Katalog der 31. Münchner Mineralientage: "aller Perckwerch muater", Schwaz und Brixlegg in Tirol: Historisches Bergbaurevier für Silber und Kupfer in den Alpen, pp.74-75, 1994
Katalog der 31. Münchner Mineralientage: "aller Perckwerch muater", Schwaz und Brixlegg in Tirol: Historisches Bergbaurevier für Silber und Kupfer in den Alpen, pp.70-71, 1994
Katalog der 31. Münchner Mineralientage: "aller Perckwerch muater", Schwaz und Brixlegg in Tirol: Historisches Bergbaurevier für Silber und Kupfer in den Alpen, pp.74-75, 1994
Katalog der 31. Münchner Mineralientage: "aller Perckwerch muater", Schwaz und Brixlegg in Tirol: Historisches Bergbaurevier für Silber und Kupfer in den Alpen, pp.70-71, 1994
Mining at the Fringes. High-Altitude Prehistoric
Copper Mining in the Oberhalbstein Valley
(Griso... more Mining at the Fringes. High-Altitude Prehistoric Copper Mining in the Oberhalbstein Valley (Grisons, Switzerland)
Katalog der 31. Münchner Mineralientage: "aller Perckwerch muater", Schwaz und Brixlegg in Tirol: Historisches Bergbaurevier für Silber und Kupfer in den Alpen, pp.76-79, 1994
A variety of glass cups has been investigated after treatment in a machine dishwasher. Three type... more A variety of glass cups has been investigated after treatment in a machine dishwasher. Three types of surface damages were found. The first type consists of clouding on the inner and outer surfaces appearing after about 1000 washing cycles. It can be related to the long range granular structure of glass, which is believed to be formed by thermal density fluctuation. During washing both water and detergents act as weak etchants, first eroding the smooth glass skin, then revealing the granular structure. As soon as the linkages between the granules are entirely broken by the etching, holes will manifest themselves at these sites. When the size of the holes (the hole width) reaches the half of the light wavelength, light scattering occurs and the glass seems cloudy. The second type is the sheet clouding on the outer surface appearing after about 100 washing cycles. It can be related to holes on the surface, which are formed by the loss of the sphere domain phase from the SiO2-rich matr...
The local clouding of glasses after dishwashing near the mouth rims on a coffee pot made from bor... more The local clouding of glasses after dishwashing near the mouth rims on a coffee pot made from borosilicate glass, on a wine cup made from lead crystal glass and near the stem base on a wine cup made from barium silicate glass has been found to be due to damage during manufacture. The examined clouding is different from the two well known types of filming and etching cloudiness related to the reactions of glass with water and detergent in the dishwasher. The intensive study on the wine cup of lead crystal glass shows that a phase separation was induced during the flame treatment on the sharp rim and base. The aggregates of Pb-rich spheres scaled off when the thin covering of SiO2-rich skin was eroded away and consequently holes were formed on the glass surface on the micrometre scale, which resulted in light scattering and the clouding of the glassware. Evaporation species from warmer regions onto the colder areas of the glass surface could be observed, but they are not the reason fo...
Seit Jahrzehnten sind zwischen Tiefencastel und dem Julierpass prähistorische Kupferverhüttungspl... more Seit Jahrzehnten sind zwischen Tiefencastel und dem Julierpass prähistorische Kupferverhüttungsplätze bekannt. Eine erste systematische Untersuchung dieser Fundplätze, der lokalen Erze und bronzezeitlichen Siedlungen mit Hinweisen auf Metallverarbeitung findet seit 2013 unter der Regie der Universität Zürich, Fachbereich Prähistorische Archäologie, in Kooperation mit dem Archäologischen Dienst Graubünden und der Universität Innsbruck statt. Aus der lokalen montanhistorischen Literatur waren Hinweise auf einen "eigenartigen Felsspalt" in steilem, schwer zugänglichem Felsgebiet nahe des Marmorera-Staudammes bekannt. Nach Hinweisen von Martin Schreiber gelang dem Forschungsteam im Sommer 2013 die Wiederentdeckung des nahezu unberührten Ortes: Schnell konnte festgestellt werden, dass es sich um einen feuergesetzten Stollen handelt. Etwa 2 m vor dem Stollort wurde eine Sondage angelegt. Nach einer Abtiefung von 60 cm wurden die Arbeiten vorerst eingestellt, da bereits zahlreich...
ABSTRACT Detailed description of the copper- and silver minerals including associated mineralizat... more ABSTRACT Detailed description of the copper- and silver minerals including associated mineralization at Schwaz and Brixlegg mining district, Tyrol, Austria.
By combining different analytical techniques, including modern high resolution imaging tools such... more By combining different analytical techniques, including modern high resolution imaging tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), new phenomena in the surface, near surface and bulk structure of various industrial glasses (without any cleaning process) have been discovered. Investigations of soda-lime-silica container glass and lead silicate glass tubings exposed to atmospheric and to dried air are presented. The results of the first part of this paper can be explained with an SiO 2 -rich skin on the glass, which can protect the glass against the attack of external media. If the skin was mechanically injured, inhomogeneous corrosion products on μm scale grew around the injured site after exposure to humid air for times between days up to one year. Microchannels were formed through the injured site due to restricted ion exchange, followed by a local increase of the pH value and consequently the dissolution of the glass networ...
A variety of glass cups has been investigated after treatment in a machine dishwasher. Three type... more A variety of glass cups has been investigated after treatment in a machine dishwasher. Three types of surface damages were found. The first type consists of clouding on the inner and outer surfaces appearing after about 1000 washing cycles. It can be related to the long range granular structure of glass, which is believed to be formed by thermal density fluctuation. During washing both water and detergents act as weak etchants, first eroding the smooth glass skin, then revealing the granular structure. As soon as the linkages between the granules are entirely broken by the etching, holes will manifest themselves at these sites. When the size of the holes (the hole width) reaches the half of the light wavelength, light scattering occurs and the glass seems cloudy. The second type is the sheet clouding on the outer surface appearing after about 100 washing cycles. It can be related to holes on the surface, which are formed by the loss of the sphere domain phase from the SiO 2 -rich ma...
The local clouding of glasses after dishwashing near the mouth rims on a coffee pot made from bor... more The local clouding of glasses after dishwashing near the mouth rims on a coffee pot made from borosilicate glass, on a wine cup made from lead crystal glass and near the stem base on a wine cup made from barium silicate glass has been found to be due to damage during manufacture. The examined clouding is different from the two well known types of filming and etching cloudiness related to the reactions of glass with water and detergent in the dishwasher. The intensive study on the wine cup of lead crystal glass shows that a phase separation was induced during the flame treatment on the sharp rim and base. The aggregates of Pb-rich spheres scaled off when the thin covering of SiO 2 -rich skin was eroded away and consequently holes were formed on the glass surface on the micrometre scale, which resulted in light scattering and the clouding of the glassware. Evaporation species from warmer regions onto the colder areas of the glass surface could be observed, but they are not the reason ...
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Archaeometallurgy by Klaus-Peter Martinek
Ore Mineralogy by Klaus-Peter Martinek
Copper Mining in the Oberhalbstein Valley
(Grisons, Switzerland)