Luis Abugattas

One of the principal concerns of Latin American scholars in the last few years has been analysis and interpretation of the brisk urbanization process that has taken place in the region as well as the main sociopolitical effects it has caused. The study of the Peruvian case with its economic political and social consequences covers an array of approaches hypotheses and points of view. The intention of this paper has been to compile the studies that in one way or another have focused on the analysis of the process of urban growth in this nation. Three phenomena have been taken into consideration to produce this bibliography: migration urbanization and impoverishment (marginalidad). Historically since the 1950s these three have happened in parallel and in themselves form a unity that cannot be examined separately. The term marginalidad (urban poor living on the fringes of cities) triggers serious conceptual problems. For the purpose of this work we have considered the unstructured grow...

Although the 1970s witnessed a convergence of neoliberal economic policies and authoritarianism in the Southern Cone countries of Latin America, the 1980s gave way to a new combination of economic orthodoxy and democracy in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. Neoliberal economic projects emerged in these central Andean countries as they confronted broadly similar economic problems. Plummeting prices in the international market for key exports, decreased investment, and growing financial burdens imposed by the international debt created the parameters of la crisis—the topic that became a central focus of political discourse in these new democracies. At different points in time, each of the three countries responded to the crisis with neoliberal economic experiments. In Peru a turn toward neoliberalism occurred under the administration of Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1980-1985), only to be completely reversed by the heterodox policies of Alan García (1985–). In Ecuador basic stabilization measure...

... When information is imperfect, when there are barriers to entry in new markets, when ... Active public policies are also needed to overcome the time-lag that exists between the ... for a new capability-based development strategy, while reaping the ben-efits of effective integration into ...