To report the date of an event, important cultural areas invented their own calendar. Still toda... more To report the date of an event, important cultural areas invented their own calendar. Still today, mint-years on ancient coins act as time-resistant anchors of these calendrical eras. However the matching of these eras against each other remained ambiguous. To resolve these ambiguities, we used solar eclipses recorded during the same calendrical eras.
Nowadays, open virtual access calls for a new look at ancient artefacts, particularly those fro... more Nowadays, open virtual access calls for a new look at ancient artefacts, particularly those from the Coin Age. This talk was originally planned to be delivered in September 2021 at XIXth UISPP Congress in Meknes. Our overview covers the 1,500 years between the creed to Juno Moneta and the one to Moneta Nova. We selected coins carrying their mint year, their birth certificate so to speak. Such dated coins are like fossils of time, refering to different cultural areas and calendrical eras. The timelines associated to those calendrical eras can be depicted on a guitar-like chart. Solar eclipses, whose reported observation date are expressed in terms of a calendrical era, enables the tuning of each era’s timeline to the universal secular timeline introduced by the astronomer Johannes Kepler. Finally, our coins find their place on their respective timelines and reveal the socio-political face of the regime that produced them, i.e.: an unaltered vision of History prior to the Print Age.
Science started with the combined observation of natural events with an efficient writing system ... more Science started with the combined observation of natural events with an efficient writing system to keep memory of them. Before the Phoenician Thales had reached the age of 37, the sky over the City of Miletus had been the scene of ten solar eclipses. Those that Thales observed were enough for him to recognize the time series patterns behind his famous prediction. The predicted eclipse probably led him to detect the so called Saros cycle. .
The Canon SAROS lists 50 documented ancient solar eclipses ranging from -1911 up to +1912, i.e., ... more The Canon SAROS lists 50 documented ancient solar eclipses ranging from -1911 up to +1912, i.e., prior to the creation of the Bureau Int.’l de l’Heure in 1913. The introduction to the table discuss six observation reports. Emphasis is given fror the eclipses anchoring Calendrical Eras (Nilotic, HuangDi, AUC, Seleucid, Hirji, Anno Domini).
As the editors point out, "rock art is the oldest archive of human activity," and its i... more As the editors point out, "rock art is the oldest archive of human activity," and its interpretation, although fraught with difficulty is thus of prime importance. This collection of papers, taken from the 15th UISPP congress, mainly look at specific symbols and their interpretation. Thus there are papers on faceless anthropomorphic symbols, the pentagram, spirals and lozenges, bulls horn symbols, footprint and handprint symbols, cupmarks and triangles, and net patterns and ruled rectangles. The volume is completed by two essays on particular rock art sites in Portugal and Galicia.
As examples of ideographic premonition dreams, we have revised and completed the selection of anc... more As examples of ideographic premonition dreams, we have revised and completed the selection of ancient Chinese dreams, translated by G. Soulie, annotated by Marie Bonaparte and published in « Les reves etudies par les Chinois » (Revue francaise de psychanalyse, n˚ 4, 1927). These dreams are recorded in the « Yuxiaji » (Memoires du Coffret de Jade), a compilation begun by Xu Zhen (born in 239) and added to on various occasions thereafter. The particular significance of the Chinese language is that it offers to its dreamers, not only the possibility to play with words but also with the graphics which make up the ideograms. This dream-game is not to be confused with the etymology of the sinograms.
ABSTRACT We have measured the muon momentum in pion decay at rest using a magnetic spectrometer. ... more ABSTRACT We have measured the muon momentum in pion decay at rest using a magnetic spectrometer. From the result, pmu+ = (29.787+/-0.005) MeV/c, we deduce a squared muon neutrino mass of (0.23+/-0.54) MeV2/c4.
Even though “realistic” 3-dimensional representatio ns of sexual intercourse are the most evocati... more Even though “realistic” 3-dimensional representatio ns of sexual intercourse are the most evocative types of erotic messages, some oriental block print s and miniatures succeeded in overcoming their 2dimensional limitation using vivid colours. In con trast, dull monochrome 2-D representations have to go beyond sheer realism. To achieve this difficult task, the focus is set on the “typical contour” of the partne rs, highlighting their sexual attributes. The representation of a scene displaying sexual int ercourse is strongly bound to the choice of medium and to the availabili ty of appropriate technological tools. As erotic messages have a str ong sensual component, threedimensional techniques are most appropriate and are still used. Stereoscopic pictures of sexual nature appeared a s early as 1850’s. 3-D sex colour-movies on giant theatre screens had to wait until the 1980’s, whereas currently VR is on the rise. In contrast, ca. 3’000 years ago, erotic clay mod elling almost reached...
The date of acceptance of a founding myth by the concerned community of believers might be traced... more The date of acceptance of a founding myth by the concerned community of believers might be traced with any artefact carrying a kind of colophon with date and site of release. The “birth certificate" of the myth of Muhammed Allah’s Messenger, is a coin, minted in Persia in calendar year 67 AH (Anno Hegira). This era commemorates the Muslim tribe’s migration from Mecca to Medina. The late graft of the myth of Prophet Muhammad bringing up the rear of this migration has shaped the astonishing perennity of the Hegira Era. Regarding the myth of the Incarnation of the Lord, its "birth certificate" is a Diploma, issued in England in calendar year 736 AD (Anno Domini). This era commemorates the Incarnation of the Christian Divinity. The hypothesis about the origin of the AD Calendar as counter-attack to the rapid spreading of the AH Calendar is discussed. If a founding myth tells the original event of a calendar era, in contrast, the artefact, carrier of the date and site of r...
La Numismatique au carrefour du Temps des croyances, du Temps mesuré ou Temps du physicien, et du... more La Numismatique au carrefour du Temps des croyances, du Temps mesuré ou Temps du physicien, et du Cyberspace: Cinq anciennes pièces de monnaies, choisies avec soin, offrent, déjà à elles seules, cinq visions parallèles de l’histoire de l’humanité. Mais ce jeu de cinq pièces est loin d'être unique....Voici mon invitation à la lecture des artefacts ayant survécu aux destructions pour voir plus loin que l'Histoire réécrite à la sauce des croyances de l'époque.
Enquanto os Ostrogodos, após o saque de Roma, se apoderaram da legitimidade romana sobre a Peníns... more Enquanto os Ostrogodos, após o saque de Roma, se apoderaram da legitimidade romana sobre a Península Itálica, para a Península Ibérica, os Visigodos atribuíram a si próprios esta legitimidade por via simbólica … inventando a ERA. Esta era calendárica chamada também era de Augusto, era gótica ou data Safar, rende homenagem à Pax Romana na Hispânia.
La chronologie écliptique des ères calendaires établit la relation entre le Temps de la Terre, d... more La chronologie écliptique des ères calendaires établit la relation entre le Temps de la Terre, de la Lune et du Soleil - et l’Instant du passage de la proto-Histoire à l' Histoire des civilisations. Elle permet de synchroniser des ères : 7 ont leur ancrage chronologique assuré par les colophons des plus ancients comptes-rendus d’éclipses de Soleil.
Le colophon d’un artefacts donne sa date de fabrication exprimée en termes de l’ère calendaire en vogue. Le plus ancien est le certificat de naissance de cette ère. Il témoigne de l’acceptation de son mythe fondateur par la communauté concernée. 33 dates exprimées en termes de leur ère culturelle (en 13 langues: akk, ar, de, egy, en, es, fr, gr, la, mym, peo, syr, zh) témoignent de la diversité des styles dans l’Écriture du Temps.
Is Bede's AD calendar a counter-attack to the Hijri Calendar?
Among civilization founding myths,... more Is Bede's AD calendar a counter-attack to the Hijri Calendar?
Among civilization founding myths, some can be traced back to the origin of new calendars eras, i.e.: Roman she-wolf & Ab Urbe Condita;
Pax Romana in Iberia & Era Hispanica;
Muhammed bringing up the rear of the migration & Anno Hegirae ;
Incarnation of the Lord & Anno Domini.
Solar eclipses anchor fortunately those eras in time while numismatics provides artefacts and their colophons.
La date d'acceptation par une communauté de croyants d'un mythe fondateur peut être connue grâce ... more La date d'acceptation par une communauté de croyants d'un mythe fondateur peut être connue grâce à des artefacts porteurs de leur date et lieu de mise en circulation. Le "certificat de naissance" du mythe de Mahomet-Messager d'Allah, est une monnaie frappée en Perse, en l'an calendaire 67 AH (Anno Hegirae). Cette ère commémore la mémoire de la migration d'une tribu musulmane de La Mecque à Médine. La greffe tardive du mythe du Prophète Mahomet fermant la marche de l'Hégire permit l'étonnante pérennité de cette ère. Quant au mythe de l'Incarnation du Seigneur, son "certificat de naissance" est un diplôme, émis à Ismere en Angleterre, en l'an calendaire 736 AD (Anno Domini), alors que cette ère commémore l'Incarnation de la Divinité Chrétienne. Une mise en relation de l'invention du Calendrier AD avec la diffusion fulgurante du Calendrier AH est proposée.
To report the date of an event, important cultural areas invented their own calendar. Still toda... more To report the date of an event, important cultural areas invented their own calendar. Still today, mint-years on ancient coins act as time-resistant anchors of these calendrical eras. However the matching of these eras against each other remained ambiguous. To resolve these ambiguities, we used solar eclipses recorded during the same calendrical eras.
Nowadays, open virtual access calls for a new look at ancient artefacts, particularly those fro... more Nowadays, open virtual access calls for a new look at ancient artefacts, particularly those from the Coin Age. This talk was originally planned to be delivered in September 2021 at XIXth UISPP Congress in Meknes. Our overview covers the 1,500 years between the creed to Juno Moneta and the one to Moneta Nova. We selected coins carrying their mint year, their birth certificate so to speak. Such dated coins are like fossils of time, refering to different cultural areas and calendrical eras. The timelines associated to those calendrical eras can be depicted on a guitar-like chart. Solar eclipses, whose reported observation date are expressed in terms of a calendrical era, enables the tuning of each era’s timeline to the universal secular timeline introduced by the astronomer Johannes Kepler. Finally, our coins find their place on their respective timelines and reveal the socio-political face of the regime that produced them, i.e.: an unaltered vision of History prior to the Print Age.
Science started with the combined observation of natural events with an efficient writing system ... more Science started with the combined observation of natural events with an efficient writing system to keep memory of them. Before the Phoenician Thales had reached the age of 37, the sky over the City of Miletus had been the scene of ten solar eclipses. Those that Thales observed were enough for him to recognize the time series patterns behind his famous prediction. The predicted eclipse probably led him to detect the so called Saros cycle. .
The Canon SAROS lists 50 documented ancient solar eclipses ranging from -1911 up to +1912, i.e., ... more The Canon SAROS lists 50 documented ancient solar eclipses ranging from -1911 up to +1912, i.e., prior to the creation of the Bureau Int.’l de l’Heure in 1913. The introduction to the table discuss six observation reports. Emphasis is given fror the eclipses anchoring Calendrical Eras (Nilotic, HuangDi, AUC, Seleucid, Hirji, Anno Domini).
As the editors point out, "rock art is the oldest archive of human activity," and its i... more As the editors point out, "rock art is the oldest archive of human activity," and its interpretation, although fraught with difficulty is thus of prime importance. This collection of papers, taken from the 15th UISPP congress, mainly look at specific symbols and their interpretation. Thus there are papers on faceless anthropomorphic symbols, the pentagram, spirals and lozenges, bulls horn symbols, footprint and handprint symbols, cupmarks and triangles, and net patterns and ruled rectangles. The volume is completed by two essays on particular rock art sites in Portugal and Galicia.
As examples of ideographic premonition dreams, we have revised and completed the selection of anc... more As examples of ideographic premonition dreams, we have revised and completed the selection of ancient Chinese dreams, translated by G. Soulie, annotated by Marie Bonaparte and published in « Les reves etudies par les Chinois » (Revue francaise de psychanalyse, n˚ 4, 1927). These dreams are recorded in the « Yuxiaji » (Memoires du Coffret de Jade), a compilation begun by Xu Zhen (born in 239) and added to on various occasions thereafter. The particular significance of the Chinese language is that it offers to its dreamers, not only the possibility to play with words but also with the graphics which make up the ideograms. This dream-game is not to be confused with the etymology of the sinograms.
ABSTRACT We have measured the muon momentum in pion decay at rest using a magnetic spectrometer. ... more ABSTRACT We have measured the muon momentum in pion decay at rest using a magnetic spectrometer. From the result, pmu+ = (29.787+/-0.005) MeV/c, we deduce a squared muon neutrino mass of (0.23+/-0.54) MeV2/c4.
Even though “realistic” 3-dimensional representatio ns of sexual intercourse are the most evocati... more Even though “realistic” 3-dimensional representatio ns of sexual intercourse are the most evocative types of erotic messages, some oriental block print s and miniatures succeeded in overcoming their 2dimensional limitation using vivid colours. In con trast, dull monochrome 2-D representations have to go beyond sheer realism. To achieve this difficult task, the focus is set on the “typical contour” of the partne rs, highlighting their sexual attributes. The representation of a scene displaying sexual int ercourse is strongly bound to the choice of medium and to the availabili ty of appropriate technological tools. As erotic messages have a str ong sensual component, threedimensional techniques are most appropriate and are still used. Stereoscopic pictures of sexual nature appeared a s early as 1850’s. 3-D sex colour-movies on giant theatre screens had to wait until the 1980’s, whereas currently VR is on the rise. In contrast, ca. 3’000 years ago, erotic clay mod elling almost reached...
The date of acceptance of a founding myth by the concerned community of believers might be traced... more The date of acceptance of a founding myth by the concerned community of believers might be traced with any artefact carrying a kind of colophon with date and site of release. The “birth certificate" of the myth of Muhammed Allah’s Messenger, is a coin, minted in Persia in calendar year 67 AH (Anno Hegira). This era commemorates the Muslim tribe’s migration from Mecca to Medina. The late graft of the myth of Prophet Muhammad bringing up the rear of this migration has shaped the astonishing perennity of the Hegira Era. Regarding the myth of the Incarnation of the Lord, its "birth certificate" is a Diploma, issued in England in calendar year 736 AD (Anno Domini). This era commemorates the Incarnation of the Christian Divinity. The hypothesis about the origin of the AD Calendar as counter-attack to the rapid spreading of the AH Calendar is discussed. If a founding myth tells the original event of a calendar era, in contrast, the artefact, carrier of the date and site of r...
La Numismatique au carrefour du Temps des croyances, du Temps mesuré ou Temps du physicien, et du... more La Numismatique au carrefour du Temps des croyances, du Temps mesuré ou Temps du physicien, et du Cyberspace: Cinq anciennes pièces de monnaies, choisies avec soin, offrent, déjà à elles seules, cinq visions parallèles de l’histoire de l’humanité. Mais ce jeu de cinq pièces est loin d'être unique....Voici mon invitation à la lecture des artefacts ayant survécu aux destructions pour voir plus loin que l'Histoire réécrite à la sauce des croyances de l'époque.
Enquanto os Ostrogodos, após o saque de Roma, se apoderaram da legitimidade romana sobre a Peníns... more Enquanto os Ostrogodos, após o saque de Roma, se apoderaram da legitimidade romana sobre a Península Itálica, para a Península Ibérica, os Visigodos atribuíram a si próprios esta legitimidade por via simbólica … inventando a ERA. Esta era calendárica chamada também era de Augusto, era gótica ou data Safar, rende homenagem à Pax Romana na Hispânia.
La chronologie écliptique des ères calendaires établit la relation entre le Temps de la Terre, d... more La chronologie écliptique des ères calendaires établit la relation entre le Temps de la Terre, de la Lune et du Soleil - et l’Instant du passage de la proto-Histoire à l' Histoire des civilisations. Elle permet de synchroniser des ères : 7 ont leur ancrage chronologique assuré par les colophons des plus ancients comptes-rendus d’éclipses de Soleil.
Le colophon d’un artefacts donne sa date de fabrication exprimée en termes de l’ère calendaire en vogue. Le plus ancien est le certificat de naissance de cette ère. Il témoigne de l’acceptation de son mythe fondateur par la communauté concernée. 33 dates exprimées en termes de leur ère culturelle (en 13 langues: akk, ar, de, egy, en, es, fr, gr, la, mym, peo, syr, zh) témoignent de la diversité des styles dans l’Écriture du Temps.
Is Bede's AD calendar a counter-attack to the Hijri Calendar?
Among civilization founding myths,... more Is Bede's AD calendar a counter-attack to the Hijri Calendar?
Among civilization founding myths, some can be traced back to the origin of new calendars eras, i.e.: Roman she-wolf & Ab Urbe Condita;
Pax Romana in Iberia & Era Hispanica;
Muhammed bringing up the rear of the migration & Anno Hegirae ;
Incarnation of the Lord & Anno Domini.
Solar eclipses anchor fortunately those eras in time while numismatics provides artefacts and their colophons.
La date d'acceptation par une communauté de croyants d'un mythe fondateur peut être connue grâce ... more La date d'acceptation par une communauté de croyants d'un mythe fondateur peut être connue grâce à des artefacts porteurs de leur date et lieu de mise en circulation. Le "certificat de naissance" du mythe de Mahomet-Messager d'Allah, est une monnaie frappée en Perse, en l'an calendaire 67 AH (Anno Hegirae). Cette ère commémore la mémoire de la migration d'une tribu musulmane de La Mecque à Médine. La greffe tardive du mythe du Prophète Mahomet fermant la marche de l'Hégire permit l'étonnante pérennité de cette ère. Quant au mythe de l'Incarnation du Seigneur, son "certificat de naissance" est un diplôme, émis à Ismere en Angleterre, en l'an calendaire 736 AD (Anno Domini), alors que cette ère commémore l'Incarnation de la Divinité Chrétienne. Une mise en relation de l'invention du Calendrier AD avec la diffusion fulgurante du Calendrier AH est proposée.
Que savons-nous de Thalès de Milet ? Comment at -il pu prédire au roi lydien Alyattès l'éclipse d... more Que savons-nous de Thalès de Milet ? Comment at -il pu prédire au roi lydien Alyattès l'éclipse de soleil qui mit fin à la guerre lydo-mède, alors que Thalès ne connaissait pas le cycle de Saros, cette période de 223 lunaisons permettant la prédiction des éclipses? La réponse est simple: même si aucune note n'a été retrouvée, nous faisons l'hypothèse que Thalès a enregistré avec soin ses observations des phénomènes naturels, telles les dates des éclipses de soleil. La prédiction d'une éclipse partielle de soleil ne nécessite pas d'autres connaissances, et les chamans le savent depuis longtemps. Il faut rappeler que l'observation à l'oeil nu d'éclipses partielles de soleil exige que le soleil soit bas sur l'horizon, ou filtré, par exemple, par les feuilles d'un arbre et projeté inversé sur une surface claire ou alors filtré par les nuages. Sans justification astronomique, en un site donné, les éclipses de soleil tendent statistiquement au regroupement dans le temps ou cluster. Une lunaison étant de 29,5 jours, ces clusters peuvent être de : 18 lunaisons, tel celui des éclipses totales observées à Kikombo (Angola), les +2001.06.21 & +2002.12.04. Ils peuvent être précédés, ou suivis, d'un de 17. 12 lunaisons, comme les éclipses partielles que l'on observera à Nîmes à 96% le +2026.08.12/19:25h & à 76% le +2027.08.02/ 10:01h. 6 lunaisons, comme les 2 premières éclipses, partielles à 16%, qu'enfant j'ai observées à Genève à l'aide d'une plaquette de verre noircie à la bougie, les +1951.09.01 & +1952.02.25. Après avoir observé sa première éclipse de soleil, Thalès a dû s'interroger sur le temps d'attente le plus court pour la prochaine éclipse ! La liste des éclipses à Milet donne, pour les clusters de 3 ou 4 éclipses, des espacements alternativement de 17 & 18 mois lunaires, soit 503 et 533 jours, avec alternance matin/ après-midi. La date est celle du dernier jour du mois lunaire.
Les 351 tactigrammes présentés dans cet atlas sont inédits. Ils constituent la copie conforme de ... more Les 351 tactigrammes présentés dans cet atlas sont inédits. Ils constituent la copie conforme de stèles votives carthaginoises, dont 337 originaux sont à la lithothèque de Carthage, 14 en Suisse et France.
En chronologie, les lignes de temps sont les ères calendaires, telles que : ère séleucide, ab ur... more En chronologie, les lignes de temps sont les ères calendaires, telles que : ère séleucide, ab urbe condita, ERA, Anno Hegirae ou Hijri, Anno Domini et ce tableau synoptique indique l’an 1 de ces ères, leur période d’utilisation et la première éclipse de soleil dont le compte-rendu original, qu’il soit en cunéiforme, grec, arabe, latin, permet d’ancrer cet ère calendaire à l’ère commune, utilisée depuis 1616, et qui s’étend, elle, de moins l’infini à plus l’infini.
Les valeurs numériques de l'alphabet grec ont servi pour afficher la valeur des nummi et folles b... more Les valeurs numériques de l'alphabet grec ont servi pour afficher la valeur des nummi et folles byzantins et arabes ainsi que le millésime des monnaies séleucides.
While the Ostrogoths seized Roman legitimacy in the Italian peninsula by taking Rome, in the Iber... more While the Ostrogoths seized Roman legitimacy in the Italian peninsula by taking Rome, in the Iberian Peninsula the Visigoths attributed that legitimacy symbolically by inventing the ERA. This calendar ERA also known as the AUGUSTAN ERA, the GOTHIC ERA or the SAFAR ERA, pays homage to the Pax Romana in Hispania. Astronomy allows you to know exactly when a total solar eclipse occurs in a specific place. If the aforementioned event has been reflected in the chronicles and they have been assigned a certain date, we can know the beginning of the calendar used or refer the date to any other calendar.
Alors que les Ostrogoths se sont emparés de la légitimité romaine sur la péninsule italique en saquant Rome, pour la péninsule ibérique, les Wisigoths, eux, se sont attribué cette légitimité par voie symbolique…en inventant l’ERA. Cette ère calendaire dite aussi ère d’Auguste, ère gothique ou date Safar, rend hommage à la Pax Romana en Hispanie.
AMS dating requires only minute amount of fast growing organic material (desiccated human skin, r... more AMS dating requires only minute amount of fast growing organic material (desiccated human skin, reef, straw). Eclipse Simulation freeware in association with GPS Simulation freeware Google Earth provide now access for a large public to the detailed investigation of relevant past Solar Ephemeredes and Eclipses. New data are presented concerning:-Evidence for an Imhotep connection with the launching of the Egyptian Calendar.-Evidence for the oldest mummified skull and its connection with paleoamerican young child funerary ritual and datation of Omaguacan Rock Art.-Chronology of the Amarna Heresy-Evidence for an Amarnian Heritage in the Abu Simbel Temple
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du passage de la proto-Histoire à l' Histoire des civilisations. Elle permet de synchroniser des ères : 7 ont leur ancrage chronologique assuré par les colophons des plus ancients comptes-rendus d’éclipses de Soleil.
Le colophon d’un artefacts donne sa date de fabrication exprimée en termes de l’ère calendaire en vogue. Le plus ancien est le certificat de naissance de cette ère. Il témoigne de l’acceptation de son mythe fondateur par la communauté concernée. 33 dates exprimées en termes de leur ère culturelle
(en 13 langues: akk, ar, de, egy, en, es, fr, gr, la, mym, peo, syr, zh) témoignent de la diversité des styles dans l’Écriture du Temps.
Among civilization founding myths, some can be traced back to the origin of new calendars eras, i.e.: Roman she-wolf & Ab Urbe Condita;
Pax Romana in Iberia & Era Hispanica;
Muhammed bringing up the rear of the migration & Anno Hegirae ;
Incarnation of the Lord & Anno Domini.
Solar eclipses anchor fortunately those eras in time while numismatics provides artefacts and their colophons.
du passage de la proto-Histoire à l' Histoire des civilisations. Elle permet de synchroniser des ères : 7 ont leur ancrage chronologique assuré par les colophons des plus ancients comptes-rendus d’éclipses de Soleil.
Le colophon d’un artefacts donne sa date de fabrication exprimée en termes de l’ère calendaire en vogue. Le plus ancien est le certificat de naissance de cette ère. Il témoigne de l’acceptation de son mythe fondateur par la communauté concernée. 33 dates exprimées en termes de leur ère culturelle
(en 13 langues: akk, ar, de, egy, en, es, fr, gr, la, mym, peo, syr, zh) témoignent de la diversité des styles dans l’Écriture du Temps.
Among civilization founding myths, some can be traced back to the origin of new calendars eras, i.e.: Roman she-wolf & Ab Urbe Condita;
Pax Romana in Iberia & Era Hispanica;
Muhammed bringing up the rear of the migration & Anno Hegirae ;
Incarnation of the Lord & Anno Domini.
Solar eclipses anchor fortunately those eras in time while numismatics provides artefacts and their colophons.
This calendar ERA also known as the AUGUSTAN ERA, the GOTHIC ERA or the SAFAR ERA, pays homage to the Pax Romana in Hispania.
Astronomy allows you to know exactly when a total solar eclipse occurs in a specific place. If the aforementioned event has been reflected in the chronicles and they have been assigned a certain date, we can know the beginning of the calendar used or refer the date to any other calendar.
Alors que les Ostrogoths se sont emparés de la légitimité romaine sur la péninsule italique en saquant Rome, pour la péninsule ibérique, les Wisigoths, eux, se sont attribué cette légitimité par voie symbolique…en inventant l’ERA. Cette ère calendaire dite aussi ère d’Auguste, ère gothique ou date Safar, rend hommage à la Pax Romana en Hispanie.