We have decided to give an award for the silliest arguments against AI published each year. The S... more We have decided to give an award for the silliest arguments against AI published each year. The Simon Newcomb Awards, as they are called, will be announced here in the AI Magazine. Winners will be presented with a small statue (informally referred to as a ‘Simon’) in a short ceremony at a suitable national gathering. We invite nominations for future awards.
Current approaches to the problem of coordinating the activity of physically distributed systems ... more Current approaches to the problem of coordinating the activity of physically distributed systems or devices all have well-recognized strengths and weaknesses. We propose adding to the mix a novel architecture, the process-integrated mechanism (PIM), that enjoys the advantages of having a single controlling authority while avoiding the structural difficulties that have traditionally led to the rejection of centralized approaches in many complex settings. In many situations, PIMs improve on previous models with regard to coordination, security, ease of software development, robustness, and communication overhead. In the PIM architecture, the components are conceived as parts of a single mechanism, even when they are physically separated and operate asynchronously. The PIM model offers promise as an effective infrastructure for handling tasks that require a high degree of time-sensitive coordination between the components, as well as a clean mechanism for coordinating the high-level goals of loosely coupled systems. The PIM model enables coordination without the fragility and high communication overhead of centralized control, but also without the uncertainty associated with the system-level behavior of a multiagent system (MAS). The PIM model provides an ease of programming with advantages over both multiagent systems and centralized architectures. It has the robustness of a multiagent system without the significant complexity and overhead required for interagent communication and negotiation. In contrast to centralized approaches, it does not require managing the large amounts of data that the coordinating process needs to compute a global view. In a PIM, the process moves to the data and may perform computations on the components where the data is locally available, transporting only the information needed for coordination within the PIM. While there are many remaining research issues to be addressed, we believe that PIMs offer an important and novel technique for the control of distributed systems.
ABSTRACT In this article, we describe a continuing project directed toward the design and develop... more ABSTRACT In this article, we describe a continuing project directed toward the design and development of a knowledge-based expert system (NUCES), used to aid interpretation of radionuclide imaging in the heart. NUCES comprises a multimedia user interface, a diagnostic system, testing facility, and a novel explanation system. We describe its potential use in training clinicians, and discuss its implications for the delivery of widespread screening for heart disease.
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Aug 20, 1995
Passing the Turing Test is not a sensible goal for Artificial Intelligence. Adherence to Turing&#... more Passing the Turing Test is not a sensible goal for Artificial Intelligence. Adherence to Turing's vision from 1950 is now actively harmful to our field. We review problems with Turing's idea, and suggest that, ironically, the very cognitive science that he tried to create must reject his research goal.
Our society depends on experts for mission-critical,
complex technical guidance for high-stakes d... more Our society depends on experts for mission-critical, complex technical guidance for high-stakes decision making because they can make decisions despite incomplete, incorrect, and contradictory information when established routines no longer apply. Experts are the people the team turns to when faced with difficult tasks.Despite this empirical base, we witness a number of challenges to the concept of expertise.
In this article, we describe a continuing project directed toward the design and development of a... more In this article, we describe a continuing project directed toward the design and development of a knowledge-based expert system (NUCES), used to aid interpretation of radionuclide imaging in the heart. NUCES comprises a multimedia user interface, a diagnostic system, testing facility, and a novel explanation system. We describe its potential use in training clinicians, and discuss its implications for the delivery of widespread screening for heart disease.
It is important to resolve the issue of whether extra infonnation can help assign the probability... more It is important to resolve the issue of whether extra infonnation can help assign the probability for failure of a pilot or Naval Flight Officer (NFO) in some phase of flight training. This assigned probability for failure could be based simply on empirical data gathered over some relatively long period of time. However, if scores from selection tests, personality tests, vision exams, psychomotor tests, and the like could serve as cogent infonnation about the probability for failure, then the probability for failure could be revised upwards or downwards based on an individual's standing on these variables. In·addition, it would be interesting to find out if candidates could "trade off" high scores on one class of tests for low scores on a different class of tests, but still achieve the same level of perronnance. Here, level of peIfonnance is defined as the probability for failure. This brings us into contact with the idea of isoperfonnance. In this analysis, we examine...
Computers are the only machines which both manipulate symbols and are manipulated by them; they a... more Computers are the only machines which both manipulate symbols and are manipulated by them; they are “physical symbol systems.” As we know, AI uses this insight to implement systems capable of thought. However, some people find this idea of a symbolic machine very unsettling. This tension can be a clinical precursor of a disorder called symbolophobia.
Robotic reconnaissance has the potential to significantly improve scientific and technical return... more Robotic reconnaissance has the potential to significantly improve scientific and technical return from lunar surface exploration. In particular, robotic recon may increase crew productivity and reduce operational risk for exploration. However, additional research, development and field-testing is needed to mature robot and ground control systems, refine operational protocols, and specify detailed requirements. When the new lunar surface campaign begins around 2020, and before permanent outposts are established, humans will initially be on the Moon less than 10% of the time. During the 90% of time between crew visits, robots will be available to perform surface operations under ground control. Understanding how robotic systems can best address surface science needs, therefore, becomes a central issue Prior to surface missions, lunar orbiters (LRO, Kaguya, Chandrayyan-1, etc.) will map the Moon. These orbital missions will provide numerous types of maps: visible photography, topograph...
We read with interest the recent article by Leckey et al., reporting that consumption of a ketone... more We read with interest the recent article by Leckey et al., reporting that consumption of a ketone diester drink impaired 31 km cycling time trial performance (Leckey et al., 2017). Exogenous ketones are new to the field of sports science, with only six athlete studies published to date (Cox et al., 2016; Holdsworth et al., 2017; O'Malley et al., 2017; Rodger et al., 2017; Vandoorne et al., 2017; Evans et al., 2018). Therefore, this article is a welcomed contribution to the discussion surrounding their optimal use. Having worked with novel ketone compounds in animals, sedentary individuals, and athletes, we wish to offer some reflections on this study, which may assist with future investigations of exogenous ketones in athletics.
We have decided to give an award for the silliest arguments against AI published each year. The S... more We have decided to give an award for the silliest arguments against AI published each year. The Simon Newcomb Awards, as they are called, will be announced here in the AI Magazine. Winners will be presented with a small statue (informally referred to as a ‘Simon’) in a short ceremony at a suitable national gathering. We invite nominations for future awards.
Current approaches to the problem of coordinating the activity of physically distributed systems ... more Current approaches to the problem of coordinating the activity of physically distributed systems or devices all have well-recognized strengths and weaknesses. We propose adding to the mix a novel architecture, the process-integrated mechanism (PIM), that enjoys the advantages of having a single controlling authority while avoiding the structural difficulties that have traditionally led to the rejection of centralized approaches in many complex settings. In many situations, PIMs improve on previous models with regard to coordination, security, ease of software development, robustness, and communication overhead. In the PIM architecture, the components are conceived as parts of a single mechanism, even when they are physically separated and operate asynchronously. The PIM model offers promise as an effective infrastructure for handling tasks that require a high degree of time-sensitive coordination between the components, as well as a clean mechanism for coordinating the high-level goals of loosely coupled systems. The PIM model enables coordination without the fragility and high communication overhead of centralized control, but also without the uncertainty associated with the system-level behavior of a multiagent system (MAS). The PIM model provides an ease of programming with advantages over both multiagent systems and centralized architectures. It has the robustness of a multiagent system without the significant complexity and overhead required for interagent communication and negotiation. In contrast to centralized approaches, it does not require managing the large amounts of data that the coordinating process needs to compute a global view. In a PIM, the process moves to the data and may perform computations on the components where the data is locally available, transporting only the information needed for coordination within the PIM. While there are many remaining research issues to be addressed, we believe that PIMs offer an important and novel technique for the control of distributed systems.
ABSTRACT In this article, we describe a continuing project directed toward the design and develop... more ABSTRACT In this article, we describe a continuing project directed toward the design and development of a knowledge-based expert system (NUCES), used to aid interpretation of radionuclide imaging in the heart. NUCES comprises a multimedia user interface, a diagnostic system, testing facility, and a novel explanation system. We describe its potential use in training clinicians, and discuss its implications for the delivery of widespread screening for heart disease.
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Aug 20, 1995
Passing the Turing Test is not a sensible goal for Artificial Intelligence. Adherence to Turing&#... more Passing the Turing Test is not a sensible goal for Artificial Intelligence. Adherence to Turing's vision from 1950 is now actively harmful to our field. We review problems with Turing's idea, and suggest that, ironically, the very cognitive science that he tried to create must reject his research goal.
Our society depends on experts for mission-critical,
complex technical guidance for high-stakes d... more Our society depends on experts for mission-critical, complex technical guidance for high-stakes decision making because they can make decisions despite incomplete, incorrect, and contradictory information when established routines no longer apply. Experts are the people the team turns to when faced with difficult tasks.Despite this empirical base, we witness a number of challenges to the concept of expertise.
In this article, we describe a continuing project directed toward the design and development of a... more In this article, we describe a continuing project directed toward the design and development of a knowledge-based expert system (NUCES), used to aid interpretation of radionuclide imaging in the heart. NUCES comprises a multimedia user interface, a diagnostic system, testing facility, and a novel explanation system. We describe its potential use in training clinicians, and discuss its implications for the delivery of widespread screening for heart disease.
It is important to resolve the issue of whether extra infonnation can help assign the probability... more It is important to resolve the issue of whether extra infonnation can help assign the probability for failure of a pilot or Naval Flight Officer (NFO) in some phase of flight training. This assigned probability for failure could be based simply on empirical data gathered over some relatively long period of time. However, if scores from selection tests, personality tests, vision exams, psychomotor tests, and the like could serve as cogent infonnation about the probability for failure, then the probability for failure could be revised upwards or downwards based on an individual's standing on these variables. In·addition, it would be interesting to find out if candidates could "trade off" high scores on one class of tests for low scores on a different class of tests, but still achieve the same level of perronnance. Here, level of peIfonnance is defined as the probability for failure. This brings us into contact with the idea of isoperfonnance. In this analysis, we examine...
Computers are the only machines which both manipulate symbols and are manipulated by them; they a... more Computers are the only machines which both manipulate symbols and are manipulated by them; they are “physical symbol systems.” As we know, AI uses this insight to implement systems capable of thought. However, some people find this idea of a symbolic machine very unsettling. This tension can be a clinical precursor of a disorder called symbolophobia.
Robotic reconnaissance has the potential to significantly improve scientific and technical return... more Robotic reconnaissance has the potential to significantly improve scientific and technical return from lunar surface exploration. In particular, robotic recon may increase crew productivity and reduce operational risk for exploration. However, additional research, development and field-testing is needed to mature robot and ground control systems, refine operational protocols, and specify detailed requirements. When the new lunar surface campaign begins around 2020, and before permanent outposts are established, humans will initially be on the Moon less than 10% of the time. During the 90% of time between crew visits, robots will be available to perform surface operations under ground control. Understanding how robotic systems can best address surface science needs, therefore, becomes a central issue Prior to surface missions, lunar orbiters (LRO, Kaguya, Chandrayyan-1, etc.) will map the Moon. These orbital missions will provide numerous types of maps: visible photography, topograph...
We read with interest the recent article by Leckey et al., reporting that consumption of a ketone... more We read with interest the recent article by Leckey et al., reporting that consumption of a ketone diester drink impaired 31 km cycling time trial performance (Leckey et al., 2017). Exogenous ketones are new to the field of sports science, with only six athlete studies published to date (Cox et al., 2016; Holdsworth et al., 2017; O'Malley et al., 2017; Rodger et al., 2017; Vandoorne et al., 2017; Evans et al., 2018). Therefore, this article is a welcomed contribution to the discussion surrounding their optimal use. Having worked with novel ketone compounds in animals, sedentary individuals, and athletes, we wish to offer some reflections on this study, which may assist with future investigations of exogenous ketones in athletics.
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Papers by Ken Ford
suitable national gathering. We invite nominations for future awards.
required for interagent communication and negotiation. In contrast to centralized approaches, it does not require managing the large amounts of data that the coordinating process needs to compute a global view. In a PIM, the process moves to the data and may perform computations on the components where the data is locally available, transporting only the information needed for coordination within the PIM. While there are many remaining research issues to be addressed, we believe that PIMs offer an important and novel technique for the control of distributed systems.
complex technical guidance for high-stakes decision
making because they can make decisions despite incomplete,
incorrect, and contradictory information when established routines no longer apply. Experts are the people the team turns to when faced with
difficult tasks.Despite this empirical base, we witness a number
of challenges to the concept of expertise.
tension can be a clinical precursor of a disorder called symbolophobia.
suitable national gathering. We invite nominations for future awards.
required for interagent communication and negotiation. In contrast to centralized approaches, it does not require managing the large amounts of data that the coordinating process needs to compute a global view. In a PIM, the process moves to the data and may perform computations on the components where the data is locally available, transporting only the information needed for coordination within the PIM. While there are many remaining research issues to be addressed, we believe that PIMs offer an important and novel technique for the control of distributed systems.
complex technical guidance for high-stakes decision
making because they can make decisions despite incomplete,
incorrect, and contradictory information when established routines no longer apply. Experts are the people the team turns to when faced with
difficult tasks.Despite this empirical base, we witness a number
of challenges to the concept of expertise.
tension can be a clinical precursor of a disorder called symbolophobia.