Leo DUBAL

The Canon SAROS lists 50 documented ancient solar eclipses ranging from -1911 up to +1912, i.e., prior to the creation of the Bureau Int.’l de l’Heure in 1913. The introduction to the table discuss six observation reports. Emphasis is given fror the eclipses anchoring Calendrical Eras (Nilotic, HuangDi, AUC, Seleucid, Hirji, Anno Domini).

As the editors point out, "rock art is the oldest archive of human activity," and its interpretation, although fraught with difficulty is thus of prime importance. This collection of papers, taken from the 15th UISPP congress, mainly look at specific symbols and their interpretation. Thus there are papers on faceless anthropomorphic symbols, the pentagram, spirals and lozenges, bulls horn symbols, footprint and handprint symbols, cupmarks and triangles, and net patterns and ruled rectangles. The volume is completed by two essays on particular rock art sites in Portugal and Galicia.

As examples of ideographic premonition dreams, we have revised and completed the selection of ancient Chinese dreams, translated by G. Soulie, annotated by Marie Bonaparte and published in « Les reves etudies par les Chinois » (Revue francaise de psychanalyse, n˚ 4, 1927). These dreams are recorded in the « Yuxiaji » (Memoires du Coffret de Jade), a compilation begun by Xu Zhen (born in 239) and added to on various occasions thereafter. The particular significance of the Chinese language is that it offers to its dreamers, not only the possibility to play with words but also with the graphics which make up the ideograms. This dream-game is not to be confused with the etymology of the sinograms.

Even though “realistic” 3-dimensional representatio ns of sexual intercourse are the most evocative types of erotic messages, some oriental block print s and miniatures succeeded in overcoming their 2dimensional limitation using vivid colours. In con trast, dull monochrome 2-D representations have to go beyond sheer realism. To achieve this difficult task, the focus is set on the “typical contour” of the partne rs, highlighting their sexual attributes. The representation of a scene displaying sexual int ercourse is strongly bound to the choice of medium and to the availabili ty of appropriate technological tools. As erotic messages have a str ong sensual component, threedimensional techniques are most appropriate and are still used. Stereoscopic pictures of sexual nature appeared a s early as 1850’s. 3-D sex colour-movies on giant theatre screens had to wait until the 1980’s, whereas currently VR is on the rise. In contrast, ca. 3’000 years ago, erotic clay mod elling almost reached...

The date of acceptance of a founding myth by the concerned community of believers might be traced with any artefact carrying a kind of colophon with date and site of release. The “birth certificate" of the myth of Muhammed Allah’s Messenger, is a coin, minted in Persia in calendar year 67 AH (Anno Hegira). This era commemorates the Muslim tribe’s migration from Mecca to Medina. The late graft of the myth of Prophet Muhammad bringing up the rear of this migration has shaped the astonishing perennity of the Hegira Era. Regarding the myth of the Incarnation of the Lord, its "birth certificate" is a Diploma, issued in England in calendar year 736 AD (Anno Domini). This era commemorates the Incarnation of the Christian Divinity. The hypothesis about the origin of the AD Calendar as counter-attack to the rapid spreading of the AH Calendar is discussed. If a founding myth tells the original event of a calendar era, in contrast, the artefact, carrier of the date and site of r...

La Numismatique au carrefour du Temps des croyances, du Temps mesuré ou Temps du physicien, et du Cyberspace:  Cinq anciennes pièces de monnaies, choisies avec soin, offrent,  déjà à elles seules, cinq  visions parallèles de l’histoire de l’humanité. Mais ce jeu de cinq pièces est loin d'être unique....Voici  mon invitation à la lecture des artefacts ayant survécu aux destructions  pour voir plus loin que l'Histoire réécrite à la sauce des croyances de l'époque.

Enquanto os Ostrogodos, após o saque de Roma, se apoderaram da legitimidade romana sobre a Península Itálica, para a Península Ibérica, os Visigodos atribuíram a si próprios esta legitimidade por via simbólica … inventando a ERA. Esta era calendárica chamada também era de Augusto, era gótica ou data Safar, rende homenagem à Pax Romana na Hispânia.

La chronologie écliptique des ères calendaires établit la relation entre le Temps de la Terre, de la Lune et du Soleil - et l’Instant
du passage de la proto-Histoire à l' Histoire des civilisations. Elle permet de synchroniser des ères : 7 ont leur ancrage chronologique  assuré par les colophons des plus ancients comptes-rendus d’éclipses de Soleil.

Le colophon d’un artefacts donne sa date de fabrication exprimée en termes de l’ère calendaire en vogue. Le plus ancien est le certificat de naissance de cette ère. Il témoigne de l’acceptation de son mythe fondateur par la communauté concernée. 33 dates exprimées en termes de leur ère culturelle
(en 13 langues: akk, ar, de, egy, en, es, fr, gr, la, mym, peo, syr, zh)  témoignent de la diversité des styles dans l’Écriture du Temps.

Is Bede's AD calendar a counter-attack to the Hijri Calendar?
Among civilization founding myths, some can be traced back to the origin of new calendars eras, i.e.: Roman she-wolf & Ab Urbe Condita;
Pax Romana in Iberia & Era Hispanica;
Muhammed bringing up the rear of the migration & Anno Hegirae ;
Incarnation of the Lord & Anno Domini.
Solar eclipses anchor fortunately those eras in time while numismatics provides artefacts and their colophons.

La date d'acceptation par une communauté de croyants d'un mythe fondateur peut être connue grâce à des artefacts porteurs de leur date et lieu de mise en circulation. Le "certificat de naissance" du mythe de Mahomet-Messager d'Allah, est une monnaie frappée en Perse, en l'an calendaire 67 AH (Anno Hegirae). Cette ère commémore la mémoire de la migration d'une tribu musulmane de La Mecque à Médine. La greffe tardive du mythe du Prophète Mahomet fermant la marche de l'Hégire permit l'étonnante pérennité de cette ère. Quant au mythe de l'Incarnation du Seigneur, son "certificat de naissance" est un diplôme, émis à Ismere en Angleterre, en l'an calendaire 736 AD (Anno Domini), alors que cette ère commémore l'Incarnation de la Divinité Chrétienne. Une mise en relation de l'invention du Calendrier AD avec la diffusion fulgurante du Calendrier AH est proposée.

Premonition, the too long prevailing obscurantist interpretation of "sooth-dreaming" is rejected without appeal. In its place, a rational analysis of the mental process involved is spelt out. At night, the dreamer disguises with his best language skills the coveted resolution to his sorrows of the previous day. The next morning, though he still does not dare, alone by himself,
to openly confront the latent content of his dream, he will
unconsciously direct his neighbours or counsellors in a kind of drama ending with the revelation of the concealed meaning of it.

Even though " realistic " 3-dimensional representations of sexual intercourse are the most evocative types of erotic messages, some oriental block prints and miniatures succeeded in overcoming their 2-dimensional limitation using vivid colours. In contrast, dull monochrome 2-D representations have to go beyond sheer realism. To achieve this difficult task, the focus is set on the " typical contour " of the partners, highlighting their sexual attributes.

ABSTRACT An attempt was made to detect cosmic ray tracks using a pulsed TEA CO2 laser. Within 4 μsec of the passage of a cosmic ray through a pressurized cell, a laser beam of 4 J∕cm2 energy density at 10.6 μ was fired. Pure argon and argon-krypton mixtures were studied at pressures up to 12 atm. Spots of light were seen but no tracks. Laser damage to the cell windows was the limiting factor. An alternative detector using an initial high-voltage pulse followed by a laser pulse is proposed.

Tomography so far has used a "passive" property of radiation absorption, i.e., variation of the transmission rate. Computerized tomography reconstructs (Fourier analyses) a 20 picture of of a sequence of 10 transmission profiles. The resulting image is therefore axially oriented. The use of the stereoscopic effect of two views of the same object (slice), taken at two slightly different angles, is, in such a base, not feasible. "Protoscopy" is based on an "active" property of radiation absorption, i.e., large angle nuclear scattering. The vertices of the large angle scattered protons are individually measured. The spatial resolution of the detectors and the Coulomb multiple scattering are responsible for the existence of an "elementary volume". Stereo display is under study. Despite the fact that "protoscopy" requires a (still) expensive proton source of 600 MeV, a scanning system, the "protoscope", is proposed to challenge all the excellent performances of the most advanced X-ray tomography techniques, such as the automatic computerized transverse axial (ACTA)-scanner.

ABSTRACT A measurement of the complete differential cross section for the reaction pp-->dpi+ at 3.00, 3.20, 3.43, 3.65, 3.83, 4.00, 4.20, and 5.05 GeVc incident proton momentum has been made in an attempt to establish the role of the Delta (1950) in this region. The data show that the previously observed enhancement in the forward cross section between 3 and 4 GeVc due to this isobar is an effect which damps out quickly as the production angle departs from zero degrees, in contrast with the well-known enhancement at 1.35 GeVc, which is evident at all angles. In particular, the one-pion-exchange model is in poor agreement with the extended set of data. A detailed description is given of a novel proportional-wire-chamber system which facilitated the selection of this rather rare reaction from a very high competing background.

... Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6 AC Thompson§ Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 L. Bird, CH Halliwell, RW Morrison, and J. Walters Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada KlS 5B6 JB McCaslin and AR Smith Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory ...

... BP Roe and S. Ozaki, Phys ... H. L. Anderson, DA Larson, t and L. G. Myrianthopoulos The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, I//inois 6063F L. Dubal, t CK Hargrove, EP Hincks, 5 R. J.McKee, and H. Mes~~ The Nationa/ Research Counci/ of Canada, Ottmva ...

ABSTRACT Boson production in processes of type NA' --> AX, where A(A') is a light nucleus of atomic number a (a' = a - 1), and X a boson, is probably mediated by the formation of intermediate nucleon-isobars. All available experimental data including the results of the Saclay experiment on np --> dsigma(310) and dp --> He3sigma(310) strongly support the model we propose, based on the Selleri OPE triangle diagram.

ABSTRACT Compton scattering on protons has been measured at a mean photon energy of 6 GeV and four-momentum transfers -t between 0.06 and 0.60 (GeV/c)2. The differential cross section shows a diffraction-like behaviour. The cross section extrapolated to t=0 is in fair agreement with the optical point. Discrepancies with the vector meson dominance model are pointed out.

ABSTRACT The P parameter for pi+p scattering at 236.3 MeV has been measured between 50° and 146° c.m. with very low background using a butanol polarized proton target. The resulting D phases are in fair agreement with dispersion relation values.

ABSTRACT Experimental confirmation of the structure in the region of the R(1700) meson, in the reaction π− + p → p + R− reported earlier at incident pion momenta of 7 and 12 GeV/c, has been obtained at 11.5 GeV/c with the missing-mass spectrometer. The peaks R1(1630), R2(1700) and R3(1748) have been observed; in addition a peak at 1830 ± 15 MeV, reported by the CERN-Liverpool bubble chamber group, is indicated. Speculative comparison of our peaks and bubble chamber data with the L-excitation quark-antiquark model predictions gives a suggestive agreement in both mass separations and G-parities; however, we cannot exclude this as being coincidence.

Que savons-nous de Thalès de Milet ? Comment at -il pu prédire au roi lydien Alyattès l'éclipse de soleil qui mit fin à la guerre lydo-mède, alors que Thalès ne connaissait pas le cycle de Saros, cette période de 223 lunaisons permettant la prédiction des éclipses? La réponse est simple: même si aucune note n'a été retrouvée, nous faisons l'hypothèse que Thalès a enregistré avec soin ses observations des phénomènes naturels, telles les dates des éclipses de soleil. La prédiction d'une éclipse partielle de soleil ne nécessite pas d'autres connaissances, et les chamans le savent depuis longtemps. Il faut rappeler que l'observation à l'oeil nu d'éclipses partielles de soleil exige que le soleil soit bas sur l'horizon, ou filtré, par exemple, par les feuilles d'un arbre et projeté inversé sur une surface claire ou alors filtré par les nuages. Sans justification astronomique, en un site donné, les éclipses de soleil tendent statistiquement au regroupement dans le temps ou cluster. Une lunaison étant de 29,5 jours, ces clusters peuvent être de : 18 lunaisons, tel celui des éclipses totales observées à Kikombo (Angola), les +2001.06.21 & +2002.12.04. Ils peuvent être précédés, ou suivis, d'un de 17. 12 lunaisons, comme les éclipses partielles que l'on observera à Nîmes à 96% le +2026.08.12/19:25h & à 76% le +2027.08.02/ 10:01h. 6 lunaisons, comme les 2 premières éclipses, partielles à 16%, qu'enfant j'ai observées à Genève à l'aide d'une plaquette de verre noircie à la bougie, les +1951.09.01 & +1952.02.25. Après avoir observé sa première éclipse de soleil, Thalès a dû s'interroger sur le temps d'attente le plus court pour la prochaine éclipse ! La liste des éclipses à Milet donne, pour les clusters de 3 ou 4 éclipses, des espacements alternativement de 17 & 18 mois lunaires, soit 503 et 533 jours, avec alternance matin/ après-midi. La date est celle du dernier jour du mois lunaire.

En chronologie, les lignes de temps sont les ères calendaires, telles que :  ère séleucide, ab urbe condita, ERA, Anno Hegirae ou Hijri, Anno Domini et ce tableau synoptique  indique l’an 1 de ces ères,  leur  période d’utilisation et la première éclipse de soleil dont le compte-rendu original, qu’il soit en cunéiforme, grec,  arabe, latin,  permet d’ancrer cet ère calendaire à l’ère commune, utilisée depuis 1616, et qui s’étend, elle, de moins l’infini à plus l’infini.

AMS dating requires only minute amount of fast growing organic material (desiccated human skin, reef, straw). Eclipse Simulation freeware  in association with GPS Simulation freeware Google Earth provide now access for a large public to the detailed investigation of relevant past Solar Ephemeredes and Eclipses. New data are presented concerning:-Evidence for an Imhotep connection with the launching of the Egyptian Calendar.-Evidence for the oldest mummified skull and its connection with paleoamerican young child funerary ritual and datation of Omaguacan Rock Art.-Chronology of the Amarna Heresy-Evidence for an Amarnian Heritage in the Abu Simbel Temple