equipment and tools, relevant software, computational techniques, and programing languages are concerned. Topics like public awareness, soft skill, and innovation and entrepreneurship were also highlighted.
In this short communication, two methods were shown for evaluating the homo-polymer number-averag... more In this short communication, two methods were shown for evaluating the homo-polymer number-average molecular weight (MWN), weight-average molecular weight (MWW), and poly dispersity index (PDI). The goal is to exemplify the cumbersome mathematical portray which heavily relies on the zeroth, first, and second moment frequency distribution of homo-polymer chains in a typical chain reaction and transform the portray into a more simplified version that simply relies on statistical parameters, namely, the mean and variance of a sample.
Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 10, 2021
Four hundred and seventy (470) hydrocarbons (CnHm) were utilized to fit their critical temperatur... more Four hundred and seventy (470) hydrocarbons (CnHm) were utilized to fit their critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc) as functions of molecular weight and carbon atomic fraction. The proposed model is of the form: Tc=a*(Cfrac)b*(MW)c and Pc= a*(Cfrac)1/3+b*(MW)1/3+c where a, b, and c are the non-linear regressed parameters for the given model; Cfrac is the carbon atomic fraction in a molecule, which is equal to n/(n+m) for a hydrocarbon compound; and MW is the molecular weight, which is calculated as (12n + m). The model was found to predict both Tc and Pc with an adequate accuracy, manifested via the associated percent relative error (PRE) of the curve-fitted Tc and Pc. Out of the examined 470 hydrocarbons, low MW compounds were found to have PRE values higher than 10% for the predicted Tc values. On the other hand, for Pc prediction, higher PRE values were found for higher molecular weight compounds, with C26 and above.
Although the proposed model does not strictly differentiate among isomers having the same molecular weight and chemical formula, nevertheless, the difference in Tc and Pc among isomers is not significant to be picked up by a simple, straight forward model. A more rigorous model will work hard to offset such small differences in Tc and Pc among isomers, nevertheless, at the expense of model simplicity.
Overview A practical, professional guide to MATLAB computational techniques and engineering appli... more Overview A practical, professional guide to MATLAB computational techniques and engineering applications MATLAB Numerical Methods with Chemical Engineering Applications shows you, step by step, how to use MATLAB to model and simulate physical problems in the chemical engineering realm. Written for MATLAB 7.11, this hands-on resource contains concise explanations of essential MATLAB commands, as well as easy-to-follow instructions for using the programming features, graphical capabilities, and desktop interface. Every step needed toward the final solution is algorithmically explained via snapshots of the MATLAB platform in parallel with the text. End-of-chapter problems help you practice what you've learned. Master this powerful computational tool using this detailed, self-teaching guide.
https://www.amazon.com/Aspen-Plus-Chemical-Engineering-Applications/dp/1119131235
Facilitates the... more https://www.amazon.com/Aspen-Plus-Chemical-Engineering-Applications/dp/1119131235 Facilitates the process of learning and later mastering Aspen Plus® with step by step examples and succinct explanations Step-by-step textbook for identifying solutions to various process engineering problems via screenshots of the Aspen Plus® platforms in parallel with the related text Includes end-of-chapter problems and term project problems Includes online exam and quiz problems for instructors that are parametrized (i.e., adjustable) so that each student will have a standalone version Includes extra online material for students such as Aspen Plus®-related files that are used in the working tutorials throughout the entire textbook
A predictive model was developed to describe apparent
protein adsorption equilibrium at solid-wat... more A predictive model was developed to describe apparent protein adsorption equilibrium at solid-water interfaces. Dimensional analysis was used to express adsorbed mass in terms of the following macroscopic properties: the partial molar area occupied by protein at the interface, AP; the work of adhesion per unit area, W,; the minimum surface area cleared by an adsorbing protein, Ac; the Gibbs free energy of unfolding, AGm"; the partial molar volume of protein in solution, Vp; and the apparent equilibrium concentration, C. Considering only adsorption at hydrophobic interfaces in the absence of specific electrostatic effects and biochemical interactions, an adsorption mechanism was constructed to visualize protein adsorption equilibrium. The proposed mechanism consists of two steps, the first being reversible arrival of the native protein molecule to the interface. The second step is unfolding of the adsorbed molecule. Arrangement of dimensionless groups comprised of the factors enumerated above was then performed with reference to the proposed mechanism. The model was then tested using experimentally measured isotherms for a number of proteins. A general agreement in adsorbed mass was found between the model and the experiments, indicating that at hydrophobic surfaces AGmud and 147Ac play a major role in governing the course of adsorption. Also the plateau value of adsorbed mass, r was found to be directly related to A. It was , found, however, that at hydrophobic, low-energy solid-water interfaces, protein adsorption equilibrium can be represented by a one-step mechanism for modeling purposes if equilibrium spreading pressure measurements are used to estimate protein molecule interfacial energy. The model was applied to both simple, single domain globular proteins as well as to proteins of more complex structure. Concerning multi-domain proteins, the most thermolabile domain was observed to play the major role in initial events contributing to surface-induced unfolding. All parameters but Ac served as input to the model; computer-generated values of Ac obtained from simulation varied within an order of magnitude (about 100 to 400 A2 /molecule), indicating that only a small portion of the protein molecule need enter the interface in order for adsorption to proceed. For single-domain proteins, variations in Ac can be related to particular properties of the protein, such as molecular weight and flexibility.
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Papers by Kamal Al-Malah
dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community
sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new
pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education
does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest
critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in
height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be
tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates from well-irrigated roots. On the one
hand, we need to contemplate about our ancestors in terms of re-visiting fundamental science topics. On the other hand, we need
to stay updated amid “continuously changing” learning and teaching environment as far as the latest pedagogical findings, domain
knowledge, technology for teaching (i.e., means of dissemination and communication), web-based online resources, lab equipment
and tools, relevant software, computational techniques, and programing languages are concerned. Topics like public awareness, soft
skill, and innovation and entrepreneurship were also highlighted.
dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community
sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new
pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education
does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest
critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in
height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be
tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates from well-irrigated roots. On the one
hand, we need to contemplate about our ancestors in terms of re-visiting fundamental science topics. On the other hand, we need
to stay updated amid “continuously changing” learning and teaching environment as far as the latest pedagogical findings, domain
knowledge, technology for teaching (i.e., means of dissemination and communication), web-based online resources, lab equipment
and tools, relevant software, computational techniques, and programing languages are concerned. Topics like public awareness, soft
skill, and innovation and entrepreneurship were also highlighted.
dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community
sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new
pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education
does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest
critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in
height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be
tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates from well-irrigated roots. On the one
hand, we need to contemplate about our ancestors in terms of re-visiting fundamental science topics. On the other hand, we need
to stay updated amid “continuously changing” learning and teaching environment as far as the latest pedagogical findings, domain
knowledge, technology for teaching (i.e., means of dissemination and communication), web-based online resources, lab equipment
and tools, relevant software, computational techniques, and programing languages are concerned. Topics like public awareness, soft
skill, and innovation and entrepreneurship were also highlighted.
dynamically changing learning environment and that of teaching require the teacher to relax and contemplate. Among all community
sectors, educators must be number one in sniffing the smell of change, be willing to adapt, and later be capable to adopt new
pedagogical findings, methods and techniques, and means. In brief, the notion of revolutionizing chemical engineering education
does not necessarily mean that we should ignore the pillars of it. On the contrary, we should expand in a way to also tackle the latest
critical socio-technical issues both on the stem (roots) and branches level. The tree of chemical engineering education has to grow in
height (chance to explore new areas and also see the sun) above the ground and have more branches (industrial applications to be
tailored to chemical engineering), as well. A strong tree with green leaves and fruits emanates from well-irrigated roots. On the one
hand, we need to contemplate about our ancestors in terms of re-visiting fundamental science topics. On the other hand, we need
to stay updated amid “continuously changing” learning and teaching environment as far as the latest pedagogical findings, domain
knowledge, technology for teaching (i.e., means of dissemination and communication), web-based online resources, lab equipment
and tools, relevant software, computational techniques, and programing languages are concerned. Topics like public awareness, soft
skill, and innovation and entrepreneurship were also highlighted.
Although the proposed model does not strictly differentiate among isomers having the same molecular weight and chemical formula, nevertheless, the difference in Tc and Pc among isomers is not significant to be picked up by a simple, straight forward model. A more rigorous model will work hard to offset such small differences in Tc and Pc among isomers, nevertheless, at the expense of model simplicity.
Facilitates the process of learning and later mastering Aspen Plus® with step by step examples and succinct explanations
Step-by-step textbook for identifying solutions to various process engineering problems via screenshots of the Aspen Plus® platforms in parallel with the related text
Includes end-of-chapter problems and term project problems
Includes online exam and quiz problems for instructors that are parametrized (i.e., adjustable) so that each student will have a standalone version
Includes extra online material for students such as Aspen Plus®-related files that are used in the working tutorials throughout the entire textbook
protein adsorption equilibrium at solid-water interfaces.
Dimensional analysis was used to express adsorbed mass in
terms of the following macroscopic properties: the partial
molar area occupied by protein at the interface, AP; the
work of adhesion per unit area, W,; the minimum surface area
cleared by an adsorbing protein, Ac; the Gibbs free energy
of unfolding, AGm"; the partial molar volume of protein in
solution, Vp; and the apparent equilibrium concentration,
C. Considering only adsorption at hydrophobic interfaces
in the absence of specific electrostatic effects and
biochemical interactions, an adsorption mechanism was
constructed to visualize protein adsorption equilibrium.
The proposed mechanism consists of two steps, the first
being reversible arrival of the native protein molecule to
the interface. The second step is unfolding of the adsorbed
molecule. Arrangement of dimensionless groups comprised of the
factors enumerated above was then performed with reference
to the proposed mechanism. The model was then tested using
experimentally measured isotherms for a number of proteins.
A general agreement in adsorbed mass was found between the
model and the experiments, indicating that at hydrophobic
surfaces AGmud and 147Ac play a major role in governing the
course of adsorption. Also the plateau value of adsorbed
mass, r was found to be directly related to A. It was
,
found, however, that at hydrophobic, low-energy solid-water
interfaces, protein adsorption equilibrium can be
represented by a one-step mechanism for modeling purposes if
equilibrium spreading pressure measurements are used to
estimate protein molecule interfacial energy.
The model was applied to both simple, single domain
globular proteins as well as to proteins of more complex
structure. Concerning multi-domain proteins, the most
thermolabile domain was observed to play the major role in
initial events contributing to surface-induced unfolding.
All parameters but Ac served as input to the model; computer-generated values of Ac obtained from simulation varied within an order of magnitude (about 100 to 400 A2 /molecule), indicating that only a small portion of the protein molecule need enter the interface in order for adsorption to proceed. For single-domain proteins, variations in Ac can be related to particular properties of the protein, such as molecular weight and flexibility.